scholarly journals Biodiversity hotspot in cold waters: a review of the genus Cuthonella with descriptions of seven new species (Mollusca, Nudibranchia)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-68
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Korshunova ◽  
Nadezhda P. Sanamyan ◽  
Karen E. Sanamyan ◽  
Torkild Bakken ◽  
Kennet Lundin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
The Kuril Islands

Cuthonella Bergh, 1884 is of one of the most neglected nudibranch groups, with a long history of taxonomic confusion with other aeolidacean genera. Owing to its predominantly Arctic distribution with cold water, its species are difficult to find and to collect, and thus to describe. In this study we revise the genus by presenting molecular and morphological data for a majority of the species, including the type, C. abyssicola Bergh, 1884. The material is based on a broad geographic sampling throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Particular emphasis is placed on the Kuril Islands, a diversity hotspot for the genus. Seven new species and two subspecies of Cuthonella are described from the Arctic and North Pacific regions. The number of species of Cuthonella is thus increased over threefold and now comprises 15 species plus two subspecies instead of five species. This work is the most substantial update of the genus Cuthonella since its description in 1884. To delineate taxonomic and phylogenetic limits of Cuthonella-like aeolidaceans, the molecular phylogeny of the wider traditional “tergipedids” is presented and shows that Cuthonella-like aeolidaceans form a distinct molecular clade as the family Cuthonellidae Miller, 1977, corroborated by reliable morphological apomorphies.

Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the Northeast Atlantic: non-filiform species of Anarthruridae Lang from the Atlantic Margin

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 471 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAHAM BIRD
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Atlantic Margin ◽  
Group D ◽  
Deep Sea Fauna

Anarthrurid tanaidaceans are common in the bathyal zone west of the British Isles and their identification has been difficult. The complex history of the taxonomy and classification of the Family Anarthruridae Lang is summarised and H.J. Hansen s Leptognathia group d from the Ingolf expeditions is transferred to the Anarthruridae. Three known species are re-described (Anarthrurasimplex, Leptognathia latiremis, and L. glacialis). In addition, five new genera are erected and five new species described. A key to their identification is given. Zoogeographic patterns indicate a cold-water fauna north of the Faeroes and Iceland and a separate Atlantic Deep Sea fauna along the Hebrides-Porcupine-Biscay slope.

An overview of the amphipod genus Haploops (Ampeliscidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Dauvin ◽  
Denise Bellan-Santini
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Biogeographical Distribution ◽  
The Family

Available data concerning the taxonomy, biology, ecology and biogeography of the genus Haploops is presented. The genus, represented by 15 valid species, is typically associated with deep and cold waters. Haploops is confined to the Arctic, north Atlantic and north Pacific Oceans with the exception of two Tasmanian species. Phyletic relationships show four principal groups of species, but there is no clear correlation between these groups and their biogeographical distribution. The biology of Haploops is typical of the biology of a cold-water amphipod. The distribution and the biology of Haploops is contrasted with that of Ampelisca, another genus of the family Ampeliscidae.

scholarly journals A revised taxonomy of Asian snail-eating snakes Pareas (Squamata, Pareidae): evidence from morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 939 ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Ping Wang ◽  
Jing Che ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Jie Qiong Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Multivariate Morphometrics ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species

The Asian snail-eating snakes Pareas is the largest genus of the family Pareidae (formerly Pareatidae), and widely distributed in Southeast Asia. However, potential diversity remains poorly explored due to their highly conserved morphology and incomplete samples. Here, on basis of more extensive sampling, interspecific phylogenetic relationships of the genus Pareas were reconstructed using two mitochondrial fragments (cyt b and ND4) and two nuclear genes (c-mos and Rag1), and multivariate morphometrics conducted for external morphological data. Both Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses consistently showed that the genus Pareas was comprised of two distinct, monophyletic lineages with moderate to low support values. Based on evidences from molecular phylogeny and morphological data, cryptic diversity of this genus was uncovered and two new species were described. In additional, the validity of P. macularius is confirmed.

