Diversification and Industrialization in the Economic Development of Turkmenistan

In the early stages of its transition, Turkmenistan pursued a gradualist path. Diversification, industrialization, and market-based reforms led to very rapid economic growth particularly since the late 2000s. This article investigates the role of Turkmenistan’s economic development policy in diversifying industries and promoting the manufacturing sector. The government has diversified the destinations for the natural gas exports. Although its agriculture had been characterized as cotton monoculture, the share of wheat has risen since the 1990s. The textile industry has led the manufacturing sector, and other industries are not well developed. The government has successfully attracted foreign direct investment. Turkmenistan’s trade policy has contributed to supplying machines for manufactured products, although it might have been harmful to the early-stage development of the manufacturing sector. Turkmenistan, which is not a member of the WTO, may actively utilize its policy space to promote technology-intensive industries and must strengthen its level of human capital.

Can economic development policy trigger gentrification? Assessing and anatomising the mechanisms of state-led gentrification

This paper aims to bridge universality – as gentrification stands as a global threat to vulnerable communities – and local circumstances and geographies, by investigating structural factors, such as deindustrialisation and land rent gaps, as well as local political economies and socio-spatial structures, which are all common in the Global South. We conducted research in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, to investigate whether a neoliberal economic development policy acted as a trigger for gentrification, relying on mixed methods research to analyse evidence of economic restructuring, land rent creation, changes in resident profiles and major urban development trends in the region. Findings indicate evidence of economic restructuring and that the policy triggered higher land values. However, we did not observe evidence of gentrification in the area and attribute this to a still-relevant manufacturing sector, the extensive presence of large informal settlements, the growing numbers of suburban gated communities, the low proportion of renters, and the fact that local elites are moving southwards while the policy took place in the northern peripheries of the metropolis. Federal policies such as minimum wage increases and housing programs partially contradicted neoliberal state policies. This case study offers a lens to investigate gentrification in different latitudes and illustrates how social policies may prevent gentrification processes.

Media Exposure to and Knowledge of the BCG Economic Development Policy Model of the Thai People

This study investigated the media exposure and knowledge of the BCG economic development policy model among the Thai people. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from 496 Thai respondents. The frequency distribution, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. It was found that among thirteen channels, the majority of the respondents were exposed to the BCG model information through websites (47.72%), followed by Facebook (45.23%), and the least, to clubhouse and radio (3.73% for both). As for the frequency of exposure, the majority of the respondents were exposed to media for information about the BCG policy model from time to time depending on the occasion, followed by 4-5 times a month, and the least exposed at all times. Regarding the quality of information dissemination, data analysis revealed that the respondents indicated the quality at a moderate level in all aspects. Analysis of the responses of eight questions about the BCG model revealed that the majority of the respondents had a low level of knowledge of the BCG policy model, followed by a moderate level, and a high level of only 2.1%.

The Changing Nature of Irish International Development Policy

Ireland’s involvement in international development has become a significant aspect of its foreign economic policy. Its engagement has moved from priorities that were largely domestically determined in the early 1970s and based on bilateral relationships between Ireland as donor and the recipient programme countries, toward priorities and involvements within a multilateral policy framework. This has come about through Ireland’s increasing engagement with international organizations, particularly the UN and the EU. However as the boundaries blur between Overseas Development Aid (ODA) policy and shared global goals, such as addressing climate breakdown and mitigating the scale of international distributive inequality, this can lead to tensions within countries about the implications of international commitments for the priorities at play in domestic politics. This is evident where Ireland’s ODA-driven commitments in the international field are in tension with domestic policy priorities, but also where tension arises in the area of national economic development policy.

Ontological Modeling of the State Economic Development Policy for Cultural Industries

The article discusses an ontological approach to solving the problem of forming state policy of economic development of cultural and creative industries and the corresponding intellectual-information management systems. The purpose of this article is to develop an effective toolkit (based on ontologies) for making optimal decisions in the field of state regulation of the cultural and creative industries, taking into account the dynamic factors of the external environment. The ontological approach considered in the article assumes the presence of three levels of models: meta-ontology, models of subject areas of cultural and creative industries and models of making appropriate management decisions on the formation of economic development policy of cultural and creative industries. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in the purposeful nature of ontological modeling of such complex system as the state policy of economic development of cultural and creative industries. The system under consideration has certain goals, tasks, resources, processes, factors of influence, risks and other characteristics. These characteristics include, in particular, the structure of the model, the ability to highlight the essential objects of real relations of the considered subject areas, the ability to represent knowledge for the joint work of specialists in computer modeling, the processing of expert knowledge and the generation of management decisions within the framework of the corresponding intellectual-information systems.

China’s new five year plan and its economic policy changes

In accordance with longstanding tradition, China approved its 14th Five-Year National Plan for Economic and Social Development in2021-2025 in March this year. The national plan emphasizes innovation, production, technology, and security, and sets a long-term goal for 2035. The key to the successful implementation of the national plan is to expand its domestic demand, which will be the main driver of economic growth in the future. However, there are several challenges China may face in implementing its national plan such as insufficient incomes of households, ineffective use of resource, global pandemic and China-U.S. rivalry.The first part of the article outlines the main objectives, strategies, and characteristics of China’s new five-year national plan, the second part analyzes the changes in the country’s economic development policy, and the third part discusses the challenges and feasibility of the plan. In the final part, the author shares his views on the potential implications of China’s new national plan on the Mongolian economy and the issues to be addressed. БНХАУ-ын шинэ таван жилийн төлөвлөгөө, эдийн засгийн бодлогын өөрчлөлт Хураангуй: БНХАУ уламжлалт ёсоороо энэ оны 3 дугаар сард 2021-2025 онд эдийн засаг, нийгмийг хөгжүүлэх XIV таван жилийнтөлөвлөгөөгөө баталлаа. Уг төлөвлөгөө шинэтгэл, үйлдвэрлэл, технологи, аюулгүй байдлыг чухалчилж, мөн 2035 оныг хүртэлх урт хугацааны зорилтыг дэвшүүлснээрээ онцлог байна. Төлөвлөгөөгөө амжилттай хэрэгжүүлэх түлхүүр бодлого нь дотоодын зах зээлийг эрчимжүүлж эдийн засгийн өсөлтийн үндсэн хөдөлгөгч хүч болгох бөгөөд өрхүүдийн орлого хангалттай өндөр бус, нөөц ашиглалтын үр өгөөж тааруу, цар тахал, Хятад Америкийн сөргөлдөөн зэрэг багагүй сорилт тулгарч буй. Энэхүү өгүүллийн эхний хэсэгт Хятадын шинэ таван жилийн төлөвлөгөөний голлох зорилт, стратеги, онцлогийг дурдаж, хоёрдугаар хэсэгт тус улсын эдийн засгийн хөгжлийн бодлогод гарч буй өөрчлөлтөд дүн шинжилгээ хийн, гуравдугаар хэсэгт тулгарч буй сорилт, биелэгдэх боломжийн талаар авч үзэж, төгсгөлд нь Монгол Улсын эдийн засагт үзүүлж болох нөлөө, анхаарах асуудлын тухайд санал бодлоо хуваалцлаа. Түлхүүр үг: XIV таван жилийн төлөвлөгөө, хос эргэлт стратеги, сорилт ба боломж, нөлөө