Evolution of shared land ownership in agriculture of modern Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 726-734
Author(s):  
G.A. Polunin ◽  
V.V. Alakoz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Authorized Capital

The article provides a brief analysis of the content and results of the implementation of models for organizing agricultural production during the land reform in Russia in the 80-90s. The article contains the main stages of land reform, confirmed by legislative and regulatory legal acts of the state. It has been established that shared land ownership in agriculture has a number of specific economic functions: quasi-property, goods, capital and property. The studies demonstrated that the allocation of land shares and their transformation into land plots is a condition for the implementation of the production function of quasi-ownership of land shares. For this reason, land shares, including unclaimed ones, not allocated to land plots, should not be classified as full-fledged private land ownership. When equity ownership is included into the authorized capital of an economic entity, and the agreement on the transfer of rights with the legal successor is not assigned, the right holder loses all rights to the transferred land shares. The existence of such an agreement does not guarantee that the right holder will receive any payments for the use of such property by the legal successor. Individuals who invested land shares in the authorized capital of an economic entity did not have any economic benefit from the reform, and those who converted land shares into a land plot received land property, the price of which has risen in dozen times since the beginning of the land reform.

Land Reform and Agrarian Change in Sri Lanka

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Agrarian Change ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Reform Programme ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Privately Held

In 1972 a land reform programme based on the objectives of maximizing agricultural production and employment and reducing inequalities in wealth and income was initiated in Sri Lanka. It commenced with the enactment of the Land Reform Law, No. 1 of 1972 which imposed ceilings on private ownership of land and provided for the setting up of a Land Reform Commission (hereafter, LRC) vested with powers to acquire privately held land in excess of the ceilings. Three years later, the scope of the reform was extended through the Land Reform (Amendment) Law, No. 39 of 1975 under the provisions of which land held by public companies was nationalized. Both these laws provided for the payment of compensation to dispossessed owners.

scholarly journals STATUS HUKUM TANAH WARGA YANG BERMUKIM DI WILAYAH PESISIR PERBATASAN KABUPATEN NUNUKAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN UTARA

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Sulaiman ◽  
Zulvia Makka
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Proof ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Coastal Residents

The province of North Kalimantan is the youngest province in Indonesia, located in the northern part of Kalimantan Island. Northern Kalimantan Province is established based on Law No. 20 of 2012 establishing the Northern Kalimantan Province. Nunukan Regency is one of five districts / cities in the province of North Kalimantan covering an area of ​​14,263.68 km2. Geographically, Nunukan Regency is located in the northernmost region of Kalimantan, which borders directly with a neighboring country, Sabah-Malaysia. The legal status of the land becomes a written proof that is legally recognized. All land rights are recorded in the form of National Land Agency (BPN) certificates. BPN creates duplicates of landowners to avoid future risks, such as: B.: Lost certificates, burned certificates and duplicate certificates. In Indonesia, land ownership status is governed by the Basic Law of Agriculture (UUPA) No. 5 of 1960 on Agricultural Principles. Rural residents living in the Border Coast, especially in the Nunukan Subdistrict, Nunukan Utara district, is the Nunukan Regency, a leased land owned by PT. Inhutani as the de facto landlord (HGU), above the property for PT. Inhutani in the Nunukan district, Nunukan district, Nunukan Utara district stands thousands of buildings owned by both the community and the government, where the majority have no legal proof of domination. The problem in this study is the legal status of the ownership of land in the border coastal areas and the policy of the local government in providing legal solutions to control the use of land in coastal areas. Based on the results that concludes the legal status of the land of coastal residents who live in the region as the right boundary, as the conversion of Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) by PT.Inhutani is used, that researchers know ended Hak Guna Usaha ( HGU) was on the ground since 2009. But it was extended to 2038. While the legal solution for providing legal certainty of the owner of the building in the country of PT. Inhutani receives until the bleaching of the rights building use rights (HGB) to the community, because PT. Inhutani is no longer productive / operates and produces forest products, in Nunukan sub-district, Nunukan Utara village, but only the establishment of settlements and thousands of municipal and state buildings.

