Geographic distribution of Gnamptogenys hartmani (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), an agro-predator that attacks fungus-growing ants

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Wetterer
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Specialist Predator ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fungus Growing Ants

Gnamptogenys hartmani is a specialist predator that attacks colonies of fungus-growing ants. To examine the biogeography of G. hartmani, I compiled specimen records of G. hartmani from 36 sites, and records of Gnamptogenys bruchi (a possible junior synonym) from seven sites. Records of Gnamptogenys hartmani ranged from Lucky, Louisiana (32.2°N) in the north to Villa Nougués, Argentina (26.9°S) in the south. If G. bruchi proves to be a synonym of G. hartmani, this would extend the known range as far south as Alta Gracia, Argentina (31.7°S). In the US, G. hartmani populations are known only from Texas and Louisiana, yet there is much apparently suitable habitat along the Gulf coast of Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. Given the remarkable scarcity of G. hartmani records throughout its known range, it remains possible that G. hartmani populations occur all along the Gulf coast of the US, but have been overlooked.

Geographic range of Pachycondyla harpax (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kelly Wetterer
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Us States ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ponerine Ant

Pachycondyla harpax (Fabricius) is a widespread and conspicuous New World ponerine ant (subfamily Ponerinae). To examine the geographic distribution of P. harpax, I compiled and mapped published and unpublished specimen records from >1500 sites. I documented the earliest known P. harpax records for 28 geographic areas (countries, West Indian islands, and US states), including four for which I found no previously published records: the islands of Guadeloupe, Margarita, and Tobago and the US state of Georgia. Pachycondyla harpax has been recorded from every country in South and Central America except Chile and Uruguay. Pachycondyla harpax is also now known from six West Indian islands: Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Margarita, Trinidad, and Tobago. The known continental range of P. harpax appears to be essentially continuous, extending from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil in the south (31.8°S) to Wood County, Texas in the north (32.8°N), including the continental islands of Margarita, Tobago, and Trinidad. Isolated island populations of P. harpax on Grenada, Guadeloupe, and Jamaica may be exotic, introduced through human commerce. In the US, it is unclear why P. harpax populations are only known from Texas, Louisiana, and Georgia, when there would appear to be suitable habitat for this species all along the Gulf coast of Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. 

An Inter-American Episode

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Pablo Neruda ◽  
Jose Marti ◽  
The South ◽  
American Reader ◽  
The North ◽  
Literary Theories ◽  
The Us

This chapter focuses on a paradigmatic misencounter between an American experiencer and a Latin American reader. Examining an implicit debate about the sources of Walt Whitman’s poetry and vision of the Americas, I argue that Waldo Frank, one of the twentieth century’s main literary ambassadors from the US to Latin America, positioned Whitman as the representative US writer whose antibookish experiential aesthetics could serve as a model for “American” writers both in the North and in the South. I show how Frank’s framework provided a foil for Borges’s idiosyncratic view that Whitman’s poetry about America derived entirely from his readings of European and US writers. Although much of the best scholarship on Whitman’s reception in Latin America has concentrated on poets like José Martí and Pablo Neruda, who adapted Whitman’s naturalism, I contend that Borges’s iconoclastic portrait of Whitman as a reader profoundly influenced a range of anti-experiential literary theories and practices in Latin America.

US Hegemony in Korean Studies and the Soviet Role in Early Postwar Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-395
Author(s):  
Kathryn Weathersby
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Korean History ◽  
American Occupation ◽  
Korean Studies ◽  
The North ◽  
Soviet Occupation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Hegemony

This paper examines some of the ways the US-centric framework of Anglophone Korean studies has distorted scholarship on post-colonial Korean history. First, an over-emphasis on the American role in the division of Korea has exaggerated the possibility that the US and USSR could have compromised to create a unified government for the peninsula. The Soviet documentary record reveals that Moscow was determined to obstruct such an outcome if it endangered Soviet security. Second, by focusing on the serious damage the American occupation inflicted on the South, scholars have understated the control Soviet occupation authorities exercised in the North.

scholarly journals Ecological impact and spread of an invasive paper wasp in New Zealand (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Howse
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Paper Wasp ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
The South ◽  
The North

