Suppression of Banana Fusarium Wilt Disease With Soil Microbial Mechanisms Via Pineapple Rotation and Residue Amendment

Aims The large outbreak of banana Fusarium wilt has become a bottleneck limiting the industry’s development, and crop rotation is a cost-effective and essential measure to overcome the obstacles of banana crop monoculture. The present work was carried out to explore the mechanisms of how changes in physicochemical properties and the reestablishment of soil microorganisms in high-incidence soils are affected by crop rotation and plant residue. Methods In this study, pineapple-banana crop rotation and pineapple residue amendment were used to alleviate banana Fusarium wilt, and their effects on bacterial and fungal communities were studied using the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. Results Both pineapple-banana rotation and residue addition significantly reduced disease incidence. Moreover, pineapple rotation and residue amendment altered the bacterial and fungal community composition. The taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha diversity of bacteria and fungi significantly increased against disease suppression and nutrition competition. The relative abundances of the Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Elaphocordyceps, Penicillium, and Talaromyces genera were higher, and the number of Fusarium was significantly lower in rotational soil than in banana monoculture soil. Finally, linear models (LM) was used to show that the Burkholderia and Talaromyces in crop rotation, and Aspergillus in residue amendment have significant negative relationship to disease incidence, which plays a key role in Fusarium reduction. Conclusions To consider the economic benefits and protect the vitality of the soil, this study suggested that pineapple-banana rotation and pineapple residue amendment both could be considered for the sustainable management of banana wilt.

Cultivo agroecologico del banano y plátano / Agroecological culture of the banana crop

Las musáceas, (Musa spp.), son cultivos tropicales de importancia económica de toda la región tropical y subtropical se comercializa en fresco, como fruta, conocido como banano y como producto procesado, conocido como plátano vianda, representando importantes rubros en términos económicos para la mayoría de países productores, al generar cuantiosos ingresos financieros y fuentes permanentes y transitorias de trabajo para una gran parte de la población mundial, contribuyendo con la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria de países en vía de desarrollo como alimentos básicos en la dieta diaria de millones de personas. No obstante, estos cultivos no escapan a la voracidad de plagas y enfermedades que detrimentan seriamente sus producciones; entre ellas los ácaros, picudos, y nematodos; así como fitopatógenos productores de las peores enfermedades como Moko bacteriano, Sigatoka negra y Mal de Panamá; por ello el interés en particular del presente resultado científico de contribuir al conocimiento sobre el manejo agroecológico de su problemática fitosanitaria cardinal expuestas durante la celebración del I Seminario internacional REDUPLATANO Ecuador 2018.

Effects of different banana crop residue hays on ensiling BRS capiaçu grass on fermentation profile, aerobic stability and nutritional value of silage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the BRS capiaçu grass silage combined with different hays of banana crop residue on fermentation profile, aerobic stability and nutritional value. The treatments consisted of elephant grass cv. BRS capiaçu (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) ensiled with 37.44% banana peel hay, 36.06% banana pseudostem hay and 37.00% banana leaf hay, on a dry matter (DM) basis and control silage (no additive). The experimental design used was completely randomized, with five treatments and five replicates. Forage was collected when it reached 3.5 meters in height (90 days). Experimental PVC silos of known weight, 50 cm long, 10 cm diameter, were used for silage making. For all treatments, silage aerobic stability breakdown started after 64 hours exposure to air. The BRS capiaçu grass control silage or silage combined with pseudostem hay (mean of 73.15 kg t GM-1) presented effluent losses 40.46% higher than those observed for BRS capiaçu grass silage + banana leaf hay and 69.17% in relation the BRS capiaçu grass silage + banana peel hay. The inclusion of banana crop residue (hay) when ensiling BRS capiaçu grass decreased 13.93% gas losses compared to the control silage (mean of 3.11% DM). Higher values of total digestible nutrients, metabolizable energy and digestible energy content was found in BRS capiaçu grass silage + with banana peel hay. The greater in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility was observed for BRS capiaçu grass silage combined with pseudostem hay. The inclusion of 37.44% banana peel hay improves the fermentation profile and aerobic stability of BRS capiaçu grass silage.