6. Adverse Possession

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-216
Author(s):  
Martin George ◽  
Antonia Layard
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Land Law ◽  
Right Of Action ◽  
Adverse Possession ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
Relative Concept

According to Section 17 of England’s Limitation Act 1980, a person who loses the right to recover possession of land also loses his title to that land. The corollary is that the person who takes possession of the land acquires ownership rights. In cases where title is unregistered, English Land Law provides that ownership of land or, more accurately, estates in land, is a relative concept. In a dispute over entitlement to possession of land, the court must determine which of the two claimants has a better right to possess, rather than who is the owner. This chapter explains legal aspects of possessing land titles in England. After providing an overview of land ownership and possession, it discusses the rationale of the statute of limitation, the link between registered land and human rights, limitation under the Limitation Act 1980, the accrual of a right of action, and adverse possession.

scholarly journals Sejarah dan Revitalisasi Perjuangan Pertanian Nahdlatul Ulama Melawan Ketidakadilan Agraria

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nashih Luthfi
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
The Creation

Abstract: Historiographically, there is false understanding that the 1960’s landreform in Indonesia was only supported by communism party, and religion-based parties were on the opposite sides, ideologically and sociologically. This article contradicts the simplification of the understanding of the history by pointed out that Nahdlatul Ulama supported the policy of land reform. The support was within the framework of the creation of justice, as well as the understanding that private land ownership is respected in Islam, as part of the goal in enforcing syari’at: to keep the possessions of the umat (hifdhul maal). Not only on the implementation, Pertanu also defend and fight for the peasants when they were expelled, and their lands were taken over (counter-landreform) post 1965. Based on the archived of ANRI and local military documents, this article record the institutional history of Pertanu and its struggle to defent the peasants after 1965, and the dynamic of the implementation of land reform and its backflow in Banyuwangi, East Java. The description of historical experiences of this peasant organization is equipped by contextual reflection and its revitalization on current era when facing contemporary agrarian issues. Intisari: Secara historiografis berkembang pemahaman yang keliru bahwa landreform era 1960-an di Indonesia hanya didukung oleh partai berpaham komunisme. Sedangkan partai berbasiskan agama, berada pada pihak yang berseberangan, baik secara ideologis maupun sosiologis. Artikel ini membantah simplifikasi pemahaman sejarah tersebut dengan menunjukkan bahwa Nahdlatul Ulama mendukung kebijakan landreform. Dukungan itu dalam kerangka penciptaan keadilan sekaligus pemahaman bahwa kepemilikan tanah pribadi dihormati di dalam Islam, sebab merupakan bagian dari tujuan penegakan syari’at: menjaga harta benda umat (hifdhul maal). Tidak hanya pada tahap pelaksanaan, Pertanu bahkan juga membela dan memperjuangkan kaum tani tatkala mereka diusir dan diambil-alih tanahnya kembali (counter-landreform) pasca 1965. Berdasarkan arsip dari ANRI dan dokumen militer daerah, artikel ini merekam sejarah kelembagaan Pertanu dan perjuangannya dalam membela kaum tani pasca 1965, serta dinamika pelaksanaan landreform dan arus baliknya yang terjadi di Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Uraian pengalaman sejarah perjalanan organisasi tani ini dilengkapi dengan refleksi kontekstualitasi dan revitalisasinya pada era saat ini tetkala berhadapan dengan masalah-masalah agraria kontemporer.

scholarly journals Religion and Gender Policy Implementation in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Landman ◽  
Shumba Sibiziwe
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Traditional Religions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
African Traditional Religions

African women’s histories show that economic marginalisation of women is rampant. This article evaluates how the implementation of African Traditional Religions, Christianity and the new National Gender Policy (2013–2017) impact on women’s access to land ownership in the Gwanda district of Zimbabwe. The land reform programme, initiated by the Zimbabwean government, endeavoured to alleviate the limited access to land by women through a quota system. The new National Gender Policy (2013–2017) asserts that women should constitute 20% of all recipients of A2 farming land. Women now have the right to apply for A1 and A2 agricultural land, and it gives women authority to control land as a means of production. This marks a departure from the traditional custom where women would acquire land only through their husbands, fathers or any male relative. In this study, a mixed-method approach and case study design were applied to explore if this could eradicate gender inequality caused by religions on women’s access to land ownership? The instruments were questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample of 80 participants. The findings are that the patriarchal system and cultural practices of African Traditional Religions and Christianity hinder women from accessing land. Some women have a fear of the unknown. The study recommends that women should be conscientised against the marginalising effects of religious, cultural and patriarchal practices, and informed on the contents of the current National Gender Policy (2013–2017). There should also be more female representation on the Land Allocation Committee.