<p><b>Social wasps are considered among the most successful and impactful invasive species in the world. One species, Polistes dominula has spread from its native Mediterranean range to every continent except Antarctica. This wasp reached New Zealand in the last decade where it has established in the north of the South Island, however, reports of its presence are increasing throughout the country. Due to its recent arrival in New Zealand, little is known about where this species is likely to establish or what impacts it may have on local insect communities. In this thesis, I conducted two studies to investigate these questions, providing valuable information that may inform future management of this invasive species. </b></p><p>In chapter 2, I used two bioclimatic modelling methods to predict areas of suitable habitat across four regions in the southern hemisphere. These models were informed by global temperature and precipitation data as well as global distribution occurrence data of P. dominula. These data were used to estimate conditions most highly correlated with the presence of this wasp. The models identified large areas across the target regions that were climatically suitable for the establishment of P. dominula. Many of these areas are not known to currently contain populations of this species, representing habitat potentially vulnerable to further invasion by P. dominula. Areas across South America, South Africa and Australia were predicted to be climatically suitable. In New Zealand, much of the North Island and eastern parts of the South Island were predicted to be suitable habitat for this wasp. These results suggest that P. dominula could potentially establish across more of the country and expand its invaded range. Information provided by these models may guide conservation and biosecurity management by highlighting key areas where prevention and mitigation should be prioritized. </p><p>In chapter 3, I used molecular diet analysis to investigate the range of prey being utilised by P. dominula in New Zealand. Using DNA barcoding, larval gut contents of P. dominula and another closely related species, Polistes chinensis, were analysed to identify what species were present in the diet of both wasps. Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) were found to be the most highly represented order in both species’ diets. True bugs (Hemiptera) and flies (Diptera) were also abundant. Both wasps were shown to consume a range of native and introduced species including a number of agricultural pests. P. dominula was found to utilise a wider range of prey than P. chinensis. This more diverse prey range, combined with known differences in nesting behaviour, suggest that P. dominula may represent a more significant threat to invertebrate diversity than the already well-established P. chinensis. These results may inform conservation and biosecurity managers on which species are most at risk where this new invasive wasp becomes established. </p><p>This thesis provides insights into the potential impacts of a new invasive species to New Zealand. Both chapters represent the first time that these methods have been used to study P. dominula. This work highlights the need for continued monitoring of wasp populations throughout New Zealand, especially in regions highlighted as vulnerable to P. dominula establishment. We also suggest the need to prioritise the conservation of ‘at-risk’ species in coastal and human-altered habitats. Increased public engagement through the citizen-science initiatives should be encouraged while more research into management and control methods is recommended.</p>

Revision of the Afrotropical crab-spider genus Parabomis Kulczyński, 1901 (Araneae: Thomisidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4899 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
ANNA S. DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN ◽  
STEFAN H. FOORD
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Crab Spider

The Afrotropical spider genus Parabomis Kulczyński, 1901 is revised. Members of Parabomis are some of the smallest thomisids known, and occur from Eritrea in the north of Africa to South Africa in the south, but are absent from Madagascar. Prior to this study, three species were known, namely P. levanderi Kulczyński, 1901 (Eritrea, ♂), P. martini Lessert, 1919 (Tanzania, ♂♀) and P. anabensis Lawrence, 1928 (Namibia, ♀). Parabomis anabensis sp. nov. is here recognized as a junior synonym of P. martini and four new species are described: P. elsae sp. nov. from South Africa (♂♀), P. megae sp. nov. from Zimbabwe (♂♀), P. pilosus sp. nov. from Botswana (♂♀) and P. wandae sp. nov. from Ghana (♂♀). A key to the six species is provided. The monotypic Afrotropical genus Felsina Simon, 1895, only known from its type species, F. granulum Simon, 1895, resembles Parabomis closely is known only from juveniles. 

scholarly journals Geographic distribution of HBsAg subtypes in Brazil

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Coimbra Gaspar ◽  
Clara Fumiko Tachibana Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Predominant Subtype ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
The Difference

