R2P and the Role of Regional Organisations in Ethnic Conflict Management, Prevention and Resolution: The Unfinished Agenda

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Carment ◽  
Martin Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Regional Organisations ◽  
Regional Organisation

AbstractThe Responsibility to Protect (hereafter R2P) agendas have established a fairly high threshold for engagement by third parties in ethnic conflict when seen through the lens of direct intervention by means of force or coercion in order to mitigate overt forms of ethnic conflict such as ethnic cleansing and genocide. The absence of regional organisation activity in this area is understandable given the enormous political and financial costs associated with intervention. Yet the R2P agenda also carries with it a preventive component, and in this regard there is reason to be a little more optimistic. Ten years ago on the advice of the Brahimi Report, investments were made by most regional organisations to strengthen capacity for preventive action. In this article, we return to the question of whether and how regional organisations can or do conduct themselves in a manner consistent with the R2P's preventive component. The article unfolds in four sections. In the first part, we assess the role of regional organisations in implementing the R2P agendas. We begin with an identification of each regional organisation that either implicitly or explicitly references the R2P framework in their mandates, charters and doctrine. These organisations include the OSCE, the AU, the OAS, SAARC, ECOWAS, and ASEAN among others. Second, we provide a comparative framework that specifies the ways in which R2P is reflected in the activities of each regional organisation, with reference to capacity building, charter development, preventive diplomacy, direct engagement, and conflict management. This evaluative framework allows us to determine if there has been any shift in the way in which these organisations conduct themselves with respect to R2P principles. In the third part of the article we assess the Darfur case to illustrate our evaluative framework. The question we ask is: are the actions of the organisations involved in these conflicts consistent with R2P in its preventive as well as its interventionist interpretations? In the fourth and final section we conclude with implications for theory and policy and make some recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Using Conflict Management in Improving Owners and Contractors Relationship Quality in the Construction Industry: The Mediation Role of Trust

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401989883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolawole Iyiola ◽  
Husam Rjoub
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates conflict management climate as perceived by the owners and contractors significantly affect trust and relationship quality in the Nigerian construction industry. This empirical study also assesses trust as a mediator between conflict management climate and relationship quality. Data gathered from 426 owners and contractors employees in the Nigerian construction industry were used to verify the abovementioned relationships via structural equation modeling. The results show that conflict management climate significantly predicted trust and relationship quality. Trust significantly predicted relationship quality and partially mediates the relationship between conflict management climate and relationship quality. This study contributes to theory within this research by showing trust and relationship quality is significantly affected when owners and contractors are aware of the conflict management climate. The study offers important practical implications for managing conflict management between owners and contractors in the construction industry. Insights into future research directions are also documented.

Genealogy and Governmentality

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Biebricher
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
History Of ◽  
Governmentality Studies ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe essay aims at an assessment of whether and to what extent the history of governmentality can be considered to be a genealogy. To this effect a generic account of core tenets of Foucauldian genealogy is developed. The three core tenets highlighted are (1) a radically contingent view of history that is (2) expressed in a distinct style and (3) highlights the impact of power on this history. After a brief discussion of the concept of governmentality and a descriptive summary of its history, this generic account is used as a measuring device to be applied to the history of governmentality. While both, the concept of governmentality and also its history retain certain links to genealogical precepts, my overall conclusion is that particularly the history of governmentality (and not necessarily Foucault's more programmatic statements about it) departs from these precepts in significant ways. Not only is there a notable difference in style that cannot be accounted for entirely by the fact that this history is produced in the medium of lectures. Aside from a rather abstract consideration of the importance of societal struggles, revolts and other forms of resistance, there is also little reference to the role of these phenomena in the concrete dynamics of governmental shifts that are depicted in the historical narrative. Finally, in contrast to the historical contingency espoused by genealogy and the programmatic statements about governmentality, the actual history of the latter can be plausibly, albeit unsympathetically, read in a rather teleological fashion according to which the transformations of governmentality amount to the unfolding of an initially implicit notion of governing that is subsequently realised in ever more consistent ways. In the final section of the essay I turn towards the field of governmentality studies, arguing that some of the more problematic tendencies in this research tradition can be traced back to Foucault's own account. In particular, the monolithic conceptualisation of governmentality and the implicit presentism of an excessive focus on Neoliberalism found in many of the studies in governmentality can be linked back to problems in Foucault's own history of governmenality. The paper concludes with suggestions for a future research agenda for the governmentality studies that point beyond Foucault's own account and its respective limitations.

