Undesirable Governance

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-214
Author(s):  
Tang Hao ◽  
Mao Yexin

Since World War ii, international non-governmental organizations (ingos) have in general enjoyed significant development although their complete international legal status is not practically in place. However, during the recent course of accelerated economic globalization and waning national sovereignty, ingos’ development has been limited by the laws framed by the ingo-importing countries. This paper attempts to portray the dynamics of ingos’ legal environment by comparing the legal frameworks in different kinds of ingo-importing countries. It is concluded that different legal environments reflected the different clashes among sovereign states, global market and civil societies.

Author(s):  
Michał Figura ◽  
Robert W. Mysłajek

The authors analyse the political dialogue regarding wolf protection between pro-nature nongovernmental organizations, hunters and politicians in Poland. Despite strong pressure of hunting lobbies legal status of the wolf has changed significantly, from animal heavily persecuted after Second World War to species strictly protected in whole country since 1998. In 21st century opposition towards wolf protection is fuelled by hunters and politicians connected with them. The analysis shown that strong voice of non-governmental organizations is needed to sustain wolf protection in Poland.


Author(s):  
Андрій Матвійчук

Сформульовано визначення поняття «міжнародна неурядова організація» (МНУО) як організоване об'єднання представників громадськості різних країн, створене відповідно до національного законодавства для досягнення цілей і завдань розвитку громадянського суспільства й міжнародних відносин, що діє відповідно до загальновизнаних принципів Уставу ООН і норм міжнародного права на території двох і більше держав і володіє консультативним статусом. З’ясовано, що видовими ознаками, які містять у собі: цілі й завдання, характер діяльності, форму організації, наявність консультативного статусу тощо визначається відмінність міжнародної НУО від інших суб'єктів міжнародних відносин. Такі родові ознаки (як от: факт об'єднання людей, наявність постійних органів управління, Статуту тощо) є загальними для всього класу (роду) організацій. Обгрунтовано, що МНУО як учасник міжнародних відносин, є суб'єктом міжнародного права, однак їх правосуб'єктність має функціональний характер, тобто обмежений її консультативним статусом. Продемонстровано, що МНУО є неофіційною сполучною ланкою між національними урядами й міжнародним співтовариством, беруть активну участь у розробці міжнародних стандартів, методів, моделей і співвідносять їхню національну значимість з міжнародно-правовою. Зазначається, що у національному законодавстві України спостерігається тенденція оптимальної розробки питань, що стосуються правового статусу МНУО з огляду на міжнародні принципи й стандарти. Водночас, не можна йти шляхом повного їхнього копіювання, оскільки держава, ґрунтуючись на своєму суспільно-історичному досвіді, досвіді функціонування правової системи, на існуючих суспільних відносинах і своїх національних інтересах, сама має право визначати правовий статус МНУО. Пропонується у змінах до закону «Про неурядові організації» відобразити основну ідею, яка полягає в тому, що неурядові організації є ядром громадянського суспільства, найважливішим фактором розвитку демократичної держави й міжнародних відносин, засобом реалізації громадянами своїх прав і свобод. Matviichuk Andriy V. Activities of international nongovernmental organizations in the legislative and legal space of Ukraine The definition of the concept of "international non-governmental organization" (international NGO) as an organized association of representatives of the public of different countries, formulated in accordance with the national legislation for the achievement of the goals and objectives of the development of civil society and international relations acting in accordance with the generally recognized principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the norms of international law on the territory of two or more states and has consultative status. It was found out that the specific features that include: goals and objectives, the nature of activity, the form of organization, the presence of consultative status, etc., is determined by the distinction of the international NGO from other subjects of international relations. Such generic attributes (such as the fact of association of people, the presence of permanent bodies of government, the Statute, etc.) are common to the entire class (kind of) organizations. It is substantiated that international NGO as a participant in international relations is a subject of international law, but their legal personality is functional, that is, limited by its consultative status. It has been demonstrated that the international NGO is an informal link between national governments and the international community and is actively involved in the development of international standards, methods, models and their national relevance with international legal law. It is noted that in the national legislation of Ukraine there is a tendency for the optimal development of issues related to the legal status of the international NGO, taking into account international principles and standards. At the same time, it is impossible to go through the full copying of them, since the state, on the basis of its socio-historical experience, the experience of functioning of the legal system, in existing social relations and its national interests, has the right to determine the legal status of the Ministry of the Interior. The proposed amendments to the law "On Non-Governmental Organizations" reflect the basic idea that non-governmental organizations are the core of civil society, the most important factor in the development of a democratic state and international relations, as a means of citizens' realization of their rights and freedoms.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Zsolt Nagy

