Effects of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, on wheat yields in Mexico

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Nicol ◽  
Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Negative Linear Relationship

Abstract Tolerance and resistance to P. thornei of seven CIMMYT-derived cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum), selected on soil naturally infested by Pratylenchus thornei and released from 1960-1997, were evaluated under optimum and limited irrigation conditions in northwestern Mexico. Replicated trials were grown in a naturally infested site in two seasons. Differences in yield, agronomic traits and nematode numbers were recorded in paired field plots, untreated or fumigated with dazomet to control nematodes. With optimum irrigation the nematode did not affect wheat yield but, with limited irrigation where plants were under water-stress, yield loss of all cultivars was comparable to that of the intolerant, susceptible control cv. Warigal (29%). There was a significant negative linear relationship (Y = –3.69 x + 3117) between initial nematode density (x) and grain yield (Y) under limited irrigation. None of these cultivars was resistant and post-harvest P. thornei populations had increased from three to 15 times the initial estimates. There was no relationship between date of release of cultivars and their responses to the nematode. There is a need for sources of resistance to be identified and incorporated into the germplasm.

Resistance to the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei in wheat landraces and cultivars from the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
M. M. O'Reilly ◽  
T. G. Clewett
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The West ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Lesion Nematode

Resistance to the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei was sought in wheat from the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region in the Watkins Collection (148 bread and 139 durum wheat accessions) and the McIntosh Collection (59 bread and 43 durum wheat accessions). It was considered that landraces from this region, encompassing the centres of origin of wheat and where P. thornei also occurs, could be valuable sources of resistance for use in wheat breeding. Resistance was determined by number of P. thornei/kg soil after the growth of the plants in replicated glasshouse experiments. On average, durum accessions produced significantly lower numbers of P. thornei than bread wheat accessions in both the Watkins and McIntosh Collections. Selected accessions with low P. thornei numbers were re-tested and 13 bread wheat and 10 durum accessions were identified with nematode numbers not significantly different from GS50a, a partially resistant bread wheat line used as a reference standard. These resistant accessions, which originated in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, and Tunisia, represent a resource of resistance genes in the primary wheat gene pool, which could be used in Australian wheat breeding programs to reduce the economic loss from P. thornei.

Resistance to root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) in Aegilops tauschii Coss., the D-genome donor to wheat

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
M. I. Haak
Keyword(s):  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Lesion Nematode

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei Sher and Allen) causes substantial loss in yield of wheat in eastern Australia. Central Asian accessions of Aegilops tauschii Coss. were tested to find new sources of resistance to P. thornei for use in wheat-breeding programs. Ae. tauschii (2n = 14, DD genome) is one of the wild progenitors of wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 42, AABBDD genomes). Resistance was determined by nematode reproduction in the plant roots during 16 weeks of growth in pots in a glasshouse. Thirty-nine of 244 accessions of Ae. tauschii tested in 2 replicated experiments had lower numbers of nematodes than GS50a, a partially resistant line of wheat used as a resistance standard. Resistance to P. thornei was present in accessions of most taxonomic groups within Ae. tauschii, i.e. Ae. tauschii subsp. strangulata (Eig) Tzvel., and Ae. tauschii subsp. tauschii var. typica L. and var. meyeri (Griseb.) Tzvel. Resistance was most common in subsp. strangulata with 20 out of 40 strangulata accessions in the resistant group and none in a highly susceptible group of 43 accessions. Accessions of var. meyeri with the Cre3 gene for effective resistance to cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.) were also resistant to P. thornei. The results indicate that several resistances to P. thornei are present in Ae. tauschii subspecies and varieties, which could be introgressed into cultivated wheat to help control P. thornei and increase farm profits.

Wheat biomass and yield increased when populations of the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) were reduced through sequential rotation of partially resistant winter and summer crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Owen ◽  
T. G. Clewett ◽  
K. L. Bell ◽  
J. P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Lesion Nematode

The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, can reduce wheat yields by >50%. Although this nematode has a broad host range, crop rotation can be an effective tool for its management if the host status of crops and cultivars is known. The summer crops grown in the northern grain region of Australia are poorly characterised for their resistance to P. thornei and their role in crop sequencing to improve wheat yields. In a 4-year field experiment, we prepared plots with high or low populations of P. thornei by growing susceptible wheat or partially resistant canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis); after an 11-month, weed-free fallow, several cultivars of eight summer crops were grown. Following another 15-month, weed-free fallow, P. thornei-intolerant wheat cv. Strzelecki was grown. Populations of P. thornei were determined to 150 cm soil depth throughout the experiment. When two partially resistant crops were grown in succession, e.g. canaryseed followed by panicum (Setaria italica), P. thornei populations were <739/kg soil and subsequent wheat yields were 3245 kg/ha. In contrast, after two susceptible crops, e.g. wheat followed by soybean, P. thornei populations were 10 850/kg soil and subsequent wheat yields were just 1383 kg/ha. Regression analysis showed a linear, negative response of wheat biomass and grain yield with increasing P. thornei populations and a predicted loss of 77% for biomass and 62% for grain yield. The best predictor of wheat yield loss was P. thornei populations at 0–90 cm soil depth. Crop rotation can be used to reduce P. thornei populations and increase wheat yield, with greatest gains being made following two partially resistant crops grown sequentially.

scholarly journals Fungicide Application Affects Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency, Grain Yield, and Quality of Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Ahossi Patrice Koua ◽  
Mirza Majid Baig ◽  
Benedict Chijioke Oyiga ◽  
Jens Léon ◽  
Agim Ballvora
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Available N ◽  
Fungicide Application

