Poikilolaimus floridensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) associated with termites (Kalotermitidae)

AbstractA survey of termite-associated nematodes was done in southern Florida to compare the diversity of such associations with other latitudes in the Neotropics. Six species (15 colonies) of termites (Isoptera) were collected from the field and eight species (15 colonies) from laboratory populations were examined for nematode associates. All six field-collected termite species, Cryptotermes cavifrons, Incisitermes snyderi, Neotermes jouteli, N. castaneus, Prorhinotermes simplex and Reticulitermes flavipes, representing two families (Kalotermitidae and, for the latter two species, Rhinotermitidae), were associated with nematodes. Nematodes were also isolated from laboratory populations of I. snyderi and Coptotermes formosanus. In total, seven putative species of nematodes were discerned using molecular bar-coding and culturing (when successful) including four rhabditids, one diplogastrid, Rhabditis rainai and a nematode that we are describing herein as Poikilolaimus floridensis n. sp. This nematode was isolated as dauer juveniles in the foregut of N. jouteli, N. castaneus and I. snyderi. It was recovered from workers, a soldier and an alate, suggesting internal phoresy. It is characterised by six triangular cuticular flaps covering the stomatal opening, simple tube-like stomatal structure, i.e., absence of teeth and glottoid apparatus, cuticularised and refractile secretory-excretory pore, conical male tail lacking 'bursa' or spike, short and conical female tail and didelphic female reproductive system. Poikilolaimus floridensis n. sp. is morphologically characteristic and does not easily fit the current genus definition of Poikilolaimus which is redefined herein. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on near full length SSU ribosomal DNA sequence showed that the new species occupies a basal position in the genus.

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Concentration-Dependent Feeding Deterrence to 20-Hydroxyecdysone for Three Subterranean Termite Species (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12030218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 218

Author(s):

Lucas Carnohan ◽

Sang-Bin Lee ◽

Nan-Yao Su

Keyword(s):

Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽

Coptotermes Formosanus ◽

Subterranean Termite ◽

Choice Test ◽

Molting Hormone ◽

Feeding Deterrence ◽

Insect Feeding ◽

Substrate Consumption ◽

Termite Species ◽

Potential Methods

Effective active ingredients in toxicant bait formulations must be non-deterrent to insect feeding behavior at lethal concentrations. This study evaluated feeding deterrence for Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, C. gestroi (Wasmann), and Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) when provided access to cellulose impregnated with various concentrations of the insect molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Termites were exposed to 20E concentrations of 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm and to noviflumuron at 5000 ppm in a 24 h choice-test, and the mass of substrate consumption from treated and untreated media pads was compared for each treatment. 20E feeding deterrence was detected at 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm for C. gestroi, and at 2000 ppm for C. formosanus. No significant differences in consumption of treated and untreated substrate was detected at any concentration for R. flavipes. Potential methods for reducing deterrence are discussed.

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New Termite (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae) Records from Georgia

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-36.2.109 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 109-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rudolf H. Scheffrahn ◽

Nan-Yao Su ◽

James A. Chase ◽

Brian T. Forschler

Keyword(s):

Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽

Coptotermes Formosanus ◽

Pest Species ◽

Nomen Nudum ◽

Termite Species ◽

Incisitermes Minor ◽

Coptotermes Formosanus Shiraki

Deliberate surveys and submitted samples have yielded five termite species not previously recorded from Georgia including Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Family Rhinotermitidae), and Calcaritermes nearcticus (Snyder), Cryptotermes brevis (Walker), Incisitermes minor (Hagen), and Kalotermes approximatus Snyder (Family Kalotermitidae) bringing the total number of termite species in Georgia to nine. Coptotermes formosanus, C. brevis, and I. minor are all non-endemic pest species in Georgia. The Georgia records for C. nearcticus are the first outside of Florida and represent new northern limits, while collections of K. approximatus bridge a former gap in its north-south distribution. Previous records for Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), R. hageni Banks, and R. virginicus (Banks) (Family Rhinotermitidae), and Incisitermes snyderi (Light) (Kalotermitidae) are confirmed, while the name R. malletei is relegated to nomen nudum status. The prospects for additional termite records and status of Reticulitermes taxonomy in Georgia are discussed.