Systematics and biogeography of the “Metacryphaeus group” Calmoniidae (Trilobita, Devonian), with comments on adaptive radiations and the geological history of the Malvinokaffric Realm

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South African ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adaptive Radiations ◽  
Rapid Diversification

Phylogenetic parsimony analysis was used to classify the Siegenian–Eifelian “Metacryphaeus group” of the family Calmoniidae. Thirty-eight exoskeletal characters for 16 taxa produced a shortest-length cladogram with a consistency index of 0.49. A classification based on retrieving the structure of this cladogram recognizes nine genera: Typhloniscus Salter, Plesioconvexa n. gen., Punillaspis Baldis and Longobucco, Eldredgeia n. gen., Clarkeaspis n. gen., Malvinocooperella n. gen., Wolfartaspis Cooper, Plesiomalvinella Lieberman, Edgecombe, and Eldredge (used to represent the malvinellid clade), and Metacryphaeus Reed. The malvinellid clade is most closely related to a revised monophyletic Metacryphaeus. Typhloniscus is the basal member of the “Metacryphaeus group,” and the monotypic Wolfartaspis is sister to the clade containing the malvinellids and Metacryphaeus. Six new species are diagnosed: Punillaspis n. sp. A, “Clarkeaspis” gouldi, Clarkeaspis padillaensis, Malvinocooperella pregiganteus, Metacryphaeus curvigena, and Metacryphaeus branisai. Primitively, this group has South African and Andean affinities, and its evolutionary history suggests rapid diversification. In addition, evolutionary patterns in this group, and the distribution of character reversals, call into question certain notions about the nature of adaptive radiations. The distributions of taxa may answer questions about the number of marine transgressive/regressive cycles in the Emsian–Eifelian of the Malvinokaffric Realm.

Morphological and phylogenetic study of the Western Atlantic Crepidula plana complex (Caenogastropoda, Calyptraeidae), with description of three new species from Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1112 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIZ RICARDO L. SIMONE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Informal Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Good Number

A detailed morphological study was performed in the following species of Crepidula: 1) C. margarita new species from Venezuela; 2) C. plana Say, 1822; 3) C. atrasolea Collin, 2000; 4) C. depressa Say, 1822, from Florida, USA; 5) C. pyguaia, new species from Santa Catarina coast, Brazil; 6) C. carioca, new species from Rio de Janeiro coast, Brazil. Additionally, five other species anatomically studied in Simone (2002) were also included: 7) C. argentina Simone, Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 2000, from Argentina; 8) C. glauca Say, 1822, from Venezuela; 9) C. fornicata (Linné, 1758), from Mediterranean and Florida; 10) C. protea Orbigny, from S.E. Brazil; 11) C. aff. plana, here described as C. intratesta new species, from S.E. Brazil; 12) C. cachimilla Cledón Simone & Penchaszadeh, 2004, from Patagonia. The 46 characters (106 states) for these species were phylogenetically analyzed and a single cladogram was obtained (length: 93, CI: 65; RI: 64) as follows: (Crepidula cachimilla (C. argentina ((C. carioca C. pyguaia) ((C. fornicata (C. intratesta C. protea)) ((C. glauca C. margarita) (C. plana (C. atrasolea C. depressa))))))). Two outgroups were used: Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791), which most authors consider a Crepidula (operationally analyzed as part of the ingroup), and the remaining calyptraeoideans studied by the author. The monophyly of the ingroup is confirmed, supported by 25 morphological synapomorphies. Although the ingroup is fully resolved, no clades are formally named, because the phylogeny is still considered provisional. Most studied species belong to an informal group called “Crepidula plana-complex”, but it is not monophyletic, since C. fornicata, which does not belong to this complex, is part of the ingroup. This study demonstrates that detailed morphological data are useful in phylogenetic studies even at the level of closely related/sibling species, resulting in cladogram with good resolution and a good number of shared, analyzable characters. A biogeographic analysis is also performed considering the distribution of each species under the light of the obtained cladogram, a clear ascension from south to north is the main pattern of the evolutionary history of these species. Further comments on the systematics of Crepidula aplysioides Reeve and C. convexa Say is also performed.

