scholarly journals Sejarah dan Revitalisasi Perjuangan Pertanian Nahdlatul Ulama Melawan Ketidakadilan Agraria

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nashih Luthfi
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
The Creation

Abstract: Historiographically, there is false understanding that the 1960’s landreform in Indonesia was only supported by communism party, and religion-based parties were on the opposite sides, ideologically and sociologically. This article contradicts the simplification of the understanding of the history by pointed out that Nahdlatul Ulama supported the policy of land reform. The support was within the framework of the creation of justice, as well as the understanding that private land ownership is respected in Islam, as part of the goal in enforcing syari’at: to keep the possessions of the umat (hifdhul maal). Not only on the implementation, Pertanu also defend and fight for the peasants when they were expelled, and their lands were taken over (counter-landreform) post 1965. Based on the archived of ANRI and local military documents, this article record the institutional history of Pertanu and its struggle to defent the peasants after 1965, and the dynamic of the implementation of land reform and its backflow in Banyuwangi, East Java. The description of historical experiences of this peasant organization is equipped by contextual reflection and its revitalization on current era when facing contemporary agrarian issues. Intisari: Secara historiografis berkembang pemahaman yang keliru bahwa landreform era 1960-an di Indonesia hanya didukung oleh partai berpaham komunisme. Sedangkan partai berbasiskan agama, berada pada pihak yang berseberangan, baik secara ideologis maupun sosiologis. Artikel ini membantah simplifikasi pemahaman sejarah tersebut dengan menunjukkan bahwa Nahdlatul Ulama mendukung kebijakan landreform. Dukungan itu dalam kerangka penciptaan keadilan sekaligus pemahaman bahwa kepemilikan tanah pribadi dihormati di dalam Islam, sebab merupakan bagian dari tujuan penegakan syari’at: menjaga harta benda umat (hifdhul maal). Tidak hanya pada tahap pelaksanaan, Pertanu bahkan juga membela dan memperjuangkan kaum tani tatkala mereka diusir dan diambil-alih tanahnya kembali (counter-landreform) pasca 1965. Berdasarkan arsip dari ANRI dan dokumen militer daerah, artikel ini merekam sejarah kelembagaan Pertanu dan perjuangannya dalam membela kaum tani pasca 1965, serta dinamika pelaksanaan landreform dan arus baliknya yang terjadi di Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Uraian pengalaman sejarah perjalanan organisasi tani ini dilengkapi dengan refleksi kontekstualitasi dan revitalisasinya pada era saat ini tetkala berhadapan dengan masalah-masalah agraria kontemporer.

scholarly journals Agrarian policy of the Ukrainian State on the journals of the meetings of the Council of Ministers

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Dmytro Volodymyrovych Arkhireyskyi
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Policy Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Command ◽  
Council Of Ministers

The information content of the journals (minutes) of the meetings of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian State (1918) is investigated, which makes it possible to clarify the specifics of governmental agrarian policy. Information on the influence of the German and Austro-Hungarian military command on the agrarian policy of Ukraine, the peculiarities of land ownership and agrarian relations, the food and price policy of the Ukrainian government, and attempts at agrarian and land reform are discussed. The journals of the meetings of the Council of Ministers contain information about the emergence of a peasant rebel movement, caused in general by the unsuccessful agrarian activity of Hetman P. Skoropadsky, and also about government measures aimed at suppressing this movement. The investigated documentary complex should be recognized as an important source on the history of not only the Ukrainian State, its agrarian policy, but also the insurrectional movement and the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917−1921 generally.

From Seminary to University in Quebec: de la théologie aux études religieuses

2021 ◽  
pp. 000842982110453
Author(s):  
Géraldine Mossière
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epistemological Issue ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Religion In Canada

In his book ‘From Seminary to University: An Institutional History of the Study of Religion in Canada’, Aaron Hughes offers a comprehensive portrait of the historical construction of the study of religion in Canada. While Hughes explains in-depth the social, political and historical conditions of production of knowledge on religion as an academic domain in provinces of Protestant heritage, his contribution is less thorough regarding the development of this academic field in the province of Quebec. In this article, I depict how the creation of institutions of knowledge in Quebec hinged around the Catholic hegemony that lasted since the inception of the colony, namely among faculties of theologies that framed main historical universities. I also argue that this heritage has shaped the ongoing construction of the study of religion as an epistemological issue between Catholic theologians and religious studies scholars.

