Private Land Ownership in Northeastern Rus' and Mongol Land Laws

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Elena Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Mikhail E. Razinkov

The research is based on data on acts of cooperation of various peasant population categories with the revolutionary authorities. The relevance of the problem lies in the minimal study of these issues, since historiography studied mainly the conflict behavior of peasants. We point to the presence of a large number of forms of interaction between peasants both with the February and October authorities in 1917. Using the methods of textual analysis we givethe analysis of the wel-coming telegrams to the State Duma. An intermediate conclusion was made that the desire of the peasants to interact with the authorities did not lead directly to a decrease in the social conflict de-gree. Attention is drawn to the presence in 1905–1907 and 1917 so-called “zones of low activity” of peasant revolts. Asking the question about the reasons for the existence of such zones, we turn to the comparative analysis of the situation at the county-volost level (using the example of Ostrogozhsky and Bogucharsky districts), concluding that the traditional explanation of the existence of such zones with a small share of private land ownership does not fully explain the situation. An explanation of the emerging situation is offered by a more complex of socio-economic, socio-political and socio-everyday factors, as well as source problems.


2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong W. Ko ◽  
Hong S. He ◽  
David R. Larsen

Author(s):  
Jose Roberto Aguilar Jimenez ◽  
Jose Nahed Toral ◽  
Manuel Roberto Parra Vazquez ◽  
Francisco Guevara Hernandez ◽  
Lucio Pat Fernandez

Using the sustainable livelihoods analytical framework, adaptability of cattle raising to multiple stressors (e.g. climate change and market conditions) in the dry tropics of Chiapas, Mexico was evaluated. Three case studies located in the Frailesca region of Chiapas were analyzed: (I) peasant cattle raising in a rural village in the Frailesca Valley; (II) peasant cattle raising in a rural village in a natural protected area in the Frailesca Highlands; and (III) holistic cattle raising by farmers with private land ownership in the Frailesca Valley. Adaptability was evaluated using an index on a scale of one to a hundred; average values were: case I = 20.9 ± 1.4; case II = 32.1 ± 1.8; and case III = 63.6 ± 3.5. In order to increase farms adaptability and reduce the vulnerability of cattle raising families, there is a need to modify public policy to take into account the conditions of the most vulnerable farmers (cases I and II). Given the economic, environmental, and social context of Mexico´s dry tropics, establishing ecological or organic cattle raising and silvopastoral systems may reduce the vulnerability of farm families and increase their level of adaptability of their farms to multiple stressors.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nashih Luthfi

Abstract: Historiographically, there is false understanding that the 1960’s landreform in Indonesia was only supported by communism party, and religion-based parties were on the opposite sides, ideologically and sociologically. This article contradicts the simplification of the understanding of the history by pointed out that Nahdlatul Ulama supported the policy of land reform. The support was within the framework of the creation of justice, as well as the understanding that private land ownership is respected in Islam, as part of the goal in enforcing syari’at: to keep the possessions of the umat (hifdhul maal). Not only on the implementation, Pertanu also defend and fight for the peasants when they were expelled, and their lands were taken over (counter-landreform) post 1965. Based on the archived of ANRI and local military documents, this article record the institutional history of Pertanu and its struggle to defent the peasants after 1965, and the dynamic of the implementation of land reform and its backflow in Banyuwangi, East Java. The description of historical experiences of this peasant organization is equipped by contextual reflection and its revitalization on current era when facing contemporary agrarian issues. Intisari: Secara historiografis berkembang pemahaman yang keliru bahwa landreform era 1960-an di Indonesia hanya didukung oleh partai berpaham komunisme. Sedangkan partai berbasiskan agama, berada pada pihak yang berseberangan, baik secara ideologis maupun sosiologis. Artikel ini membantah simplifikasi pemahaman sejarah tersebut dengan menunjukkan bahwa Nahdlatul Ulama mendukung kebijakan landreform. Dukungan itu dalam kerangka penciptaan keadilan sekaligus pemahaman bahwa kepemilikan tanah pribadi dihormati di dalam Islam, sebab merupakan bagian dari tujuan penegakan syari’at: menjaga harta benda umat (hifdhul maal). Tidak hanya pada tahap pelaksanaan, Pertanu bahkan juga membela dan memperjuangkan kaum tani tatkala mereka diusir dan diambil-alih tanahnya kembali (counter-landreform) pasca 1965. Berdasarkan arsip dari ANRI dan dokumen militer daerah, artikel ini merekam sejarah kelembagaan Pertanu dan perjuangannya dalam membela kaum tani pasca 1965, serta dinamika pelaksanaan landreform dan arus baliknya yang terjadi di Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Uraian pengalaman sejarah perjalanan organisasi tani ini dilengkapi dengan refleksi kontekstualitasi dan revitalisasinya pada era saat ini tetkala berhadapan dengan masalah-masalah agraria kontemporer.


2021 ◽  
pp. 726-734
Author(s):  
G.A. Polunin ◽  
V.V. Alakoz

The article provides a brief analysis of the content and results of the implementation of models for organizing agricultural production during the land reform in Russia in the 80-90s. The article contains the main stages of land reform, confirmed by legislative and regulatory legal acts of the state. It has been established that shared land ownership in agriculture has a number of specific economic functions: quasi-property, goods, capital and property. The studies demonstrated that the allocation of land shares and their transformation into land plots is a condition for the implementation of the production function of quasi-ownership of land shares. For this reason, land shares, including unclaimed ones, not allocated to land plots, should not be classified as full-fledged private land ownership. When equity ownership is included into the authorized capital of an economic entity, and the agreement on the transfer of rights with the legal successor is not assigned, the right holder loses all rights to the transferred land shares. The existence of such an agreement does not guarantee that the right holder will receive any payments for the use of such property by the legal successor. Individuals who invested land shares in the authorized capital of an economic entity did not have any economic benefit from the reform, and those who converted land shares into a land plot received land property, the price of which has risen in dozen times since the beginning of the land reform.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document