US Hegemony in Korean Studies and the Soviet Role in Early Postwar Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-395
Author(s):  
Kathryn Weathersby
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Korean History ◽  
American Occupation ◽  
Korean Studies ◽  
The North ◽  
Soviet Occupation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Hegemony

This paper examines some of the ways the US-centric framework of Anglophone Korean studies has distorted scholarship on post-colonial Korean history. First, an over-emphasis on the American role in the division of Korea has exaggerated the possibility that the US and USSR could have compromised to create a unified government for the peninsula. The Soviet documentary record reveals that Moscow was determined to obstruct such an outcome if it endangered Soviet security. Second, by focusing on the serious damage the American occupation inflicted on the South, scholars have understated the control Soviet occupation authorities exercised in the North.

An Inter-American Episode

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Pablo Neruda ◽  
Jose Marti ◽  
The South ◽  
American Reader ◽  
The North ◽  
Literary Theories ◽  
The Us

This chapter focuses on a paradigmatic misencounter between an American experiencer and a Latin American reader. Examining an implicit debate about the sources of Walt Whitman’s poetry and vision of the Americas, I argue that Waldo Frank, one of the twentieth century’s main literary ambassadors from the US to Latin America, positioned Whitman as the representative US writer whose antibookish experiential aesthetics could serve as a model for “American” writers both in the North and in the South. I show how Frank’s framework provided a foil for Borges’s idiosyncratic view that Whitman’s poetry about America derived entirely from his readings of European and US writers. Although much of the best scholarship on Whitman’s reception in Latin America has concentrated on poets like José Martí and Pablo Neruda, who adapted Whitman’s naturalism, I contend that Borges’s iconoclastic portrait of Whitman as a reader profoundly influenced a range of anti-experiential literary theories and practices in Latin America.

Decolonising cities of the global South in the classroom and beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-552
Author(s):  
Astrid Wood
Keyword(s):  
Global South ◽  
Colonial Literature ◽  
The South ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
North And South

In the post-colonial context, the global South has become the approved nomenclature for the non-European, non-Western parts of the world. The term promises a departure from post-colonial development geographies and from the material and discursive legacies of colonialism by ostensibly blurring the bifurcations between developed and developing, rich and poor, centre and periphery. In concept, the post-colonial literature mitigates the disparity between cities of the North and South by highlighting the achievements of elsewhere. But what happens when we try to teach this approach in the classroom? How do we locate the South without relying on concepts of otherness? And how do we communicate the importance of the South without re-creating the regional hierarchies that have dominated for far too long? This article outlines the academic arguments before turning to the opportunities and constraints associated with delivering an undergraduate module that teaches post-colonial concepts without relying on colonial constructs.

scholarly journals Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the North Korean Revolution, 1945–1950

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzy Kim
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Woman Question ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
The South ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Korean History ◽  
The North

Women today are struggling with all their passion and all their strength day and night for the creation of a new history of a democratic country. Today in the streets, men, women, the old, the young, everyone stops to listen to the women.———Nam Hyǒn-sǒ, “Women of a New Country,” January 1947In Korea from ancient times, the master of the home was thought to refer to the husband … we now realize that the master of the home must be the woman, that is, the wife or mother.———Chang Chǒng-suk, “The New Home and Housewife,” October 1947All social revolutions in modern history, from the Russian Revolution of 1917 to the Cuban one of 1959, have attempted to address the status of women as a critical element of social change.1North Korea was no different. With Japan's defeat in World War II, Korea was liberated from its thirty-five-year colonial rule, and as in many postcolonial nations after the war, revolution was in the air.2When the Cold War came early to the peninsula, Korea took two divergent paths. Divided at the 38th parallel into separate occupation zones, with the United States in the south and the USSR in the north, social reforms were carried out swiftly in the north, aided and abetted by the Soviets, while in the south, the American occupiers saw most Korean political movements as too radical and suppressed them. In what follows, I focus on the formative years of early North Korean history, the five-year period between the end of Japanese colonial rule in 1945 and the start of the Korean War in 1950. I show how North Korea from the outset attempted to meld the old and the new through the figure of the revolutionary mother as a uniquely feminine revolutionary subjectivity. This sets the North Korean case apart from other historical examples of social revolutions and their handling of “the woman question.”

Geographic distribution of Gnamptogenys hartmani (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), an agro-predator that attacks fungus-growing ants

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Wetterer
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Specialist Predator ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fungus Growing Ants

Gnamptogenys hartmani is a specialist predator that attacks colonies of fungus-growing ants. To examine the biogeography of G. hartmani, I compiled specimen records of G. hartmani from 36 sites, and records of Gnamptogenys bruchi (a possible junior synonym) from seven sites. Records of Gnamptogenys hartmani ranged from Lucky, Louisiana (32.2°N) in the north to Villa Nougués, Argentina (26.9°S) in the south. If G. bruchi proves to be a synonym of G. hartmani, this would extend the known range as far south as Alta Gracia, Argentina (31.7°S). In the US, G. hartmani populations are known only from Texas and Louisiana, yet there is much apparently suitable habitat along the Gulf coast of Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. Given the remarkable scarcity of G. hartmani records throughout its known range, it remains possible that G. hartmani populations occur all along the Gulf coast of the US, but have been overlooked.

