Investigating the determinants of successful budgeting with SVM and Binary models

Learning the determinants of successful project budgeting is crucial. This research attempts toempirically find the determinants of a successful budget. To find this, this work applied threedifferent supervised machine learning algorithms for classification: Support Vector Machine(SVM), Logistic regression, and Probit regression with data from 470 projects. Five featureshave been selected: coordination, participation, budget control, communication, andmotivation. The SVM analysis results showed that SVM could predict successful and failedbudgets with fairly good accuracy. The results from Logistic and Probit regression showed thatif managers properly focus on coordination, participation, budget control, and communication,the probability of success in project-budget increases.

Stewardship Accounting Practice by Government Ministries in Cameroon

The study examined the practice of stewardship accounting by Government Ministries in Cameroon. It investigated how inclusive budget planning, timely budget execution, stringent budget control, and resolute scrutiny of government financial statements, affect the government stewardship accounting practice. To archive this, primary data collected from members of parliament were analysed, and regressed using the Ordinary Least Squares technique. The empirical results therefrom were of positive and statistical significance. They revealed that stringent budget control, and resolute scrutiny of government financial reports, significantly improve the practice of stewardship accounting in the Government Ministries. It was recommended that the government of Cameroon should frankly facilitate the participation of parliamentarians, civil society organisations, advocacy groups, and the citizens, in the budget preparation and execution processes. Such sincere participation invokes debates on problematic trade-offs and opportunity costs which are crucial in improving the wellbeing of Cameroonians. It was further recommended that parliamentarians should effectively play their role as representatives of the Cameroonian people, not withstanding their political inclinations. Consequently, they will not falter in their responsibility to resolutely scrutinise and authorise the budgets, and hold the Government and its Ministries fully accountable. The last recommendation was that Article 66 of the Cameroon Constitution (lying dormant since 2006) be put into practice. Article 66 provides for the declaration of assets by senior government officials, and others elected or appointed, at the beginning and at the end of their office tenures.

How to improve the efficiency of budget control?

The article is devoted to analysis of current indicators of control efficiency in the budgetary sphere, main directions of the reform of control and supervisory activity (hereinafter — CSA), held in Russia since 2009, as well as objective obstacles to the successful implementation of the reforms in the budget sphere. According to the author, in the budget sphere, the general ideology of the CSA reform does not work well, since the amount of violations detected by the control bodies is not equal to the amount of damage caused to the budget. The author comes to the conclusion that the main reason for the low efficiency of control in the budget sphere is the latent nature of embezzlement of budget funds, as a result of which such embezzlement is usually qualified as «inefficient use of budget funds», which excludes liability and recovery of damage caused to the budget. According to the author, the effectiveness of control in the budget sphere can be improved by shifting the focus from subsequent control to preliminary control, which should be carried out mainly by automated means, as well as by introducing a certain form of responsibility of officials for the «inefficiency» of their activities.

Analisis Peranan Anggaran Sebagai Alat Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Biaya Proyek Pada CV. Anugerah Jaya Surabaya

Budget is the most important tool in planning and controlling the company to achieve its goals. In implementing the project cost budget compiled by CV. Anugerah Jaya for the project did not carry out analysis of variance, so it is not known what caused the adverse variance to occur. The project cost budget prepared by the company is not used as a basis for evaluating or measuring company performance and besides that the absence of rewards given to job executors and other employees is one of the reasons for the lack of budget control. So it is necessary to analyze the role of the budget as a planning and controlling tool project costs at CV. Anugerah Jaya Surabaya. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method on CV. Anugerah Jaya Surabaya. The data used are obtained from observations, interviews and documentation of internal company data. Using triangulation techniques that combine various data collection techniques and existing data sources to check the validity of the data. The analysis technique used is to analyze the data and compare with the theory in accordance with the existing problems. From the results of this research it can be concluded that the application of the budget as a tool for planning and controlling project costs at CV. Anugerah Jaya is still not running optimally. This is due to no price updates on materials, no rewards and punishments applied to the company, no work implementation reports, no proper variance analysis reports and no follow-up on deviations that occur.Keywords : Budget; Planning; Controlling; Project Cost; Analysis of Variance. Anggaran merupakan alat yang paling penting dalam perencanaan dan pengendalian perusahaan untuk mencapai tujuannya.Dalam pelakasanaan anggaran biaya proyek yang disusun oleh CV. Anugerah Jaya untuk proyek tidak dilakukan analisis varians sehingga tidak diketahui apa yang menyebabkan varians yang merugikan itu terjadi. Anggaran biaya proyek yang disusun oleh perusahaan tidak digunakan sebagai dasar evaluasi atau pengukur kinerja perusahaan dan selain itu tidak adanya reward yang diberikan kepada pelaksana pekerjaan dan karyawan lain menjadi salah satu sebab kurangnya pengendalian anggaran.Maka perlu dilakukan analisa mengenai peranan anggaran sebagai alat perencanaan dan pengendalian biaya proyek pada CV. Anugerah Jaya Surabaya.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus pada CV. Anugerah Jaya Surabaya.Data yang digunakan diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi data intern perusahaan.Menggunakan teknik triangulasi yang bersifat menggabungkan dari berbagai teknik pengumpulan data dan sumber data yang telah ada untuk memeriksa keabsahan data.Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah dengan menganalisis data dan membandingkan dengan teori yang sesuai dengan permasalahan yang ada.Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan anggaran sebagai alat perencanaan dan pengendalian biaya proyek pada CV. Anugerah Jaya masih belum berjalan secara optimal.Hal ini dikarenakan tidak dilakukan update harga pada material, belum adanya reward dan punishment yang diterapkan pada perusahaan, tidak adanya laporan pelaksanaan pekerjaan, tidak membuat laporan analisis variance dengan tepat dan belum adanya tindak lanjut terhadap penyimpangan yang terjadi. Kata Kunci : Anggaran; Perencanaan; Pengendalian; Biaya Proyek; Analisis Variance.

Project Management of Lightning Protection Innovative Design

Lightning protection is becoming more and more important because the climate has changed in recent years and lightning occurs frequently. Given the lightning accidents in these years, this study adopted a new lightning protection device, increased deployment of lightning arresters, solved the problem that the lightning arresters cannot automatically exit the original lightning protection system after penetration. By optimizing the design of the lightning protection system, this study increased the system, reduced the occurrence and damage of lightning accidents. Statistics about the application of the system in an oil production plant show that the system has improved the plant’s economic gains. The investment decisionmaking, budget control, phased evaluation and calculation of the innovative project of the lightning protection system have been analyzed in depth. The engineering cost of each item, including the innovative techniques and the application of lightning protection systems, in the project was calculated separately, which improved the cost management of the innovative project.