Nitrogen (N) is a vital component of crop production. Wheat yield varies significantly under different soil available N. Knowing how wheat responds to or interacts with N to produce grains is essential in the selection of N use efficient cultivars. We assessed in this study variations among wheat genotypes for productivity-related traits under three cropping systems (CS), high-nitrogen with fungicide (HN-WF), high-nitrogen without fungicide (HN-NF) and low-nitrogen without fungicide (LN-NF) in the 2015, 2016 and 2017 seasons. ANOVA results showed genotypes, CS, and their interactions significantly affected agronomic traits. Grain yield (GY) increased with higher leaf chlorophyll content, importantly under CS without N and fungicide supply. Yellow rust disease reduced the GY by 20% and 28% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Moreover, averaged over growing seasons, GY was increased by 23.78% under CS with N supply, while it was greatly increased, by 52.84%, under CS with both N and fungicide application, indicating a synergistic effect of N and fungicide on GY. Fungicide supply greatly improved the crop ability to accumulate N during grain filling, and hence the grain protein content. Recently released cultivars outperformed the older ones in most agronomic traits including GY. Genotype performance and stability analysis for GY production showed differences in their stability levels under the three CS. The synergistic effect of nitrogen and fungicide on grain yield (GY) and the differences in yield stability levels of recently released wheat cultivars across three CS found in this study suggest that resource use efficiency can be improved via cultivar selection for targeted CS.

Metabolomic profiling of wheat genotypes resistant and susceptible to root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Motiur Rahaman ◽  
Rebecca S. Zwart ◽  
Thusitha W. T. Rupasinghe ◽  
Helen L. Hayden ◽  
John P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Lesion Nematode

scholarly journals Pigeonpea composite collection and identification of germplasm for use in crop improvement programmes

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
K. N. Reddy ◽  
Shivali Sharma ◽  
R. K. Varshney ◽  
R. Bhattacharjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
High Seed Yield

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp. is one of the most important legume crops as major source for proteins, minerals and vitamins, in addition to its multiple uses as food, feed, fuel, soil enricher, or soil binder, and in fencing, roofing and basket making. ICRISAT's genebank conserves 13,632 accessions of pigeonpea. The extensive use of few parents in crop improvement is contrary to the purpose of collecting a large number of germplasm accessions and has resulted in a narrow base of cultivars. ICRISAT, in collaboration with the Generation Challenge Program, has developed a composite collection of pigeonpea consisting of 1000 accessions representing the diversity of the entire germplasm collection. This included 146 accessions of mini core collection and other materials. Genotyping of the composite collection using 20 microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers separated wild and cultivated types in two broad groups. A reference set comprising 300 most diverse accessions has been selected based on SSR genotyping data. Phenotyping of the composite collection for 16 quantitative and 16 qualitative traits resulted in the identification of promising diverse accessions for the four important agronomic traits: early flowering (96 accessions), high number of pods (28), high 100-seed weight (88) and high seed yield/plant (49). These accessions hold potential for their utilization in pigeonpea breeding programmes to develop improved cultivars with a broad genetic base. Pigeonpea germplasm has provided sources of resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses and cytoplasmic-male sterility for utilization in breeding programmes.

Fine mapping of root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) resistance loci on chromosomes 6D and 2B of wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shefatur Rahman ◽  
Katherine J. Linsell ◽  
Julian D. Taylor ◽  
Matthew J. Hayden ◽  
Nicholas C. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Lesion Nematode

scholarly journals Novel Sources of Resistance to Root-Lesion Nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) in a New Collection of Wild Cicer Species (C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum) to Improve Resistance in Cultivated Chickpea (C. arietinum)

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1270-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn A. Reen ◽  
Michael H. Mumford ◽  
John P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Wild Accessions

Pratylenchus thornei, a nematode species that feeds and reproduces in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) roots, is widespread throughout the Mediterranean basin and Indian subcontinent. In Australia, it can cause yield losses up to approximately 25% of intolerant chickpea cultivars. Potential for improvement has been hindered by the narrow genetic diversity of cultivated chickpea and a limited world collection of original wild Cicer spp. in the primary gene pool, consisting of 18 C. reticulatum and 10 C. echinospermum accessions. Recently, collections of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum from Turkey have substantially increased the number of accessions. This study evaluated 133 C. reticulatum and 41 C. echinospermum accessions from the new collection for resistance to P. thornei under controlled conditions in repeated glasshouse pot experiments. The aim of the study was to identify accessions with resistance superior to that currently available in Australian germplasm. Both wild Cicer spp. were found, on average, to be more resistant to P. thornei (P < 0.001) than C. arietinum. Combined analyses across experiments to determine genetic rankings showed that 13 (7%) wild accessions were significantly more resistant than the most resistant C. echinospermum reference ILWC 246, while another 40 (23%) accessions were significantly more resistant than the least susceptible Australian chickpea cultivar PBA Seamer. Mean P. thornei population densities differed significantly between collection sites in Turkey and within each of the genetic population groups. The sites Kayatepe and Baristepe1, and genetic population groups Ret_A and Ret_F associated with sites Oyali and Baristepe1, produced the lowest P. thornei population densities. This is the first report assessing the resistance to P. thornei of this new collection which offers novel sources of P. thornei resistance and untapped genetic diversity valuable for international chickpea breeding programs to exploit.

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