scholarly journals Evaluation of Biological and Chemical Control Methods for Black Vine Weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Container Grown Perennials

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Stanton Gill ◽  
Joanne Lutz ◽  
Paula Shrewsbury ◽  
Michael Raupp
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
Container Plant

Abstract Three trials involving the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poiner) provided convincing evidence that this entomopathogenic nematode can provide highly effective control of black vine weevil larvae under conventional methods of container plant production. In all trials, the application of nematodes significantly reduced populations of weevil larvae relative to levels found in the untreated containers. The first and second trials, using Bergenia and Heuchera, confirmed that H. bacteriophora applied at two rates caused substantial mortality to black vine weevil larvae. The third trial revealed that H. bacteriophora applied to Epimedium provided levels of control comparable to those of imidacloprid and acephate. In all trials, populations of weevil larvae were reduced by 90–100% following the application of H. bacteriophora.

Use of a cold-active entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema kraussei to control overwintering larvae of the black vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in outdoor strawberry plants

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 925-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Edmondson ◽  
Paul Richardson ◽  
Deena Willmott ◽  
Andrew Hart ◽  
Steve Long
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Cold Active ◽  
Clear Dose Response ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
Baermann Funnel

AbstractThe susceptibility of overwintering black vine weevil larvae Otiorhynchus sulcatus to a cold-active entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema kraussei (isolate L137) and a commercial proprietary biopesticide, Steinernema carpocapsae (Exhibit) was assessed on outdoor potted strawberry plants. Nematodes were applied at a range of doses in early winter at a field site located in Warwickshire, England. Three months later, infestation and mortality of vine weevils were assessed. There was a clear dose response observed for S. kraussei applications. Up to 81% of vine weevil control was recorded by this nematode at the highest dose of 60 000 nematodes per pot, whereas treatments with S. carpocapsae caused no significant mortality at the dose rates used. Dissection of vine weevil larvae showed infective juveniles had developed to adults within the host. Recovery of nematodes at the end of the experiment indicated that S. kraussei (L137) was able to survive winter field conditions including prolonged exposure to low temperatures (averaging 2.7°C during the experiment) in contrast to S. carpocapsae which showed poor survival. Of the two extraction methods used, the Baermann funnel technique was found to be more efficient than Galleria mellonella baiting, with up to 44% of the original highest dose of S. kraussei nematodes being recovered by Baermann funnel compared to 8% with G. mellonella at 18°C. These results suggest S. kraussei (L137) has potential as a commercial biocontrol agent against O. sulcatus at low temperatures.

Integrated Pest Management for Crops and Pastures

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Horne ◽  
Jessica Page
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Cultural Changes

Integrated Pest Management for Crops and Pastures describes in straightforward language what is required for farmers to successfully implement Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in cropping and grazing operations. It explains the differences between conventional pesticide-based controls and IPM, and demonstrates the advantages of IPM. Effective control of pests depends on a number of approaches, not just chemical or genetic engineering. The opening chapters cover the different approaches to pest management, and the importance of identification and monitoring of pests and beneficials. Most farmers and advisors can identify major pests but would struggle to recognise a range of beneficial species. Without this information it is impossible to make appropriate decisions on which control methods to use, especially where pests are resistant to insecticides. The book goes on to deal with the control methods: biological, cultural and chemical. The biological control agents discussed include both native and introduced species that attack pests. Cultural changes that have led to an increase in the incidence or severity of pest attack are also examined. The chapter on chemical control describes the different ways chemicals can affect beneficial species, also detailing acute, sub-lethal and transient toxicities of pesticides, drawing on examples from horticulture where necessary. Finally, the authors bring all the components of integrated pest management together and show farmers how to put their IPM plan into action.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF SOIL INSECTS AND THEIR DAMAGE TO SWEETPOTATO THROUGH THE USE OF INSECT RESISTANT CULTIVARS, INSECTICIDE AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL.

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 493c-493
Author(s):  
J. M. Schalk ◽  
A. Jones ◽  
P. D. Dukes ◽  
D. R. Seal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Soil Insects ◽  
Insect Resistant

The test involved the use of a control (untreated), an entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae), a granular insecticide (Dyfonate 2.24 Kg ai/ha) in combination with 7 sweetpotato cultivars having varying levels of resistance and susceptibility to soil insect damage. The parasite was applied three times at monthly intervals (67/cm2). The parasite or insecticide did not reduce root injury by soil insects as compared to the control (untreated). Wireworm, Diabrotica and Systena damage in the resistant cultivars Regal, Southern Delite, Excel and Resisto was less than for the susceptible cultvars (SC–1149-19, Jewel and Centennial). Sweetpotato flea beetle resistance was observed for all cultivars except SC–1149-19 which was susceptible. In this test resistant cultivars were more effective in reducing soil insect damage than the biological or chemical control methods.

scholarly journals Samsun İli Çarşamba İlçesinde Çiftçilerin Tarımsal Mücadele İlaçları Kullanımında Çevreye Karşı Tutum ve Davranışları

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aybike Bayraktar ◽  
Ismet Boz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Medium Level

While the use of pesticides in plant production has positive effects on yield and quality, it has negative effects on human and environmental health. The environment is polluted by the intense and unconscious use of chemicals in agriculture, and the absence of environmentally friendly agricultural methods. This causes problems in the long term, such as reduced biodiversity and disruption of natural balance. This study is important because there are many problems such as the producers' failure to effectively apply methods of combating diseases, pests, and weeds in agricultural production, the use of unnecessary and wrong doses of pesticides, and the methods other than chemical control are not preferred. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes and behaviors of farmers towards use of pesticides in Çarşamba District of Samsun Province. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 112 farmers determined by stratified sampling method. According to the findings, most of the farmers in the region do not prefer other methods different form chemical control methods. While farmers found the effectiveness of pesticides at a medium level, they found the price levels of pesticides high. While there is a perception that over-using pesticides adversely affects the environment, biological control methods are not known enough. Various research, education, and extension studies should be carried out for farmers to use pesticides more consciously, and to apply methods other than chemical control.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF SOIL INSECTS AND THEIR DAMAGE TO SWEETPOTATO THROUGH THE USE OF INSECT RESISTANT CULTIVARS, INSECTICIDE AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL.