Workplace conflict and willingness to cooperate

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluremi Bolanle Ayoko
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Workplace Conflict ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Undergraduates ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Willingness To Cooperate

Purpose This paper aims to clarify the relationship between conflict, apologies, forgiveness and willingness to cooperate after a conflict event. Design/methodology/approach The paper used scenarios and quantitative measures to examine the connection between conflict, perceived apology sincerity, forgiveness and willingness to cooperate in 358 business undergraduates. Findings Data revealed that relationship conflict was significantly but negatively associated with forgiveness and willingness to cooperate. Additionally, attitudes toward forgiveness were directly and positively related not only to forgiveness but also to willingness to cooperate. Finally, forgiveness mediated the link between both perceived apology sincerity attitudes to forgiveness and willingness to cooperate. Research limitations/implications Data were cross-sectional and may be subject to bias. Longitudinal studies are needed to further tease out the connection between the variables in the current study. Similarly, future research should explore the role of climate and individuals’ disposition and readiness to apologize, forgive and their willingness to cooperate at work. Practical implications The paper includes practical implications for managers interested in eliciting cooperation after a workplace conflict. Specifically, apology and forgiveness should be included in managers’ conflict management training programs. Social implications Our findings indicated that apology and forgiveness are social skills that are important for conflict management and cooperation after a workplace conflict. Originality/value Beyond reconciliation, the current study provides new insights into the important role of actual forgiveness in whether employees are willing to cooperate after conflict at work. Practical assistance is offered to managers who are interested in fostering cooperation and increased performance after conflict episodes.

‘Regions’ and their study: wherefrom, what for and whereto?

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 5-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICK FAWN
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Regional Architecture

AbstractLong a focal point in the study of Geography, regions have become a major concern of International Relations, and for some even its essence. Principle definitions and approaches, however, remain contested, as do the contexts in which and how they matter, from economic to security. This article examines contested views on what constitutes a region and on the nature and functioning of regional architecture, drawing from thematic and case-specific literature to indicate the expanse of analytical enquiry. These include the roles and interpretations of geography, identity, culture, institutionalisation, and the role of actors, including a hegemon, major regional powers and others actors from within a region, both state and societal. A final section indicates additional areas for future research.

scholarly journals Does ethnic conflict impede or enable employee innovation behavior?

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Reade ◽  
Hyun-Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conflict Management Style ◽  
Innovation Behavior

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a societal context of ethnic conflict influences employee innovation behavior in the work domain and whether a collaborative conflict management style adopted by supervisors plays a moderating role. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the conflict, organizational behavior and innovation literature, the study examines the main and interaction effects of employee sensitivity to ethnic conflict, organizational frustration and collaborative conflict management style of supervisors on employee engagement with colleagues to innovate products, services and job processes. Hypotheses are tested using hierarchical regression analysis, controlling for ethnic diversity in workgroups. Findings Employee innovation behavior is greatest when employee sensitivity to ethnic conflict is high, organizational frustration is low and when supervisors are perceived to be highly collaborative in managing conflict, regardless of whether the workgroup is ethnically homogenous or diverse. Research limitations/implications The study findings expand our knowledge of the effects of sociopolitical conflict on employee behavior and the role of collaborative conflict management. Future research can address limitations including self-reports, cross-sectional design and single country setting. Practical implications The findings of this study suggest that employee innovation behavior can be enhanced through developing collaborative conflict management skills of those in leadership positions. Originality/value This is the first study to empirically examine the influence of ethnic conflict on employee innovation behavior and is of value to businesses operating in conflict settings.

scholarly journals TNF-α: A Benificial or Harmful Pathogenic Cytokine in Cardiovascular System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Sunny Dhiman ◽  
Inder Kumar ◽  
Priyankul Palia ◽  
Shalini Jamwal ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF- alpha) plays important role in pathophysiology of cardiovascular system and had been comprehensively studied over the last 20 years.  These studies demonstrate both Detrimental and potentially conflicting roles of TNF-α in pathophysiology of heart. Beneficial effects of TNF-α includes cardioprotective action against ischemia, myocarditis, pressure overload and preventive action against potential adverse effects including development of atherosclerosis, reperfusion injury, hypertrophy, and heart failure. However, TNF-α is still controversial for its beneficial or harmful effects for cardiovascular system. This review includes evaluation of possible role of TNF-α in cardiovascular system specifically in pathophysiology and morphology of cardiomyocytes. Further this article mainly emphases on the claimed role of TNF-α pathways with concerning essential cardiac cellular processes which may have unswerving adaptive effects in the heart with respect to future research directions.  Keywords: Tumor Necrosis Factor, Hypertrophy, Pathophysiology, Cytokine, Pathology, Cardiovascular System.

scholarly journals Tony Karbo and Kudrat Virk (eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Peacebuilding in Africa.

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Mira Abrahamyan
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
African Union ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Regional Organisations ◽  
External Actors

This handbook offers a critical assessment of the African agenda for conflict prevention, peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding; the challenges and opportunities facing Africa’s regional organisations in their efforts towards building sustainable peace on the continent; and the role of external actors, including the United Nations, Britain, France, and South Asian troop-contributing countries. In so doing, it revisits the late Ali Mazrui’s concept of Pax Africana, calling on Africans to take responsibility for peace and security on their own continent. The creation of the African Union, in 2002, was an important step towards realising this ambition, and has led to the development of a new continental architecture for more robust conflict management. But, as the volume’s authors show, the quest for Pax Africana faces challenges. Combining thematic analyses and case studies, this book will be of interest to both scholars and policymakers working on peace, security, and governance issues in Africa.

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