Diversification and Industrialization in the Economic Development of Turkmenistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-379
Author(s):  
Hoyoung Kwon ◽  
Jai S. Mah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
The Government

Abstract In the early stages of its transition, Turkmenistan pursued a gradualist path. Diversification, industrialization, and market-based reforms led to very rapid economic growth particularly since the late 2000s. This article investigates the role of Turkmenistan’s economic development policy in diversifying industries and promoting the manufacturing sector. The government has diversified the destinations for the natural gas exports. Although its agriculture had been characterized as cotton monoculture, the share of wheat has risen since the 1990s. The textile industry has led the manufacturing sector, and other industries are not well developed. The government has successfully attracted foreign direct investment. Turkmenistan’s trade policy has contributed to supplying machines for manufactured products, although it might have been harmful to the early-stage development of the manufacturing sector. Turkmenistan, which is not a member of the WTO, may actively utilize its policy space to promote technology-intensive industries and must strengthen its level of human capital.

The Belarusian Model of Economic Transition and Industrialization

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-382
Author(s):  
Min Young Song ◽  
Jai S. Mah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Tariff Rates ◽  
The Government

Abstract This article discusses the economic development of Belarus, which took the gradualist approach in transition. Rejecting the Washington Consensus—based reform, Belarus experienced a quick recovery during the 1990s and rapid economic growth during the early to mid-2000s. The government took various policy measures to ensure the structure of a centrally planned economy. These measures included price control, emphasis on the large state-owned enterprises, restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and tariff protection. Facing limits to economic growth since the late 2000s, the government has undertaken liberalization measures including price decontrol, promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises, derestriction of FDI inflows, and trade liberalization. In the meantime, realizing the role of industrialization, it placed an emphasis on development of the manufacturing sector by lowering tariff rates imposed on capital goods. Finally, the article provides policy implications for the other developing and transition economies pursuing economic development in light of the experience of Belarus.

scholarly journals The Role of Small-scale Industry in Pakistan's Economy and Government Incentives

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-807
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hussain Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Small Industry ◽  
The Government

Despite the recognition of the importance of small-scale industry, the Government of Pakistan's industrial policy has been biased in the past towards the large-scale manufacturing sector. The First Five Year Plan (1955-60) document states the significance of small-scale industry in the following words. Small industry has specific contributions to make to economic development. In the first place, it can contribute to the output of needed goods without requiring the organization of large new enterprises or the use of much foreign exchange to finance the import of new equipment. Secondly, it can provide opportunities for employment beyond the narrow boundaries of urban centres. Finally, as history shows, it can perform an important function in promoting growth, providing training ground for management and labour, and spreading industrial knowledge over wide areas [8, p. 471] .

scholarly journals Motivational Factors towards Women Entrepreneurship with Reference To Coimbatore City

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147-1150
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Government

The role of Women entrepreneur in economic development is also being recognized and steps are being taken to promote women entrepreneurship. Women entrepreneurship must be molded properly with entrepreneurial traits and skills to meet the changes in trends, challenges global markets and also be competent enough to sustain and strive for excellence in the entrepreneurial arena. The study is about analyzing the entrepreneurship of women in Coimbatore city. The main objective is to investigate pull and push factors for women in entering entrepreneurship and to find out what kind of motivations women have as well as what barriers they need to faced. For this purpose primary data will be collected from 150 respondents who are residing at Coimbatore and it is concluded that women in Coimbatore city have higher interest towards starting a new business and this has to be taken in to consideration by the government towards women empowerment.

Bridging B2B E-Commerce Gaps for Taiwanese SMEs

2011 ◽  
pp. 2086-2105
Author(s):  
Yu Chung William Wang ◽  
Michael S.H. Heng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Business To Business ◽  
Taiwanese Government

Many Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been under pressures from large firms to implement Business-to-Business e-commerce (B2B e-commerce) information systems. However, these SMEs have faced various challenges to do so in the supply chain. This chapter explains the role of Taiwanese government in supporting SMEs in implementing e-commerce by analysing the interactions of government teams with current projects, and challenges of Taiwanese SMEs. Discussions and analyses focus on the government help in setting up infrastructure, B2B e-commerce implementation, and interfirm interactions among SMEs and larger firms. The Taiwanese government has been promoting its global logistic strategy for economic development which stresses supply chain integration by bridging information flows among overseas enterprises, domestic large firms, and local SMEs. Government projects related to this strategy are intended to anchor SMEs’ growing needs in linking B2B e-commerce with large firms. Our analyses and proposal dwell on how government can further bridge the gaps between the intrinsic barriers of SMEs and the interactions with larger firms in B2B e-commerce implementation.

Can Community Education Promote Community Participation in the Local Economic Development (LED) Activities in this Era of 2019-nCoV

2022 ◽  
pp. 1019-1038
Author(s):  
Bibi Zaheenah Chummun ◽  
Wiseman Siboniso Ndlangamandla
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local People ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Limited Participation ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The Government

The 2019-nCoV has come as an unexpected wicked challenge especially to the vulnerable ones as it has significantly affected the local economic development (LED) activities of many local people in communities of South Africa. In this chapter, the role of community education as a problem-solving measure in promoting community participation in LED will be explored as limited participation in those activities prevail especially in the wake of the Coronavirus pandemic. The study provides the challenges posed by the limited participation in the communities and the economy and explains how the local participation is important through community education (CE) programmes in LED activities. Since community education indeed plays a huge role in enhancing community participation in LED activities, the government officials, policymakers and others need to work closely with local people so that they can understand the essence of socio-economic issues that communities daily encounter in the wake of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Utjecaj proračunskog zakona na upravljanje državom u uvjetima razvoja digitalnog gospodarstva

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Imeda Tsindeliani ◽  
Olga Gorbunova ◽  
Elena Matyanova ◽  
Kirill Pisenko ◽  
Oksana Palozyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Network Management ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Budget Control ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Rule Making

The subjects of this study are the effectiveness of budget innovations in the field budgetary rule making and the role of the government in shaping fiscal policy in a digital economy. The article makes a case for new approaches to budget formation, for the enhanced use of budgetary levers to boost socio-economic development in the context of global digitalization. In order to make the influence of social informatization on economic development more effective, the economy has to move to a flat (network) management model. The problems of budget control are analyzed

scholarly journals Energy Sector Reforms and its Role of Economic Development with Special Reference to Tamilnadu

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.27) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
S Thangamayan ◽  
B Chithirairajan ◽  
S Sudha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Energy Consideration ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Generation

Energy is an important input for the sustained growth of an economy. Its use by individual households and the industrial units is on the increase. Energy can be an effective weapon in the battle against poverty in a country like India. Since the days of the second five year plan of energy consideration of self-reliance as economic objectives induced the government to provide special emphasis to the development of heavy and basic industries like Iron, Steal, Heavy Machinery, Fertilizer, cement, Aluminum, Petrochemical etc. It costs about Rs.4 crore to create new generation capacity. Non-conventional source of energy being the most environment friendly, there was an urgent need to promote generation of electricity based on such sources of energy; efforts have to been made to reduce the capital cost of projects based on non-conventional and renewable sources of energy. 

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