Contribución al conocimiento de la problemática fitosanitaria cardinal del cultivo de banano y plátano / Contribution to the knowledge of the cardinal phytosanitary problematic of the banana crop

Las musáceas, (Musa spp.), son cultivos tropicales de importancia económica de toda la región tropical y subtropical se comercializa en fresco, como fruta, conocido como banano y como producto procesado, conocido como plátano vianda, representando importantes rubros en términos económicos para la mayoría de países productores, al generar cuantiosos ingresos financieros y fuentes permanentes y transitorias de trabajo para una gran parte de la población mundial, contribuyendo con la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria de países en vía de desarrollo como alimentos básicos en la dieta diaria de millones de personas. No obstante, estos cultivos no escapan a la voracidad de plagas y enfermedades que detrimentan seriamente sus producciones; entre ellas los ácaros, picudos, y nematodos; así como fitopatógenos productores de las peores enfermedades como Moko bacteriano, Sigatoka negra y Mal de Panamá; por ello el interés en particular del presente resultado científico de contribuir al conocimiento sobre el manejo agroecológico de su problemática fitosanitaria cardinal expuestas durante la celebración del I Seminario internacional REDUPLATANO Ecuador 2018.

PENGGUNAAN BIOCHAR DAN MOL BONGGOL PISANG UNTUK PERBAIKAN KUALITAS BIBIT TANAMAN PISANG (Musa paradisiaca L).

ABSTRAKSelama ini petani menanam pisang hanya mengandalkan bibit dari anakan yang tumbuh dari pangkal pisang. Dampaknya produk pisang selalu tidak optimal. Permasalahan ini merupakan masalah serius, sehingga perlu dicari alternative solusi. Salah satusolusi yang dapat memperkecil permasalahan bibit pisang adalah dengan menggunakan biochar dan Mikro Organisme Lokal (MOL) dari bonggol pisang. Kedua bahan ini merupakn potensi sumberdaya alam yang selama ini masih belum banyak dimanfaatkan untuk memperbaiki mutu bibit pisang. Kombinasi biochar dan MOL bonggol pisang diharapkan mampu menghasilkan bibit tanaman pisang yang berkualitas baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis biochar dan MOL bonggol pisang yang tepat untuk pembibitan pisang. Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan yang siginifikan pada kombinasi perlakuan pemberian biochar dan MOL bonggol pisang (B) dengan umur anakan bonggol pisang (P) pada semua parameter pengamatan. Perlakuan anakan bonggol pisang terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan anakan bonggol umur dewasa (P2) karena berpengaruh hampir pada semua parameter yang diamati. Perlakuan pemberian biochar dan MOL bonggol pisang (B) pada semua parameter tidak berbeda nyata, namun secara terpisah perlakuan pemberian tanah + MOL 200 cc/L.air (B5) menunjukan perbedaan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainABSTRACTDuring this time farmers planted bananas only relying on seedlings from saplings growing from the base of bananas. The impact of banana products is always not optimal. This issue is a serious problem, so it needs to look for alternative solutions. One of the solution that can minimize the problem of banana seedlings is to use biochar and local micro organism (MOL) from banana excrescence. These two materials are the potential of natural resources that have not been widely utilized to improve the quality of banana seedlings. Combination of biochar and MOL banana excrescence are expected to produce good quality banana crop seeds. This research aims to obtain a dose of biochar and MOL proper of banana excrescence for breeding bananas. The results analysis of variance showed that the combination treatment of biochar and MOL Banana excrescence (B) not significantly affect to the Age of banana seedlings (P) on all observation parameters. The best banana seedlings treatment is found in the treatment of Adult age (P2) saplings because it affects almost all the observed parameters. The treatment of biochar and MOL of Banana excrescence (B) on all parameters are not significantly different, but separately the soil + MOL 200 cc/L. (B5) shows a better in growth compared to other treatments