HBsAg positive serum samples (896) from five brazilian regions were analysed for HBsAg subtypes. The presence of five different subtypes (ayw2, ayw3, ayw4, adw2 and adw4) was detected. In Northern region subtypes adw4 (41.2%) and adw2 (37.2%) were predominant. In the North East only subtype adw2 was encountered. In Central West, South-East and South, subtypes ayw2, ayw3, adw2 and adw4 were present, with predominance of adw2 in Central West and South East (84.3% and 69.4% respectively) whereas in the South the predominant subtype was ayw3 (41.9%) followed by ayw2 (36.4%). Subtypes ayw1, ayr and adr were not found among the samples studied. These results show the difference in the incidence of HBsAg subtypes in the different regions of Brazil and their significance in relation to the colonization and migrations in this country.

Crustal attenuation from USArray ML amplitude tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Thomas M Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Seismic Attenuation ◽  
High Attenuation ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Us ◽  
Geothermal Activity ◽  
The Us

SUMMARY Seismic attenuation across the US is estimated using station ML magnitude data from the USArray. Station magnitudes are recalibrated back to amplitude and back projected in a 2-D tomography. Data represent the amplitudes of the horizontal components of the Lg phase. The western US shows regions of very high attenuation and contrasts with the lesser attenuation of the eastern US. Individual attenuation anomalies can be clearly tied to regional geology. Station gains show broad regional variations that match geographic regions. Most of the high-attenuation areas are regions of high geothermal activity suggesting that intrinsic attenuation dominates over scattering attenuation. An exception is the central San Andreas Fault zone because it lacks any localized heat-flow anomaly. The US east of the Rocky Mountains is bland and contains none of the high-attenuation regions of the western US. Instead, the central US has low-attenuation patches that do not obviously correspond to geologic province. Sediments of the Gulf Coast Plain, Willison Basin and Michigan Basin do show up as intermediate attenuation while the Illinois Basin, Appalachian Basin and other basins are not apparent. In Alaska, attenuation is generally less than the western US, but still much greater than the eastern US. In southeast Alaska, the Wrangell Volcanic Field causes a sizeable high-attenuation zone. The volcanic Aleutian Mountains also have high attenuation. However, moderate to high attenuation also correlates with the tertiary sedimentary basins in Alaska. The North Slope Basin does not seem to attenuate. Thicker crust and mountain roots tend to show less attenuation, if anything, but this correspondence is most likely due to differences in temperature and seismic velocity. Heat, scattering and young sedimentary basins create seismic attenuation in the continental crust.

scholarly journals North–South relations and human rights

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Soosaipillai Keethaponcalan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
Human Rights Standards ◽  
North And South

There are apparent differences between the developed North and the economically weak South. The relations between the North and South are marked by dichotomies and in order to deal with the challenges posed by the South, the North choses control and cooperation. The North uses several instruments including economic assistance to achieve its objectives. One of the new tools that is increasingly taken advantage of is human rights. Although there exists a genuine concern about human rights standards in the South, action on these issues almost always depends on national interest of the states in the North. This paradigm is proved true by the present human rights campaign the United States is undertaking against Sri Lanka in the United Nations Human Rights Council. The US and its Western allies believe that serious human rights violations have been committed during the last phase of the war in Sri Lanka. Promoting accountability and insisting on an international investigation, the US has successfully presented three resolutions on Sri Lanka since 2012. This paper argues that the US action is motivated primarily by its national interest. At the secondary level the US is interested in curtailing what is called the Sri Lanka model of conflict resolution and promoting reconciliation.

Hà Nội's Responses to Beijing's Renewed Enthusiasm to Aid North Vietnam, 1970–1972

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-139
Author(s):  
Kosal Path
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
War Effort ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

Relying on Vietnamese archival documents, this article reveals that Chinese chauvinistic behaviors during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1968) triggered the Vietnamese fear of Chinese expansionism and caused Hà Nội to distrust Beijing's intentions in Indochina. With such fear and distrust, Hà Nội's leaders changed their mind about the desirability of Beijing's proposed redeployment of Chinese volunteers to North Vietnam to confront the US escalation of war in Indochina in the Spring of 1970, despite the fact that they were facing enormous shortage of manpower to meet the dual demand of economic reconstruction in the North and the war effort in the South.

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