A Critical Examination of the State versus Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the Policy Sphere in the Global South: Will the State Die as the NGOs Thrive in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia?

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sat Obiyan
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract This paper examines the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in service provision with a special focus on Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. First, it reviews the conceptual and taxonomic issues in NGOs. It then proceeds to examine the performance of NGOs in some countries. The paper notes the increased relevance of NGOs in many countries. It, however, argues that any expectation that the NGOs will supplant the state in service provision is likely to be utopian. It contends that just as we have government failure and market failure, we can also have third sector failure. The paper argues for an appropriate balance between the state and NGOs in meeting the needs of the poor. It concludes that while it may be necessary to continue to strengthen the private sector and the third sector, it would be useful to continue to inquire into how the state can be effective.

TRACING THE SEED: SEED DIFFUSION OF IMPROVED POTATO VARIETIES THROUGH FARMERS’ NETWORKS IN CHENCHA, ETHIOPIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
YENENESH TADESSE ◽  
CONNY J.M. ALMEKINDERS ◽  
ROGIER P.O. SCHULTE ◽  
PAUL C. STRUIK
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Sub Saharan

SUMMARYThere are many prerequisites for potato production to meet its full potential as a food security crop for subsistence farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. One of these is the introduction of improved varieties. Traditionally, the introduction of new varieties is by government agencies or Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). To understand the diffusion of seed tubers (seeds) of new potato varieties in farmer networks, we analysed social factors influencing the sharing of seed of improved potato varieties amongst farmers in Chencha, Ethiopia. We interviewed 166 farmers and analysed 146 seed transactions. We used seed flow mapping to visualize seed sharing amongst farmers. We found that the social networks of farmers are differentiated by wealth, gender and religion, and that this differentiation affects the dispersion of new varieties through the farming communities: Wealthier farmers shared seed tubers most frequently and poor farmers did not share seed at all. Seed sharing was influenced by, but not restricted to, gender and religion categories. Most sharing was with relatives (as gifts) and neighbours (in exchange for labour). There weas no equal access to seed for all households because of (i) the targeting of the better off farmers by the NGO (ii) differences in frequency of sharing and (iii) terms and motivation of the transactions. Our results show that wealthy farmers most effectively multiply and share the seed of new varieties with medium wealthy and poor farmers. This study shows that for the introduction of new technologies into a community, its dynamics of social differentiation need to be understood.

scholarly journals Informal Cross Border Trade as a Substratum Marketing System: A Review and Conceptual Framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldrede Kahiya ◽  
Djavlonbek Kadirov
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
System A ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Sub Saharan

© The Author(s) 2020. We provide a literature review and a conceptual framework on informal cross border trade in Sub-Saharan Africa. Informal cross border trade (ICBT) refers to commercial exchanges conducted across borders by individuals operating as unregistered sole traders. ICBT is a burgeoning part of the informal markets in Sub-Saharan Africa and its existence and persistence carry substantial socio-economic implications. We use “summarizing” and “delineating” techniques to discuss seven themes of ICBT, and cast them as the manifestations of a substratum marketing system - a foundational structure instead of an auxiliary system. We underline implications for scholarship and for policymakers and non-governmental organizations charged with formulating initiatives to manage both ICBT and formal markets.

scholarly journals Funding paediatric surgery procedures in sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian O Ekenze
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Paediatric Surgery ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Mean Cost

BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, there is a growing awareness of the burden of paediatric surgical diseases. This has highlighted the large discrepancy between the capacity to treat and the ability to afford treatment, and the effect of this problem on access to care. This review focuses on the sources and challenges of funding paediatric surgical procedures in sub-Saharan Africa. MethodsWe undertook a search for studies published between January 2007 and November 2016 that reported the specific funding of paediatric surgical procedures and were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Abstract screening, full-text review and data abstraction were completed and resulting data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. ResultsThirty-five studies met our inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The countries that were predominantly emphasized in the publications reviewed were Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Ghana and Uganda. The paediatric surgical procedures involved general paediatric surgery/urology, cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, oncology, plastics, ophthalmology, orthopaedics and otorhinolaryngology. The mean cost of these procedures ranged from 60 to 21,140 United States Dollars (USD). The source of funding for these procedures was mostly out-of-pocket payments (OOPs) by the patient’s family in 32 studies, (91.4%) and medical mission/non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in 21 (60%) studies. This pattern did not differ appreciably between the articles published in the initial and latter 5 years of the study period, although there was a trend towards a reduction in OOP funding. Improvements in healthcare funding by individual countries supported by international organizations and charities were the predominant suggested solutions to challenges in funding.ConclusionWhile considering the potential limitations created by diversity in study design, the reviewed publications indicate that funding for paediatric surgical procedures in sub-Saharan Africa is mostly by OOPs made by families of the patients. This may result in limited access to some procedures. Coordinated efforts, and collaboration between individual countries and international agencies, may help to reduce OOP funding and thus improve access to critical procedures.

