Iceland, Whaling and the U.S. Pelly Amendment: The International Trade Law Context

1997 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Commercial Whaling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Measures ◽  
The U.S

AbstractIceland, a non-member of the International Whaling Commission, is considering a return to commercial whaling. It is inevitable that should Iceland recommence commercial whaling that the United States, pursuant to the Pelly Amendment, will threaten the imposition of trade measures against Iceland.This contribution examines the impact on all nations, most particularly the whaling nations, of both a U.S. decision not to impose an embargo against Iceland and a U.S. decision to impose an embargo against Iceland. In either scenario whaling nations have good reason to be concerned.

scholarly journals The Nature of Remedies in International Trade Law

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungjoon Cho
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S

On August 30, 2002, the World Trade Organization (WTO) authorized the European Communities (EC) to suspend its tariff concessions and other obligations toward the United States to the extent of U.S. $4 billion for the latter’s failure to comply with the Appellate Body’s decision that the United States had violated the WTO rules, in particular, the WTO Subsidy Code by providing the prohibited subsidies to foreign sales corporations (FSCs) in the form of tax breaks (the FSC Article 22.6 Report). The sheer scale of the EC’s suspension in response to the U.S. violation is unprecedented, far surpassing the suspensions authorized in two previous cases that invoked the WTO enforcement mechanism, Banana III and Hormones. At first glance, this dramatic finale for such a high-profile case might be welcomed as an impressive revelation of the real achievement of the WTO system equipped with teeth, unlike its predecessor the old GATT.

scholarly journals Next Steps Might Be Considered by Joe Biden for the Development of International Trade Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1372-1375
Author(s):  
Md. Habib Alam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trade Deals

The United States of America is a part of the globalization of international trade law. The USA is known as a leading global trader among all nations. The President of the USA plays a vital role in the development of international trade law. On 8 November 2016, Donald Trump was elected as president of the United States of America. Donald Trump engaged in different trade deals and policies with different countries and international institutions. The trade deals and policies are withdrawal from TPP, reshaping NAFTA, reforming WTO, and imposing tariffs on foreign goods. On 8 November 2020, CNN commented, Joe Biden will be the next president of the USA. Many scholars expressed different thoughts relating to the reforming international trade law by Joe Biden. The main aim of Joe Biden will be to remove trade barriers and end artificial trade wars with different foreign nations. My research will suggest how Joe Biden may overcome these issues for the betterment of the international trade law around the world.

“America First” and the Return of Economic Isolationism and Nationalism to the United States: A Historic Turning Point for International Trade Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 223-255
Author(s):  
GENEVIÈVE DUFOUR ◽  
DELPHINE DUCASSE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
History Of

AbstractAmerican trade policy under the Trump administration can be summed up in one expression, “America First,” which the US president himself has repeated many times. Driven by a rejection of multilateralism, the United States has adopted numerous measures designed to maintain or stimulate domestic industry or to tighten economic policies both domestically and towards foreign trading partners. Reflecting isolationist and nationalist economic theories, these measures are the anchor for a return of economic frontiers to the United States. Yet the United States is at the heart of globalization and cannot completely isolate itself without risking an economic meltdown. This is all the more true since it has been the driving force behind the creation of the multilateral trading system since the end of the Second World War. This change of economic vision by one of the world’s greatest powers can only be a turning point in the recent history of international economic relations. As such, one may wonder whether America First and the set of measures adopted in its name also foreshadow a phase of retreat for international trade law or whether, on the contrary, they are an opportunity for reform of an area of the law that has been struggling to evolve for several decades.

scholarly journals The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement: A Glimpse into The Geoeconomic World Order

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Puig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Era ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
United States Mexico ◽  
Trade Deals

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) differs in a few important ways from prior trade deals signed by the United States but reveals a glimpse of the infrastructure for a new era in international economic governance. This new “Geoeconomic World Order,” will be characterized by great power rivalry between the United States and China, the intense use of protectionist tools to achieve strategic and political goals, and the diminished role of legal adjudication. This approach to trade policy will likely outlast the autocratic and/or nationalistic governments emerging around the world, including the current Trump administration. While international trade law will recover, it will look different in key respects—it will be less multilateral, predictable, justiciable, and enforceable. This more transactional view of international trade law implies a limit on the role of law and an increase in the use of power. It may force a retrenchment of international interdependence and a revival of zones of influence prevalent during the Cold War era.

THE INFLUENCE OF SCOTTISH ACCOUNTANTS IN THE UNITED STATES: THE EARLY CASE OF THE SOCIETY OF ACCOUNTANTS IN EDINBURGH

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. LEE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Research Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Case ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chartered Accountants ◽  
The U.S

This study represents part of a long-term research program to investigate the influence of U.K. accountants on the development of professional accountancy in other parts of the world. It examines the impact of a small group of Scottish chartered accountants who emigrated to the U.S. in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Set against a general theory of emigration, the study's main results reveal the significant involvement of this group in the founding and development of U.S. accountancy. The influence is predominantly with respect to public accountancy and its main institutional organizations. Several of the individuals achieved considerable eminence in U.S. public accountancy.

scholarly journals International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment as Innovation Factors of the U.S. Economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Tomasz M. Napiórkowski
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Main Portion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The aim of this research is to asses the hypothesis that foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade have had a positive impact on innovation in one of the most significant economies in the world, the United States (U.S.). To do so, the author used annual data from 1995 to 2010 to build a set of econometric models. In each model, 11 in total) the number of patent applications by U.S. residents is regressed on inward FDI stock, exports and imports of the economy as a collective, and in each of the 10 SITC groups separately. Although the topic of FDI is widely covered in the literature, there are still disagreements when it comes to the impact of foreign direct investment on the host economy [McGrattan, 2011]. To partially address this gap, this research approaches the host economy not only as an aggregate, but also as a sum of its components (i.e., SITC groups), which to the knowledge of this author has not yet been done on the innovation-FDI-trade plane, especially for the U.S. Unfortunately, the study suffers from the lack of available data. For example, the number of patents and other used variables is reported in the aggregate and not for each SITC groups (e.g., trade). As a result, our conclusions regarding exports and imports in a specific SITC category (and the total) impact innovation in the U.S. is reported in the aggregate. General notions found in the literature are first shown and discussed. Second, the dynamics of innovation, trade and inward FDI stock in the U.S. are presented. Third, the main portion of the work, i.e. the econometric study, takes place, leading to several policy applications and conclusions.

scholarly journals Language and translation practices of Spanish-language newspapers published in the U.S. borderlands between 1808 and 1930

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gasca Jiménez ◽  
Maira E. Álvarez ◽  
Sylvia Fernández
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Hispanic American ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This article examines the impact of the anglicizing language policies implemented after the annexation of the U.S. borderlands to the United States on language use by describing the language and translation practices of Spanish-language newspapers published in the U.S. borderlands across different sociohistorical periods from 1808 to 1930. Sixty Hispanic-American newspapers (374 issues) from 1808 to 1980 were selected for analysis. Despite aggressive anglicizing legislation that caused a societal shift of language use from Spanish into English in most borderland states after the annexation, the current study suggests that the newspapers resisted assimilation by adhering to the Spanish language in the creation of original content and in translation.

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