A revised phylogeny of the New Caledonian endemic genus Troglosiro (Opiliones : Cyphophthalmi : Troglosironidae) with the description of four new species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Giribet ◽  
Caitlin M. Baker ◽  
Prashant P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Short Range ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Direct Optimization ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Phylogenetic Methods ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

The Cyphophthalmi genus Troglosiro (the only genus of the family Troglosironidae) is endemic to New Caledonia, representing one of the oldest lineages of this emerged part of Zealandia. Its species are short-range endemics, many known from single localities. Here we examined the phylogenetic relationships of Troglosironidae using standard Sanger-sequenced markers (nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and a combination of phylogenetic methods, including parsimony under Direct Optimization and maximum likelihood with static homology. We also applied a diversity of species delimitation methods, including distance-based, topology-based and unsupervised machine learning to evaluate previous species designations. Finally, we used a combination of genetic and morphological information to describe four new species – T. dogny sp. nov., T. pin sp. nov., T. pseudojuberthiei sp. nov. and T. sharmai sp. nov. – and discuss them in the broader context of the phylogeny and biogeographic history of the family. A key to the species of Troglosiro is also provided. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:93541314-8309-468C-BB77-B34C3A81137E

Anystipalpus, Antennoseius and Vitzthumia: a taxonomic and nomenclatural conundrum of genera (Acari: Mesostigmata: Dermanyssina), with description of four species of Anystipalpus

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2243 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVERT E. LINDQUIST ◽  
MARÍA L. MORAZA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Family Level ◽  
History Of

The genus Anystipalpus Berlese, 1911, of uncertain prior placement in the superfamilies Ascoidea or Dermanyssoidea, is redescribed, based on reexamination of type and other material of the type-species, A. percicola Berlese, and of material representing Anystipalpus livshitsi (Eidelberg) new combination and two new species, A. labiduricola n. sp. and A. kazemii n. sp. Anystipalpus nataliae (Eidelberg) new combination and Anystipalpus ukrainicus (Sklyar) new combination are determined to be junior synonyms of A. percicola Berlese and A. livshitsi (Eidelberg), respectively, new synonymies. The genus is known thus far only from adult females phoretic under the elytra of carabid beetles and the tegmina of labidurid earwigs in Eurasia. The relationships between it and the closely related Antennoseius Berlese, 1916 and Vitzthumia Thor, 1930, are reviewed, and the options for the family level placement of these genera are reconsidered. Attention is given to some gnathosomatic attributes that are commonly overlooked in description of species of these closely related genera. Phoresy and the role of adult female morphs in the life history of these mites, as well as the extraordinary phoretic association of one species with earwigs are discussed.

scholarly journals New distribution record, host plant and notes on natural history of Tomoplagia rudolphi (Lutz & Lima, 1918) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. e20195943
Author(s):  
Marcoandre Savaris ◽  
Felipe Da Luz ◽  
Lisete Maria Lorini ◽  
Silvana Lampert
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Host Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Record ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
History Of

In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, there are few records of geographical distribution and host plants to species of Tomoplagia Coquillett, as well as other genera of Tephritidae, especially those associated with plants of the family Asteraceae. Here, we report the first occurrence of Tomoplagia rudolphi (Lutz & Lima, 1918) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, inducing stem galls in Vernonanthura tweediana (Baker) H. Rob. (Asteraceae, Vernonieae), whose plant becomes a new host record for this species. In this way, is increased to nine species of Tomoplagia recorded for Rio Grande do Sul. Biological and morphological data and photos of gall, larvae, pupae at new host and distribution map of the species in Brazil are provided.

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