Does Training Make a Difference? Evaluating Journalism Training Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya Schiffrin ◽  
Michael Behrman
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Evidence Of Impact

Media in much of sub-Saharan Africa are severely constrained by lack of resources, government pressure, the influence of media ownership, and the quality of secondary education and professional education. In many countries, newspapers are unable to perform the role of watchdog or to educate the public effectively, in part because of difficulties faced by their journalists. Into the breach have stepped myriad foreign, journalism training organizations. Some are non-governmental organizations with a development agenda that seek to promote education about their causes. Others are training arms of professional media groups or organizations that work on journalism education. As with most foreign donor-funded development programs, evidence of impact is expected. But very little academic research exists on evaluation of journalism training programs. Two new studies deployed content analysis and interviews with trained journalists to assess training's effectiveness.

scholarly journals Advancing the New Communications Framework for HIV/AIDS: The Communicative Constitution of HIV/AIDS Networks in Tanzania’s HIV/AIDS NGO Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
James O. Olufowote ◽  
Johnson S. Aranda ◽  
Guoyu E. Wang ◽  
Danni Liao
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Communicative Constitution ◽  
Normative Models ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Although health communication research on HIV/AIDS has acknowledged the work of HIV/AIDS non-governmental organizations (NGOs), we know little about how such NGOs are collaborating in their response to the epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). UNAIDS estimated that over two-thirds of world-wide HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths take place in SSA and normative models have highlighted organizational collaborations as an important part of the response to public health risks and crises. This study advanced the New Communications Framework for HIV/AIDS by drawing on a constitutive model of communication to develop a discursive perspective on HIV/AIDS NGO collaborations. Analyses of interviews with 36 leaders of Tanzanian HIV/AIDS NGOs resulted in (a) networks of organizations of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and (b) networks expressing the following identities: as single entities that unify PLWHA organizations in/across administrative divisions, as structures for reaching grassroots PLWHA and facilitating their participation in decision-making forums at various scales, and as vehicles for various social impacts such as advocacy for PLWHA.

scholarly journals Informal Cross Border Trade as a Substratum Marketing System: A Review and Conceptual Framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldrede Kahiya ◽  
Djavlonbek Kadirov
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
System A ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Sub Saharan

© The Author(s) 2020. We provide a literature review and a conceptual framework on informal cross border trade in Sub-Saharan Africa. Informal cross border trade (ICBT) refers to commercial exchanges conducted across borders by individuals operating as unregistered sole traders. ICBT is a burgeoning part of the informal markets in Sub-Saharan Africa and its existence and persistence carry substantial socio-economic implications. We use “summarizing” and “delineating” techniques to discuss seven themes of ICBT, and cast them as the manifestations of a substratum marketing system - a foundational structure instead of an auxiliary system. We underline implications for scholarship and for policymakers and non-governmental organizations charged with formulating initiatives to manage both ICBT and formal markets.

scholarly journals The neglected role of Faith-based Organizations in prevention and control of COVID-19 in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 784-786
Author(s):  
Phesheya Ndumiso Vilakati ◽  
Simone Villa ◽  
Riccardo Alagna ◽  
Bongani Khumalo ◽  
Sarah Tshuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed health system weaknesses of economically wealthy countries with advanced technologies. COVID-19 is now moving fast across Africa where small outbreaks have been reported so far. There is a concern that with the winter transmission will grow rapidly. Despite efforts of African Governments to promptly establish mitigating measures, rural areas, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, risk being neglected. In those settings, faith-based and other non-governmental organizations, if properly equipped and supported, can play a crucial role in slowing the spread of COVID-19. We describe our experience in two rural health facilities in eSwatini and Ethiopia highlighting the struggle towards preparedness and the urgency of international support to help prevent a major public health disaster.

scholarly journals Informal Cross Border Trade as a Substratum Marketing System: A Review and Conceptual Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-109
Author(s):  
Eldrede Kahiya ◽  
Djavlonbek Kadirov
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
System A ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Sub Saharan

We provide a literature review and a conceptual framework on informal cross border trade in Sub-Saharan Africa. Informal cross border trade (ICBT) refers to commercial exchanges conducted across borders by individuals operating as unregistered sole traders. ICBT is a burgeoning part of the informal markets in Sub-Saharan Africa and its existence and persistence carry substantial socio-economic implications. We use “summarizing” and “delineating” techniques to discuss seven themes of ICBT, and cast them as the manifestations of a substratum marketing system - a foundational structure instead of an auxiliary system. We underline implications for scholarship and for policymakers and non-governmental organizations charged with formulating initiatives to manage both ICBT and formal markets.

INTERACTION BETWEEN STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
М.М. Muratova ◽  
◽  
М. Onuchko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Third Sector ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Civil Sector

This article is devoted to the study of the international and Kazakhstani experience of building, regulation of relations between the state and civil society institutions, the definition of modern directions for the development of the third sector of Kazakhstan, as well as barriers and constraints that impede the transformation of relations between government bodies and non-profit organizations. In the framework of the study the experience of European states was taken, as countries that in historical perspective have the greatest experience in establishing relationships with the civil sector. On the basis of the study, the authors identified general tendencies that characterize the relations between the state and civil society, which are expressed in the strengthening of support for the third sector, the managerial and controlling functions of civil society institutions, as well as the replacement of some areas of activity of state bodies by non-governmental organizations.

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