Evolution of shared land ownership in agriculture of modern Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 726-734
Author(s):  
G.A. Polunin ◽  
V.V. Alakoz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Authorized Capital

The article provides a brief analysis of the content and results of the implementation of models for organizing agricultural production during the land reform in Russia in the 80-90s. The article contains the main stages of land reform, confirmed by legislative and regulatory legal acts of the state. It has been established that shared land ownership in agriculture has a number of specific economic functions: quasi-property, goods, capital and property. The studies demonstrated that the allocation of land shares and their transformation into land plots is a condition for the implementation of the production function of quasi-ownership of land shares. For this reason, land shares, including unclaimed ones, not allocated to land plots, should not be classified as full-fledged private land ownership. When equity ownership is included into the authorized capital of an economic entity, and the agreement on the transfer of rights with the legal successor is not assigned, the right holder loses all rights to the transferred land shares. The existence of such an agreement does not guarantee that the right holder will receive any payments for the use of such property by the legal successor. Individuals who invested land shares in the authorized capital of an economic entity did not have any economic benefit from the reform, and those who converted land shares into a land plot received land property, the price of which has risen in dozen times since the beginning of the land reform.

The Word from a Walrus: Five Decades of the History of Education Society

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne J. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
Education Society ◽  
Education Organization ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Intellectual Movements ◽  
Intellectual Movement

This essay is an attempt at an institutional history of the History of Education Society (HES), from its inception in 1960 to the present day. As an institutional history, a genre with which I am generally, and not altogether favorably associated, it is not an intellectual history. Thus, many of the intellectual currents and cross-currents, as well as the History of Education Quarterly (HEQ), the journal of the HES in which these intellectual movements were featured, are slighted in this presentation. I deal extensively with one intellectual movement within the field, the Bernard Bailyn-Lawrence Cremin critique of the field as too institutional and intellectually narrow, because it was so intimately involved with the creation of the HES, and the attendant de-emphasis, if not rejection, of the institutional history of education that was dominant in the pre-HES history of education organization. I hope that what follows will be interesting enough to my listeners and readers to explain to them the reasons for my choices.

CONCEITOS GEOGRÁFICOS NA GESTÃO DAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO BRASILEIRAS

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (42) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Lilian Miranda Garcia ◽  
Jasmine Cardozo Moreira ◽  
Robert Burns
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Protected Area Management ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Government Action ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Biodiversity Protection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

Resumo: No Brasil a criação de Unidades de Conservação é a mais importante ação do governo em prol da proteção da biodiversidade. No entanto, a constituição de espaços protegidos gera inúmeros conflitos. Assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar como conceitos da geografia se inserem nas discussões sobre a gestão das Unidades de Conservação brasileiras. Para tal o texto parte do histórico de criação das Unidades de Conservação, identificando aspectos preservacionistas e conservacionistas, e mais tardiamente a incorporação das questões referentes à proteção aos modos de vida das populações tradicionais, discutidos à luz das categorias geográficas: território, paisagem e lugar. O trabalho aborda ocorrência de conflitos em função de sobreposição de territorialidades, as dificuldades de consolidação do patrimônio natural por parte da sociedade e o restabelecimento da relação de pertencimento pelas Unidades de Conservação através da visitação e da interpretação ambiental.Palavras-chave: Unidades de Conservação. Gestão. Parques. Conceitos geográficos GEOGRAPHICAL CONCEPTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BRAZILIAN CONSERVATION UNITSAbstract: In Brazil, the creation of Protected Areas is the most important government action for biodiversity protection. However the creation of protected areas can generate many conflicts. This article aims to analyze how geography concepts fall in the discussion on the management of the Brazilian Protected Areas. The manuscript will discuss the history of the creation of protected areas, including preservationist and conservationist aspects, as well as the protection of livelihoods of traditional peoples. We will also focus on a discussion of geographical categories, including land, landscape and place. This discussion focuses on the occurrence of conflicts in land ownership and uses, and the difficulties in developing conservation units. Finally, we will examine the natural heritage and restoration of the settings through environmental interpretation.Keywords: Protected Area. Management. Parks. Geographical concepts. CONCEPTOS GEOGRÁFICOS EN LA GESTIÓN DE LAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVACIÓN BRASILEÑASResumen: En Brasil la creación de Unidades de Conservación es la más importante acción del gobierno en favor de la protección de la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, la constitución de espacios protegidos genera numerosos conflictos. Así, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar cómo los conceptos de la geografía pueden ser inseridos en las discusiones sobre la gestión de las Unidades de Conservación brasileñas. Para esto, el texto empeza con el histórico de creación de las Unidades de Conservación, identificando aspectos preservacionistas y conservacionistas, sigue con la incorporación de las cuestiones referentes a la protección de los modos de vida de las poblaciones tradicionales, discutidos a la luz de las categorías geográficas: territorio, paisaje y lugar. Este artigo aborda la ocurrencia de conflictos en función de superposición de territorialidades, las dificultades de consolidación del patrimonio natural por parte de la sociedad y el restablecimiento de la relación de pertenencia por las Unidades de Conservación a través de la visita turística y la interpretación ambiental.Palabras clave: Unidades de Conservación. Gestión. Parques. Conceptos geográficos.