Ambivalenz der Gegenseitigkeit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Haas
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
The South ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The North ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Volunteer Service

This study is the first to place development policy volunteer services in the context of fundamental social theory. Using the theory of reciprocity, it identifies the deeper levels of logic on which development policy volunteer services are based. In doing so, it analyses ambiguous and asymmetrical forms of reciprocity in relation to post-colonial theoretical approaches in particular, while addressing the following questions: What effects does this positioning have on processes of reciprocity in the context of ‘development’? What forms of rationale from the concept of ‘give and take’ are carried over to processes of exchange between the North and the South? What challenges does all this pose in terms of cooperative partnerships and educational support? The new and updated edition of this book uses the German volunteer service <i>Weltwärts </i>as a case study and reflects the changes made to the programme since 2012, such as the introduction of South–North elements. Moreover, this edition examines volunteer services in other countries.

scholarly journals North–South relations and human rights

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Soosaipillai Keethaponcalan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
Human Rights Standards ◽  
North And South

There are apparent differences between the developed North and the economically weak South. The relations between the North and South are marked by dichotomies and in order to deal with the challenges posed by the South, the North choses control and cooperation. The North uses several instruments including economic assistance to achieve its objectives. One of the new tools that is increasingly taken advantage of is human rights. Although there exists a genuine concern about human rights standards in the South, action on these issues almost always depends on national interest of the states in the North. This paradigm is proved true by the present human rights campaign the United States is undertaking against Sri Lanka in the United Nations Human Rights Council. The US and its Western allies believe that serious human rights violations have been committed during the last phase of the war in Sri Lanka. Promoting accountability and insisting on an international investigation, the US has successfully presented three resolutions on Sri Lanka since 2012. This paper argues that the US action is motivated primarily by its national interest. At the secondary level the US is interested in curtailing what is called the Sri Lanka model of conflict resolution and promoting reconciliation.

Hà Nội's Responses to Beijing's Renewed Enthusiasm to Aid North Vietnam, 1970–1972

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-139
Author(s):  
Kosal Path
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
War Effort ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

Relying on Vietnamese archival documents, this article reveals that Chinese chauvinistic behaviors during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1968) triggered the Vietnamese fear of Chinese expansionism and caused Hà Nội to distrust Beijing's intentions in Indochina. With such fear and distrust, Hà Nội's leaders changed their mind about the desirability of Beijing's proposed redeployment of Chinese volunteers to North Vietnam to confront the US escalation of war in Indochina in the Spring of 1970, despite the fact that they were facing enormous shortage of manpower to meet the dual demand of economic reconstruction in the North and the war effort in the South.

scholarly journals O pensamento liminar como uma resposta à colonialidade do poder em La mano en la tierra, de Josefina Plá

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Leoné Astride Barzotto
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
The South ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The North ◽  
Post Colonialism ◽  
Border Thinking

Resumo: Este artigo tem a intenção de fazer um estudo da literatura latino-americana pela perspectiva pós-colonial como representação de uma dada realidade, para demonstrar que o conceito de “Pensamento Liminar” (MIGNOLO, 2003) é uma resposta potencial do Hemisfério Sul às novas investidas de domínio percebidas pela descrição do conceito de “Colonialidade do Poder” (QUIJANO, 2005), advindas do Hemisfério Norte. Neste contexto, analisarei ambos os conceitos e as estratégias pós-coloniais pertinentes à esta análise, adentrando o conto La mano en la tierra (2002), da escritora Josefina Plá, a fim de averiguar o papel da mulher local, neste caso Ursula, uma indígena Guarani paraguaia, e sua relevância na narrativa e nas questões de gênero que implicam parcela deste estudo.Palavras-chave: pensamento liminar; colonialidade do poder; pós-colonialismo; literatura latino-americana; gênero.Abstract: This paper aims to develop a study on the Latin American Literature through the post-colonial perspective as a representation of a certain reality, to demonstrate that the concept of “Border Thinking” (MIGNOLO, 2003) is a potential answer from the South Hemisphere towards the new control quests which are perceived through the concept of “Coloniality of Power” (QUIJANO, 2005), from the North Hemisphere. Within this context, I will analyze both concepts and also the post-colonial strategies that connect to it, investing in the short story La mano en la tierra (2002), written by Josefina Plá, to investigate the role of the local woman, in this case Ursula, a Guarani indigenous lady from Paraguay, and her relevance in the narrative as well as in the gender debate which implies part of this study.Keywords: border thinking; coloniality of power; post colonialism; Latin American literature; gender.

scholarly journals The Power of Ideas: The Fórum da Liberdade, 1988-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-79
Author(s):  
Camila Feix Vidal ◽  
Jahde Lopez ◽  
Luan Brum
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Network Partner ◽  
Us Hegemony

Abstract This is a study of the Fórum da Liberdade (FL), an annual event organised by the Brazilian think tank Instituto de Estudos Empresariais, an Atlas Network partner. Based on critical theory, this study is aimed at casting light on the role played by the FL in promoting US hegemony in the realm of ideas. Drawing on an analysis of all the forums over 30 years from its inception in 1988 until 2018, we demonstrate that this hegemony is based on the neoliberal economic model. We examine the presenters, the sponsors, the main themes and the award winners. We find that a) the FL privileges speakers who support the neoliberal ideal – mostly male politicians, entrepreneurs, and members of neoliberal think tanks in Brazil and elsewhere; b) the FL has been internationalising, embracing an absolute majority of speakers from the USA, and strengthening ties with its major partner, the North American Atlas Network; c) the FL helps build electoral platforms by privileging politicians who support its economic ideals; and d) the FL promotes the US neoliberal agenda via financial support from the entrepreneurs who fund the annual events, and an ‘intelligentsia’ that legitimises the ideas presented at those events. Fórum da Liberdade; think tanks; Atlas Network; neoliberalism; Critical Theory.

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