scholarly journals The Ethiopian staple food crop enset (Ensete ventricosum) assessed for the first time for resistance against the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus goodeyi

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Selamawit A. Kidane ◽  
Beira H. Meressa ◽  
Solveig Haukeland ◽  
Anne Kathrine (Trine) Hvoslef-Eide ◽  
Danny L. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Host Response ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
First Time ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Pratylenchus Goodeyi

Summary Pratylenchus goodeyi appears to be the most prevalent nematode pest of enset in Ethiopia, where it can occur in extremely high densities. However, the damage to yield or how different enset cultivars react to the nematode has yet to be determined. The current study therefore sought to establish a first assessment of these reactions by enset to P. goodeyi infection. Determining pest-resistant cultivars is an important task in developing management strategies. Our study evaluated nine enset cultivars to establish host response and identify potential sources of resistance. In addition, the pathogenicity of P. goodeyi was assessed on three enset cultivars. After 9 months’ growth, significant differences in final population densities (Pf) and reproduction factor (RF) were observed amongst the nine cultivars, with ‘Gefetanuwa’ the most susceptible (Pf = 25 799 and RF = 12.9), and similarly in a repeat experiment for 4.5 months (Pf = 126 534 and RF = 63.3). ‘Maziya’ and ‘Heila’ were the most resistant in the first experiment (Pf < 455 and RF < 0.2) as well as in the repeat, together with ‘Kellisa’ (Pf < 5255 and RF < 2.6). In the pathogenicity experiment four inoculum densities significantly affected the Pf and RF but not among the three cultivars ‘Maziya’, ‘Arkiya’ and ‘Heila’. This is the first known study to assess genotype reaction to P. goodeyi, which shows that there are significant differences in the reactions of different cultivars and that resistance appears to be present in enset.

scholarly journals Reproduction of Pratylenchus zeae on Weeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. BELLÉ ◽  
T.E. KASPARY ◽  
P.R. KUHN ◽  
J. SCHMITT ◽  
I. LIMA-MEDINA
Keyword(s):  
Initial Population ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Pratylenchus Zeae ◽  
Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT Weeds can be hosts of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.), maintaining or increasing their population in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of 25 weeds species to the nematode Pratylenchus zeae. The weed plants were individually inoculated with 1,000 individuals of P. zeae and maintained in a greenhouse for 90 days. After this period, eggs and nematodes were extracted, quantified, and the reproduction factor (RF = final population/initial population) was calculated. All tested weeds were susceptible (RF>1) to P. zeae, and the species Brachiaria decumbens, Rhynchelytrum repens, Digitaria insularis, D. horizontalis, B. brizantha were the most susceptible to this parasite.

scholarly journals Saccharum spontaneum, a Novel Source of Resistance to Root-Lesion and Root-Knot Nematodes in Sugarcane

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2288-2294
Author(s):  
Shamsul A. Bhuiyan ◽  
Kylie Garlick ◽  
George Piperidis
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) are two important pathogens of sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid). No commercial cultivars are resistant to these nematodes in Australia. Twenty accession lines of S. spontaneum, a wild relative of sugarcane, were tested against these two nematode species. S. spontaneum lines were tested twice for resistance to root-lesion nematode and three times for root-knot nematode. Reproduction (final population/starting population) of root-lesion nematodes was significantly lower in 17 of the 20 S. spontaneum accession lines tested in two experiments compared with two commercial cultivars. Four S. spontaneum lines supported a significantly lower number of root-lesion nematodes per gram of root than that of two commercial sugarcane cultivars. Reproduction of root-knot nematodes was significantly lower in 16 S. spontaneum lines compared with two commercial cultivars. Fourteen of the S. spontaneum lines tested supported significantly fewer eggs per gram of root compared with two commercial cultivars. This study showed that S. spontaneum lines possessed resistance for root-lesion and root-knot nematodes. Targeted crossing with commercial hybrid parental lines should be conducted to introduce nematode resistance into sugarcane cultivars for the Australian sugar industry.