Land reform will drive controversies in Barbuda

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Land System ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
The Government ◽  
Future Economic Development

Subject Land reform. Significance On January 2, the government of Antigua and Barbuda pushed through parliament a controversial land reform that ended Barbuda’s long-standing communal land system and established private land ownership. The government argued that the change was necessary to assist Barbuda’s recovery after Hurricane Irma, but there were broad issues of concern relating to the balance of power between the two islands, the means of enactment of the reforms and the government's priorities for the future economic development of both Barbuda and Antigua. Impacts The land reform will face legal challenges that will likely prove successful. Efforts to strengthen the unitary nature of Antigua and Barbuda may backfire, although secession is currently unlikely. Development options are limited, and rising dependency on tourism will be a real risk.

scholarly journals Land Policy in Hungary 1944–1967

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Dániel Luka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social History ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Private Land ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Revolution

The topic of this study is land legislation and its implementation in Hungary between 1944 and 1967. In the paper, the different types of communist land policy methods were analysed, focusing on abolishing private land ownership and private land use. In this context, the fundamental elements and development of land legislation, furthermore basic trends and changes in land structure are assessed. The land law was not codified in the communist dictatorship, but the attempts of such codification are explored in the paper, which occurred during the “new course” (1953/1954–1955), started around the revolution in the autumn of 1956, and a third in 1962 after mass collectivization. As a result of political change and the aftermath of the revolution, private farmers received twice land back in private ownership and private use. The analysis points out that strengthening private land ownership had a better chance in the “new course” than after the revolution in 1956. Land transfer and lease were restricted from 1948 but increased between 1953 and 1955, and again between 1956 and 1959 during the relaxed agrarian policy. The regulations were implemented in a radical fashion between 1948/1949 and 1953 generally, and legislation on land use, land consolidation, and “waiver” multiplied efforts to abolish private farms. Because of this reason, the idea of the gradual transformation of the countryside was abandoned, “kulaks” were discriminated and their estates liquidated. Imre Nagy and others recognized the paradox situation and initiated corrections, which paved the way and did result in a whole new economic policy in July 1953. On the other hand, after 1956, the new regime set a new upper limit of private farms and started another wave of expropriation. The records indicate that the main method of taking private land in state ownership was “waiver” of land and expropriation until 1967. Private land ownership was finally abolished by creating cooperative ownership. The study can be considered a case study to the account of the legal, economic, and social history of the communist dictatorship.

CONCEITOS GEOGRÁFICOS NA GESTÃO DAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO BRASILEIRAS

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (42) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Lilian Miranda Garcia ◽  
Jasmine Cardozo Moreira ◽  
Robert Burns
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Protected Area Management ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Government Action ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Biodiversity Protection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

Resumo: No Brasil a criação de Unidades de Conservação é a mais importante ação do governo em prol da proteção da biodiversidade. No entanto, a constituição de espaços protegidos gera inúmeros conflitos. Assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar como conceitos da geografia se inserem nas discussões sobre a gestão das Unidades de Conservação brasileiras. Para tal o texto parte do histórico de criação das Unidades de Conservação, identificando aspectos preservacionistas e conservacionistas, e mais tardiamente a incorporação das questões referentes à proteção aos modos de vida das populações tradicionais, discutidos à luz das categorias geográficas: território, paisagem e lugar. O trabalho aborda ocorrência de conflitos em função de sobreposição de territorialidades, as dificuldades de consolidação do patrimônio natural por parte da sociedade e o restabelecimento da relação de pertencimento pelas Unidades de Conservação através da visitação e da interpretação ambiental.Palavras-chave: Unidades de Conservação. Gestão. Parques. Conceitos geográficos GEOGRAPHICAL CONCEPTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BRAZILIAN CONSERVATION UNITSAbstract: In Brazil, the creation of Protected Areas is the most important government action for biodiversity protection. However the creation of protected areas can generate many conflicts. This article aims to analyze how geography concepts fall in the discussion on the management of the Brazilian Protected Areas. The manuscript will discuss the history of the creation of protected areas, including preservationist and conservationist aspects, as well as the protection of livelihoods of traditional peoples. We will also focus on a discussion of geographical categories, including land, landscape and place. This discussion focuses on the occurrence of conflicts in land ownership and uses, and the difficulties in developing conservation units. Finally, we will examine the natural heritage and restoration of the settings through environmental interpretation.Keywords: Protected Area. Management. Parks. Geographical concepts. CONCEPTOS GEOGRÁFICOS EN LA GESTIÓN DE LAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVACIÓN BRASILEÑASResumen: En Brasil la creación de Unidades de Conservación es la más importante acción del gobierno en favor de la protección de la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, la constitución de espacios protegidos genera numerosos conflictos. Así, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar cómo los conceptos de la geografía pueden ser inseridos en las discusiones sobre la gestión de las Unidades de Conservación brasileñas. Para esto, el texto empeza con el histórico de creación de las Unidades de Conservación, identificando aspectos preservacionistas y conservacionistas, sigue con la incorporación de las cuestiones referentes a la protección de los modos de vida de las poblaciones tradicionales, discutidos a la luz de las categorías geográficas: territorio, paisaje y lugar. Este artigo aborda la ocurrencia de conflictos en función de superposición de territorialidades, las dificultades de consolidación del patrimonio natural por parte de la sociedad y el restablecimiento de la relación de pertenencia por las Unidades de Conservación a través de la visita turística y la interpretación ambiental.Palabras clave: Unidades de Conservación. Gestión. Parques. Conceptos geográficos.