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Pseudaphelenchus vindai n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae) associated with termites (Termitidae) in Barro Colorado Island, Panama

Nematology ◽

10.1163/138855410x496187 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 905-914 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Natsumi Kanzaki ◽

Robin M. Giblin-Davis ◽

E. Allen Herre ◽

Rudolf H. Scheffrahn ◽

Barbara J. Center

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Field Survey ◽

Barro Colorado Island ◽

Subterranean Termites ◽

Lateral Field ◽

Female Tail ◽

The Family ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Pharyngeal Gland ◽

Basal Position

Abstract In 2008, a field survey of termite-associated nematodes was conducted on Barro Colorado Island, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (BCI, STRI), Panama. During that survey, an undescribed Pseudaphelenchus species was isolated from three species of subterranean termites, Amitermes beaumonti, Microcerotermes exiguous and Obtusitermes panamae. The nematode is described and figured herein as P. vindai n. sp. The new species is morphologically similar to its only congener, P. yukiae, i. e., these two species share a thin stylet with small and clear basal knobs, a true bursa supported by three bursal limb-like genital papillae and a nerve ring surrounding the anterior clear region of the pharyngeal gland lobe and intestine. The molecular phylogenetic analysis based upon near full length (ca 1.7 kb) SSU ribosomal DNA sequence suggested that the new species forms a well supported clade with P. yukiae, at the basal position of the family Aphelenchoididae. The new species is distinguished from P. yukiae by possessing a clear condylus and rostrum of the capitulum and arcuate calomus/lamina complex of the spicules vs no condylus and rostrum and a relatively straight calomus/lamina complex, long and tapering female tail without small mucro vs blunt with small mucro present and possession of lateral field with three incisures vs four incisures.

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The Effect of Variables on Laboratory Termite Testing: Part I—Worker:Soldier Ratio

Forest Products Journal ◽

10.13073/fpj-d-20-00057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 453-458

Author(s):

G. B. Lindsey ◽

T. L. Amburgey ◽

H. M. Barnes

Keyword(s):

Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽

Coptotermes Formosanus ◽

Subterranean Termite ◽

Standard Laboratory ◽

Equivalent Weight ◽

Termite Species ◽

Wood Protection ◽

Weight Losses ◽

Eastern Subterranean Termite ◽

Standard Tests

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if the same soldier:worker ratio could be used in the eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes) and the Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus) in standard tests. Native (R. flavipes) and introduced (C. formosanus) subterranean termite species were tested in an American Wood Protection Association E1 standard laboratory test. Statistically equivalent weight losses were found as long as the ratio was within 10 percent of the rate required by the standard.

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Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) and redescription of Ektaphelenchus obtusus (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae), associates from nematangia on the hind wings of Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854108786161517 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 925-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Natsumi Kanzaki ◽

Robin M. Giblin-Davis ◽

Yasmin J. Cardoza ◽

Weimin Ye ◽

Kenneth F. Raffa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Examination ◽

Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽

Lateral Field ◽

The Past ◽

Female Tail ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Voucher Specimens ◽

Tail Tip

Abstract Two species of aphelench, Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. and Ektaphelenchus obtusus, were isolated from the 'nematangia', cocoon-like structures found at the base of the hind wings of Dendroctonus rufipennis. The nematangia contained adult females of E. obtusus and the dauer juveniles of B. rufipennis n. sp. Only B. rufipennis n. sp. could be cultured on Monilinia fructicola on LGPDA (lactic acid-treated, glycerol-supplemented, potato dextrose agar). The new species of Bursaphelenchus is described and figured and some additional morphological characters are ascribed to E. obtusus, E. josephi, E. sandiaensis, E. smaelus (= E. prolobos) and E. terebranus after examination of type and/or voucher specimens. Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. has an adult body length of ca 500-1000 μm, medium a ratios (ca 25-38 for females and ca 30-40 for males), b ratios of ca 8-13 (female) and 7-11 (male), c ratios of ca 15-22 (female and male), c′ ratios of ca 3-4 (female) and ca 2-3 (male), and is characterised by three incisures in the lateral field, mitten-shaped spicules and a conical female tail that curves ventrally and possesses a variable tail tip. The new species is morphologically closest to B. corneolus, B. curvicaudatus, B. gerberae, B. paracorneolus and B. talonus. Morphological examination of type and/or voucher specimens of five Ektaphelenchus species revealed coarse transverse body annulation and three pairs of male caudal papillae (except for the two species where males are not described). Clear typological differences were observed among these five Ektaphelenchus species in the structure of the lip region, presence/absence of stylet knobs and male spicule morphology. Although these characters have not been consistently documented in the past, they may be diagnostic for species in the genus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on SSU and D2/D3 LSU sequences revealed that B. rufipennis n. sp. was closest to B. paracorneolus and that E. obtusus was closest to species of Ektaphelenchoides and a Cryptaphelenchus sp.