scholarly journals Interference of Meloidogyne javanica in the reproduction of Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean cultivar BRS/MT pintado

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Lais Fernanda Fontana ◽  
Claudia Regina Dias Arieira ◽  
Vinicius Hicaro Frederico Abe ◽  
José Junior Severino ◽  
Jailson de Oliveira Arieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Mixed Populations

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, are the most common phytoparasites in soybean crop, which usually occur in association in crop areas. However, few studies were conducted on the interaction between these parasites. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the interference of the increase in M. javanica population in the reproduction of P. brachyurus, and the effect of mixed populations on soybean (cultivar BRS/MT Pintado) development. The experiment consisted in inoculating a population of 1000 specimens of P. brachyurus per plant and changing the inoculum level of M. javanica, using zero, 1000, 2000 and 4000 eggs, in two different periods. After 65 days of inoculation, the increase in the initial population of M. javanica reduced by 79 and 73% the final population of P. brachyurus in the different experiments. However, both species significantly increased their populations. When subjected to the same inoculum level, M. javanica was more efficient in reproducing than P. brachyurus. The increase in the number of nematodes reduced the vegetative growth of the plant.

Resistance to the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei in wheat landraces and cultivars from the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
M. M. O'Reilly ◽  
T. G. Clewett
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The West ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Lesion Nematode

Resistance to the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei was sought in wheat from the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region in the Watkins Collection (148 bread and 139 durum wheat accessions) and the McIntosh Collection (59 bread and 43 durum wheat accessions). It was considered that landraces from this region, encompassing the centres of origin of wheat and where P. thornei also occurs, could be valuable sources of resistance for use in wheat breeding. Resistance was determined by number of P. thornei/kg soil after the growth of the plants in replicated glasshouse experiments. On average, durum accessions produced significantly lower numbers of P. thornei than bread wheat accessions in both the Watkins and McIntosh Collections. Selected accessions with low P. thornei numbers were re-tested and 13 bread wheat and 10 durum accessions were identified with nematode numbers not significantly different from GS50a, a partially resistant bread wheat line used as a reference standard. These resistant accessions, which originated in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, and Tunisia, represent a resource of resistance genes in the primary wheat gene pool, which could be used in Australian wheat breeding programs to reduce the economic loss from P. thornei.

Impact of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus goodeyi and mulch on the East African Highland banana crop performance in Kibuye, Western Rwanda

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gaidashova ◽  
Dirk De Waele ◽  
Carine Dochez ◽  
Bruno Delvaux ◽  
Piet van Asten
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
East African ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Crop Performance ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Banana Crop ◽  
Pratylenchus Goodeyi

AbstractThe effect of nematode root injuries on banana crop yield is very poorly known in higher parts of the East African highlands. This study assessed the impact of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus goodeyi, on growth and yield of three banana cultivars (Musa spp. AAA-EA) in a field experiment involving nematicide and mulch applications at conditions of high altitude (about 1500 m). Plant growth, yield, root damage and nematode population densities were observed over three production cycles. Low to medium levels (≤50%) of root necrosis were associated with improved plant growth, whilst higher root necrosis (>50%) had no effect on plant growth. No significant reduction in bunch weight was associated with high root necrosis in any cycle and any of the three cultivars. Mulch significantly reduced root necrosis and P. goodeyi population densities. Bunch weight significantly increased in all mulched plots irrespective of root necrosis intensity. These results agree with those of earlier surveys in Rwanda that suggested little impact of P. goodeyi on banana yields. However, they challenge general perceptions and previous findings on the negative impact of root lesion nematodes on banana crop performance.