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 493a-493
Author(s):  
J. M. Schalk ◽  
A. Jones ◽  
P. D. Dukes ◽  
D. R. Seal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Soil Insects ◽  
Insect Resistant

The test involved the use of a control (untreated), an entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae), a granular insecticide (Dyfonate 2.24 Kg ai/ha) in combination with 7 sweetpotato cultivars having varying levels of resistance and susceptibility to soil insect damage. The parasite was applied three times at monthly intervals (67/cm2). The parasite or insecticide did not reduce root injury by soil insects as compared to the control (untreated). Wireworms, Diabrotica sp. and Systena sp. damage in the resistant cultivars Regal, Southern Delite, Excel and Resisto was less than for the susceptible cultivars (SC–1149-19, Jewel and Centennial). Sweetpotato flea beetle resistance was observed for all cultivars except SC–1149-19 which was susceptible. In this test resistant cultivars were more effective in reducing soil insect damage than the biological or chemical control methods.

Irrigation return flow and nutrient movement mitigation by irrigation method for container plant production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon E. Abdi ◽  
James S. Owen ◽  
Julie C. Brindley ◽  
Anna Birnbaum ◽  
Bert M. Cregg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Production ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Irrigation Return Flow ◽  
Container Plant

scholarly journals A Review of Alternative Management Tactics Employed for the Control of Various Cockroach Species (Order: Blattodea) in the USA

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Ameya D. Gondhalekar ◽  
Arthur G. Appel ◽  
Gretchen M. Thomas ◽  
Alvaro Romero
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Alternative Tactics ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Alternative Control Methods

Effective control of domestic and peridomestic cockroaches requires integrated approaches that emphasize concurrent use of chemicals with alternative control tactics. An integrated pest management (IPM) approach is particularly justified in environments where satisfactory cockroach control cannot be achieved due to multiple factors including development of insecticide aversion and resistance in some cockroach species, and poor sanitation or structural issues that foster infestations. While a flurry of research effort has been devoted to study alternative tactics for cockroach control, only a few of them have been evaluated in the context of IPM programs. This review focuses on examining studies on alternative tactics that are proven efficacious, economical, and logistically feasible for their inclusion in IPM programs for important domestic and peridomestic cockroaches in the USA. Management programs that educate the public on cockroach biology, behavior, and the importance of sanitation; use of traps to monitor infestation levels; apply targeted low impact insecticides such as baits, have demonstrated a greater success for effective and sustainable control of cockroaches when compared to an insecticide-only approach. Incorporation of other alternative control methods to IPM programs will require more applied research that validates their use in real-world scenarios and demonstrates their cost-effectiveness.

Otiorhynchus sulcatus. [Distribution map].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
St Helena ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Culculionidae (vine weevil, strawberry, cyclamen or black vine weevil). Attacks strawberry, grapevine, Cyclamen. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, USSR, Russian SFSR, European USSR, Africa, St. Helena, Egypt, Asia, Japan, Australasia and Pacific Islands, Australia, Tasmania, Chatham Islands, Hawaii, New Zealand, North America, Canada, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, South America, Chile, Colombia.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of widespread respirator use in curtailing COVID-19 transmission in the USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 210699
Author(s):  
Calistus N. Ngonghala ◽  
James R. Knitter ◽  
Lucas Marinacci ◽  
Matthew H. Bonds ◽  
Abba B. Gumel
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
The Impact

Dynamic models are used to assess the impact of three types of face masks (cloth masks, surgical/procedure masks and respirators) in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. We showed that the pandemic would have failed to establish in the USA if a nationwide mask mandate, based on using respirators with moderately high compliance, had been implemented during the first two months of the pandemic. The other mask types would fail to prevent the pandemic from becoming established. When mask usage compliance is low to moderate, respirators are far more effective in reducing disease burden. Using data from the third wave, we showed that the epidemic could be eliminated in the USA if at least 40% of the population consistently wore respirators in public. Surgical masks can also lead to elimination, but requires compliance of at least 55%. Daily COVID-19 mortality could be eliminated in the USA by June or July 2021 if 95% of the population opted for either respirators or surgical masks from the beginning of the third wave. We showed that the prospect of effective control or elimination of the pandemic using mask-based strategy is greatly enhanced if combined with other non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that significantly reduce the baseline community transmission. By slightly modifying the model to include the effect of a vaccine against COVID-19 and waning vaccine-derived and natural immunity, this study shows that the waning of such immunity could trigger multiple new waves of the pandemic in the USA. The number, severity and duration of the projected waves depend on the quality of mask type used and the level of increase in the baseline levels of other NPIs used in the community during the onset of the third wave of the pandemic in the USA. Specifically, no severe fourth or subsequent wave of the pandemic will be recorded in the USA if surgical masks or respirators are used, particularly if the mask use strategy is combined with an increase in the baseline levels of other NPIs. This study further emphasizes the role of human behaviour towards masking on COVID-19 burden, and highlights the urgent need to maintain a healthy stockpile of highly effective respiratory protection, particularly respirators, to be made available to the general public in times of future outbreaks or pandemics of respiratory diseases that inflict severe public health and socio-economic burden on the population.

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