Hydrocarbon Humanitarianism: Ibrahim Shihata, ‘Oil Aid’, and Resource Sovereignty

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Umut Özsu
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
International Development ◽  
Financial Aid ◽  
Third World ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
State System ◽  
State Distribution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Special Fund ◽  
The Third World

Abstract This article revisits Ibrahim Shihata’s role in developing the financial aid policies of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) after the formal inauguration of the New International Economic Order project (NIEO) in 1974. As director of the OPEC Special Fund, subsequently the OPEC Fund for International Development, after its establishment in 1976, Shihata spearheaded the development of the organization’s aid policies. He also defended the NIEO as a set of sensible reform measures for redistributing wealth, resources, and technology. This article contends that Shihata’s vigorous defence of OPEC’s aid record aimed to demonstrate that the NIEO – an enterprise OPEC supported – involved not simply structural reform of the inter-state system but direct engagement with questions of intra-state distribution, and that OPEC aid was designed partly to keep the ‘Third World bloc’ from disintegrating due to the growing distance between oil-producing and non-oil-producing countries.

Foreign Debt and Prospects for Growth in Africa During the 1980s

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebayo Adedeji
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Third World ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Third World

One of the major objectives sought by the New International Economic Order is to secure favourable conditions for the transfer of resources to the Third World, and to ensure that they are fully utilised for the development of the countries concerned.1 However, the unprecedented growth of the global economy since World War II has not been equitably distributed between the rich and poor nations. Unfortunately, within this international scenario, the increasing external indebtedness of the latter has had, and still has, wide-ranging domestic implications that have rocked the foundations on which many African economies stand.

A reply

1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Krasner
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Third World ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Policy Prescription ◽  
Liberal Policy

Marc Williams' ‘The Third World and global reform’ raises several fundamental questions about my analysis of the Third World's quest for a New International Economic Order. His most serious criticisms are that I (1) misunderstood the relationship between politics and economics; (2) covertly endorse an orthodox liberal policy prescription for the North; and (3) mis-state the implications that can be drawn from data on the economic situation of developing countries. I will address each of these issues.

New International Economic Order and Strategy for the Use of Financial Surpluses of Developing Countries

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Amin
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Third World ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
The West ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

In this brief paper, the author shows how the Third World demand for a New International Economic Order (in other words, a more sensible and equitable revision of the existing international division of labour) is consistent, not only within itself, but also with the principle professed by the West itself (viz. that the purpose of division of labour is to make the best use of factor endowments to ensure maximum profitability and common good). In rejecting the demand, the West is repudiating its own conventional wisdom. Aware that implicit in the demand for an international redivision of labour is a demand for international redivision of political power (to which the West, long used to a position of dominance, is not likely to agree willingly), the author suggests a strategy for the Third World to wage its struggle, severally and collectively, on both the political and the economic planes.

International Relations: General: G.H. Jansen: Militant Islam. Pan Books, London. 1979, 224 p., £1.25.

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-445
Author(s):  
M. S. Agwani ◽  
P. R. Chari ◽  
A. N. Abhyankar
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
New York ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Third World ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hoover Institution ◽  
The Third World ◽  
First World

Roger D. Speed : Strategic Deterrence in the 1980's. Hoover Institution Press, Stanford, California, 1979, 174 p., $7.95. Karl Brunner, Ed.: The First World and the Third World: Essays on the New International Economic Order. University of Rochester, New York, 1978, 270p., $9.95.

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