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Species in section Peltidea (aphthosa group) of the genus Peltigera remain cryptic after molecular phylogenetic revision

Plant and Fungal Systematics ◽

10.2478/pfs-2018-0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 45-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jolanta Miadlikowska ◽

Nicolas Magain ◽

Carlos J. Pardo-De la Hoz ◽

Dongling Niu ◽

Trevor Goward ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Specificity ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Bootstrap Support ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Phylogenetic Structure ◽

Putative Species ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

High Bootstrap ◽

Phylogenetic Revision

AbstractClosely related lichen-forming fungal species circumscribed using phenotypic traits (morphospecies) do not always align well with phylogenetic inferences based on molecular data. Using multilocus data obtained from a worldwide sampling, we inferred phylogenetic relationships among five currently accepted morphospecies of Peltigera section Peltidea (P. aphthosa group). Monophyletic circumscription of all currently recognized morphospecies (P. britannica, P. chionophila, P. frippii and P. malacea) except P. aphthosa, which contained P. britannica, was confirmed with high bootstrap support. Following their re-delimitation using bGMYC and Structurama, BPP validated 14 putative species including nine previously unrecognized potential species (five within P. malacea, five within P. aphthosa, and two within P. britannica). Because none of the undescribed potential species are corroborated morphologically, chemically, geographically or ecologically, we concluded that these monophyletic entities represent intraspecific phylogenetic structure, and, therefore, should not be recognized as new species. Cyanobionts associated with Peltidea mycobionts (51 individuals) represented 22 unique rbcLX haplotypes from five phylogroups in Clade II subclades 2 and 3. With rare exceptions, Nostoc taxa involved in trimembered and bimembered associations are phylogenetically closely related (subclade 2) or identical, suggesting a mostly shared cyanobiont pool with infrequent switches. Based on a broad geographical sampling, we confirm a high specificity of Nostoc subclade 2 with their mycobionts, including a mutualistically exclusive association between phylogroup III and specific lineages of P. malacea.

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The Effect of Variables on Laboratory Termite Testing: Part 4—Test Block Species, Size, and Test Photoperiod

Forest Products Journal ◽

10.13073/fpj-d-20-00070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 95-100

Author(s):

G. B. Lindsey ◽

T. L. Amburgey ◽

H. M. Barnes

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Wood Sample ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽

Coptotermes Formosanus ◽

Standard Laboratory ◽

Yellow Pine ◽

Southern Yellow Pine ◽

The Impact ◽

Standard Tests

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the impact on termite feeding of wood sample size and species and test photoperiod in standard tests. Native species (Reticulitermes flavipes) and introduced species (Coptotermes formosanus) were tested in an American Wood-Preservers' Association E1 standard laboratory test. For testing involving treated wood, southern yellow pine was determined to be preferable to spruce based on its treatability and availability. Test blocks of 25 by 25 by 6 mm were deemed adequate for testing, with large blocks presenting difficulty with retrieval of termites to determine mortality and smaller blocks being consumed too rapidly by the termites in the test. Photoperiod comparisons were not significantly different for R. flavipes; however, C. formosanus indicated a preference for 100 percent darkness. Therefore, the recommendation is to maintain tests using each species in a 100 percent dark environment.