scholarly journals CONCEITOS GEOGRÁFICOS NA GESTÃO DAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO BRASILEIRAS

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (42) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Lilian Miranda Garcia ◽  
Jasmine Cardozo Moreira ◽  
Robert Burns
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Protected Area Management ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Government Action ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Biodiversity Protection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

Resumo: No Brasil a criação de Unidades de Conservação é a mais importante ação do governo em prol da proteção da biodiversidade. No entanto, a constituição de espaços protegidos gera inúmeros conflitos. Assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar como conceitos da geografia se inserem nas discussões sobre a gestão das Unidades de Conservação brasileiras. Para tal o texto parte do histórico de criação das Unidades de Conservação, identificando aspectos preservacionistas e conservacionistas, e mais tardiamente a incorporação das questões referentes à proteção aos modos de vida das populações tradicionais, discutidos à luz das categorias geográficas: território, paisagem e lugar. O trabalho aborda ocorrência de conflitos em função de sobreposição de territorialidades, as dificuldades de consolidação do patrimônio natural por parte da sociedade e o restabelecimento da relação de pertencimento pelas Unidades de Conservação através da visitação e da interpretação ambiental.Palavras-chave: Unidades de Conservação. Gestão. Parques. Conceitos geográficos GEOGRAPHICAL CONCEPTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BRAZILIAN CONSERVATION UNITSAbstract: In Brazil, the creation of Protected Areas is the most important government action for biodiversity protection. However the creation of protected areas can generate many conflicts. This article aims to analyze how geography concepts fall in the discussion on the management of the Brazilian Protected Areas. The manuscript will discuss the history of the creation of protected areas, including preservationist and conservationist aspects, as well as the protection of livelihoods of traditional peoples. We will also focus on a discussion of geographical categories, including land, landscape and place. This discussion focuses on the occurrence of conflicts in land ownership and uses, and the difficulties in developing conservation units. Finally, we will examine the natural heritage and restoration of the settings through environmental interpretation.Keywords: Protected Area. Management. Parks. Geographical concepts. CONCEPTOS GEOGRÁFICOS EN LA GESTIÓN DE LAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVACIÓN BRASILEÑASResumen: En Brasil la creación de Unidades de Conservación es la más importante acción del gobierno en favor de la protección de la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, la constitución de espacios protegidos genera numerosos conflictos. Así, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar cómo los conceptos de la geografía pueden ser inseridos en las discusiones sobre la gestión de las Unidades de Conservación brasileñas. Para esto, el texto empeza con el histórico de creación de las Unidades de Conservación, identificando aspectos preservacionistas y conservacionistas, sigue con la incorporación de las cuestiones referentes a la protección de los modos de vida de las poblaciones tradicionales, discutidos a la luz de las categorías geográficas: territorio, paisaje y lugar. Este artigo aborda la ocurrencia de conflictos en función de superposición de territorialidades, las dificultades de consolidación del patrimonio natural por parte de la sociedad y el restablecimiento de la relación de pertenencia por las Unidades de Conservación a través de la visita turística y la interpretación ambiental.Palabras clave: Unidades de Conservación. Gestión. Parques. Conceptos geográficos.

scholarly journals Land Ownership Reform in Islam

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Ridwan Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ownership Reform

This article shows that Islam has laid the foundations of agrarian law reform or land reform, from the oppressive and exploitative pre-Islamic system of land ownership towards the fair, equitable and humanist-religious-based distribution of land ownership. The purpose of agrarian reform cannot be separated from the objectives of the law in general, that is to create justice, expediency and law certainty which describe the legal values either juridical, sociological or philosophical. To explain the idea of agrarian reform in Islamic law, there are some discussions proving the existence of the notion of land ownership reform in terms of the process of land right ownership and patterns of land distribution by the State based on the historical data, especially early history of Islam. Shifting paradigm from the feudalist pre-Islamic ownership system to the communalist-religious Islamic ownership system under the single authority of the head of state on the basis of the principle of fairness rests on the spirit to realize the ideals of public benefit.

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