Resistance to root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) in Aegilops tauschii Coss., the D-genome donor to wheat

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
M. I. Haak
Keyword(s):  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Lesion Nematode

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei Sher and Allen) causes substantial loss in yield of wheat in eastern Australia. Central Asian accessions of Aegilops tauschii Coss. were tested to find new sources of resistance to P. thornei for use in wheat-breeding programs. Ae. tauschii (2n = 14, DD genome) is one of the wild progenitors of wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 42, AABBDD genomes). Resistance was determined by nematode reproduction in the plant roots during 16 weeks of growth in pots in a glasshouse. Thirty-nine of 244 accessions of Ae. tauschii tested in 2 replicated experiments had lower numbers of nematodes than GS50a, a partially resistant line of wheat used as a resistance standard. Resistance to P. thornei was present in accessions of most taxonomic groups within Ae. tauschii, i.e. Ae. tauschii subsp. strangulata (Eig) Tzvel., and Ae. tauschii subsp. tauschii var. typica L. and var. meyeri (Griseb.) Tzvel. Resistance was most common in subsp. strangulata with 20 out of 40 strangulata accessions in the resistant group and none in a highly susceptible group of 43 accessions. Accessions of var. meyeri with the Cre3 gene for effective resistance to cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.) were also resistant to P. thornei. The results indicate that several resistances to P. thornei are present in Ae. tauschii subspecies and varieties, which could be introgressed into cultivated wheat to help control P. thornei and increase farm profits.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of nematicidal properties of Solanum sisymbriifolium and S. nigrum extracts on Pratylenchus goodeyi

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida Pestana ◽  
Mónica Rodrigues ◽  
Lucília Teixeira ◽  
Isabel de O. Abrantes ◽  
Manuela Gouveia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Solanum Sisymbriifolium ◽  
Pratylenchus Goodeyi

The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus goodeyi, is among the most economically damaging parasites of banana plants. Nematode control can benefit from searching for novel bio-nematicides. The present study was carried out to assess the potential nematicidal properties of two Solanum species (Solanum sisymbriifolium and S. nigrum) against P. goodeyi, using dichloromethane, acetone, ethanol and either cold or hot water extracts of the plants. Water extracts of both plants at a concentration of 10 mg ml−1 greatly affected nematode movement and also caused mortality. The analysis of sequential extracts at the same experimental concentrations showed that, although water extracts affect nematode mobility and mortality, the acetone extract from S. nigrum was the most efficient, causing 100% mortality after 23 h exposure. The results showed that S. sisymbriifolium and S. nigrum extracts contain chemical components that induce morphological changes in the body structure of the root-lesion nematode, affect mobility and cause mortality. The nematostatic and nematicidal potential of the extracts described herein merit further studies to find novel bio-nematicides against the root-lesion nematode.

scholarly journals Resistance of Wheat Genotypes to Root-Lesion Nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) Can be Used to Predict Final Nematode Population Densities, Crop Greenness, and Grain Yield in the Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
J. G. Sheedy ◽  
N. A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Lesion Nematode

The root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei is a major pathogen of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in many regions globally. Resistance of wheat genotypes to P. thornei can be determined from final nematode population densities in glasshouse experiments but combining results across multiple experiments presents challenges. Here, we use a factor analytic method for multiexperiment analysis of final population densities of P. thornei for 1,096 unique wheat genotypes in 22 glasshouse experiments. The resistance to P. thornei of the genotypes was effectively represented by a two-factor model with rotation of the axes to a principal components solution. Principal axes 1 and 2 (PA1 and PA2) accounted for 79 and 11% of the genetic variance, respectively, over all experiments. Final population densities of P. thornei as empirical best linear unbiased predictors (PA[1+2]-eBLUPs) from the combined glasshouse experiments were highly predictive (P < 0.001) of final nematode population densities in the soil profile, crop canopy greenness (normalized difference vegetation index), and grain yield of wheat genotypes in P. thornei-infested fields in the Australian subtropical grain region. Nine categories of resistance ratings for wheat genotypes from resistant to very susceptible were based on subdivision of the range of PA(1+2)-eBLUPs for use in growers’ sowing guides. Nine genotypes were nominated as references for future resistance experiments. Most (62%) Australian wheat genotypes were in the most susceptible three categories (susceptible, susceptible to very susceptible, and very susceptible). However, resistant germplasm characterized in this study could be used in plant breeding to considerably improve the overall resistance of Australian wheat crops.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document