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Trichonympha burlesquei n. sp. from Reticulitermes virginicus and evidence against a cosmopolitan distribution of Trichonympha agilis in many termite hosts

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.054874-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 (Pt_10) ◽

pp. 3873-3876 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Erick R. James ◽

Vera Tai ◽

Rudolf H. Scheffrahn ◽

Patrick J. Keeling

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Single Cell ◽

Host Species ◽

Molecular Diversity ◽

Novel Species ◽

Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽

Cosmopolitan Distribution ◽

Type Host ◽

Reticulitermes Virginicus ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Historically, symbiotic protists in termite hindguts have been considered to be the same species if they are morphologically similar, even if they are found in different host species. For example, the first-described hindgut and hypermastigote parabasalian, Trichonympha agilis (Leidy, 1877) has since been documented in six species of Reticulitermes, in addition to the original discovery in Reticulitermes flavipes. Here we revisit one of these, Reticulitermes virginicus, using molecular phylogenetic analysis from single-cell isolates and show that the Trichonympha in R. virginicus is distinct from isolates in the type host and describe this novel species as Trichonympha burlesque i n. sp. We also show the molecular diversity of Trichonympha from the type host R. flavipes is greater than supposed, itself probably representing more than one species. All of this is consistent with recent data suggesting a major underestimate of termite symbiont diversity.

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Urocystis cumminsii sp. nov., a smut fungus on Themidaceae from Arizona

Mycotaxon ◽

10.5248/134.591 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (4) ◽

pp. 591-599

Author(s):

Kyryll G. Savchenko ◽

Sylena R. Harper ◽

Lori M. Carris ◽

Lisa A. Castlebury

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

First Record ◽

Smut Fungi ◽

Its Sequence ◽

Sequence Analyses ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

A New Species ◽

Basal Position

The morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a species of Urocystis on Dichelostemma capitatum (Themidaceae, Asparagales) collected in the Tucson Mountains in Arizona, United States, were studied using microscopy and ITS rDNA sequence analyses. This is a first record for smut fungi on hosts from Themidaceae. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequence data revealed its basal position in relation to species on Poaceae. As a result, the smut in leaves of Dichelostemma capitatum is described and illustrated here as a new species, Urocystis cumminsii.

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Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys platyops (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina) and a key to the species of Hughjonestrongylus

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4679 (1) ◽

pp. 107-125

Author(s):

LESLEY SMALES

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

New Guinea ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Bootstrap Analysis ◽

Spicule Length ◽

Genital Cone ◽

Female Tail ◽

Putative Species ◽

Males And Females ◽

Species Being

Nematodes from six families, comprising 20 species identified to genus level and three to subfamily level as well as juveniles and a heligmonellid that could not be identified further, were recovered from 34 individuals of Paramelomys platyops, one P. cf playops and one Melomys sp. (Muridae: Murinae: Uromys Division) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Ascaridid larvae, a capillariid, Capillaria s. l., two putative species of the Nippostrongylinae and a small number of heligmonellid males and females, could not be identified further. The rictulariid Pterygodermatites sp. (females only) had not been reported previously from Sahulan Old Endemic fauna while three species, the oxyurid Syphacia longecauda , the molineid Hepatojarakus pyknofasciatus, and the spirurid Protospirura kaindiensis, had. The remaining species, all heligmonellids, included the brevistriatine Macrostrongylus ingens and 14 nippostrongyline species. Of these, Hughjonestrongylus amplicauda, H. singauwaensis, Melomystrongylus sepikensis, Mawsonema mokwanense, Odilia mackerrasae and Parasabanema szalayi had been reported previously. Species of Hasanuddina, Montistrongylus and Sanduanensis possibly as yet undescribed, could not be identified further. Flannerystrongylus abulus n. gen., n. sp. differed from all 41 genera described to date in having a synlophe of 14–16 evenly sized ridges with a sub frontal orientation. Hasegawanema yuroense n. sp. with 21–23 synlophe ridges was distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters including length of spicule, cuticularisation of the genital cone, the proportions of the ovejector and the size of the eggs. Hughjonestrongylus pervulgatus n. sp., H. vanimoensis n. sp. and H. wanumaensis n. sp. were distinguished from all other species of Hughjonestrongylus and each other by a combination of characters including the number of synlophe ridges 25–30, 18, 22–23 in the mid body respectively, and spicule length, proportions of the ovejector and shape of the female tail. A key to the species of Hughjonestrongylus is provided. Species richness was greater than that recorded for P. lorentzii and P. rubex with about 86% of possible species found, as indicated by bootstrap analysis. The helminth assemblage was dominated by heligmonellids with eight species being unique to P. platyops. Paramelomys lorentzii is found at altitudes up to 1500 m and may provide a link between the lowland P. platyops and the highland P. rubex, thus facilitating the distribution of helminth species held in common.

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