Establishment of legal regulation in the field of identified the status of territorial communities as subjects of communal ownership on land

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastina Olha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Communal Property ◽  
Communal Land ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legal Competence ◽  
Communal Land Ownership ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ownership Of Land

The article examines the formation of communal land ownership law, formation of legal regulation in the field of consolidating the status of territorial communities as subjects of communal property, the impact of decentralization of powers processes on resolving the issue of the legal regime of territorial communities’ lands and united territorial communities’ lands, determination of scientific approaches to the formation of the model of communal land ownership law in Ukraine. It is updated the legislator’s inconsistency in determining the principles of building the institution of communal land ownership law, lack of a well-founded concept of communal property law, legislative contradictions of approaches to the creation of sustainable local self-government in Ukraine, based on the priority of land interests of territorial communities. Scientific attention is paid to preconditions for determining the constitutional status of territorial communities, legislative consolidation of the grounds for the formation of communal land ownership in the state, solving the problem of the definition of «communal land ownership law» absence in current legislation. Focused attention on legitimization of the powers to exercise the communal property law through the solution of the issue of land and legal competence of territorial communities, improvement of their status as subjects, who exercise the right of communal ownership of land directly or through local governments, the exercise of the right of communal ownership of land in the ways specified in the land law. According to the study it is established that the Constitution of Ukraine has provided the necessary prerequisites for the formation of a fundamentally new land system in the field of communal property on the land of communities. An important scientific task in modern conditions is improving the legal regulation of land and legal competence of territorial communities as subjects of communal land ownership for the sustainable development of territories. It is determined that the acceleration of administrative and land reforms will contribute to the full legitimization of the united territorial communities and the formation of territorial communities as equal subjects of land ownership. Keywords: territorial communities, decentralization, local government reform, communal land ownership

7. Adverse Possession

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Thompson ◽  
Martin George
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Land Law ◽  
Right Of Action ◽  
Adverse Possession ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
Relative Concept

According to Section 17 of England’s Limitation Act 1980, a person who loses the right to recover possession of land also loses his title to that land. The corollary is that the person who takes possession of the land acquires ownership rights. In cases where title is unregistered, English Land Law provides that ownership of land or, more accurately, estates in land, is a relative concept. In a dispute over entitlement to possession of land, the court must determine which of the two claimants has a better right to possess, rather than who is the owner. This chapter explains legal aspects of possessing land titles in England. After providing an overview of land ownership and possession, it discusses the rationale of the statute of limitation, the link between registered land and human rights, limitation under the Limitation Act 1980, the accrual of a right of action, and adverse possession.

Impact of Ownership and Concentration of Land on Schooling

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Haroon Jamal ◽  
Amir Jahan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Enrollment Data

The study argues for land reform in Pakistan by demonstrating an inverse relationship between students’ enrollment and land concentration and landlessness for 50 districts of the Punjab and Sindh provinces. With the help of enrollment data from the Population Census, a composite measure is constructed and linked with the inequality in ownership of land and landlessness. While the effect of the development level of districts on schooling is as expected positive and substantial, both the Gini coefficient for land ownership and coefficient of landlessness are negative and statistically significant.

Land reform will drive controversies in Barbuda

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Land System ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
The Government ◽  
Future Economic Development

Subject Land reform. Significance On January 2, the government of Antigua and Barbuda pushed through parliament a controversial land reform that ended Barbuda’s long-standing communal land system and established private land ownership. The government argued that the change was necessary to assist Barbuda’s recovery after Hurricane Irma, but there were broad issues of concern relating to the balance of power between the two islands, the means of enactment of the reforms and the government's priorities for the future economic development of both Barbuda and Antigua. Impacts The land reform will face legal challenges that will likely prove successful. Efforts to strengthen the unitary nature of Antigua and Barbuda may backfire, although secession is currently unlikely. Development options are limited, and rising dependency on tourism will be a real risk.

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