In 1924 Hungary ratified and codified the 1912 Hague International Opium Convention, the first international drug control treaty. However, the new law that regulated and later criminalized the usage of narcotics in Hungary was not the result of internal debate and had no real domestic political will behind it. In contrary, this law was the result of external demands as Article 230 of the post-World War I Trianon Treaty required Hungary to join the Hague Convention. This paper examines what the contemporary Hungarian attitude towards drugs and drug users was. In order to answer how this attitude developed and changed, the following study examines how the contemporary media, artists and intellectuals and various governmental and non-governmental organizations discussed and represented the issue of narcotics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Thomas Just

Since reunification in 1990, the German government has taken numerous steps to counter antisemitism and improve its relations with the Jewish community more broadly. Its approach has consisted primarily of two parts: antiradicalization legal measures and public diplomacy. In terms of legal measures, Germany has banned hate speech and incitement, adjusted immigration policy for Jews, and granted Judaism full legal status. In terms of public diplomacy, Germany has created a network of both governmental and non-governmental organizations to counter antisemitic attitudes within domestic society and to demonstrate progress abroad. This article examines these facets of the German approach, evaluates its success through an analysis of extremist group membership and survey data measuring antisemitic attitudes, and discusses some evolving challenges to which the approach must adapt.


Res Publica ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Mark Van Den Wijngaert ◽  
E. Lamberts ◽  
P. Van De Meerssche

The article gives a review of inedited sources dealing with the Belgian contribution to European integration in the years 1945-1955. Such sources are kept in the Algemeen Rijksarchief (the Belgian Central Archives), in the Parliament, various ministerial departments, the Navorsings- en Studiecentrum voor de Geschiedenis van de Tweede Wereldoorlog (the Research- and Study Centre for the History of the Second World war), study centres of the major political parties, a number of non-governmental organizations as well as the private archives of a number of politicians.


Author(s):  
Rıfat KARABAŞ

Social problems are constantly increasing in the world and the most effective field of work for solving these problems is social entrepreneurship. Although a new concept of social entrepreneurship in the world and is rapidly gaining popularity in Turkey. However, social enterprises do not have a legal basis in Turkey. Therefore innovative social problems in Turkey and movement areas of social enterprises generating sustainable solutions are provided through non-governmental organizations. In addition, social enterprises create new business models with innovative and sustainable solutions to solve social problems. They also create employment with the business models they create. In this way, they contribute to the social and economic development of the country. Although not literally have no legal status in Turkey, they form networks of social enterprises and social enterprise are also available. However, many opportunities for the support of social initiatives and social enterprises in Turkey are also ideas. However, the field of studies should be expanded and social entrepreneurship should be more widespread. In this context, the number of social enterprises and collaborations to support them should be increased in order to solve the ever-increasing social problems. For these reasons, suggestions were made for the dissemination and strengthening of social entrepreneurship.


Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Pasquini ◽  
James A. Fitzsimons ◽  
Stuart Cowell ◽  
Katrina Brandon ◽  
Geoff Wescott

AbstractPrivate nature reserves created by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are increasing, and their growing number and extent means that they can potentially contribute to biodiversity goals at a global scale. However, the success of these reserves depends on the legal, economic and institutional conditions framing their creation and management. We explored these conditions, and the opportunities and challenges facing conservation organizations in managing private nature reserves, across several countries, with an emphasis on Australia. Results from 17 semi-structured interviews with representatives of private conservation organizations indicated that while private reserves may enhance the conservation estate, challenges remain. Legal frameworks, especially tenure and economic laws, vary across and within countries, presenting conservation organizations with significant opportunities or constraints to owning and/or managing private nature reserves. Many acquired land without strategic acquisition procedures and secured funding for property acquisition but not management, affecting the long-term maintenance of properties. Other typical problems were tied to the institutional capacity of the organizations. Greater planning within organizations, especially financial planning, is required and NGOs must understand opportunities and constraints present in legislative frameworks at the outset. Organizations must establish their expertise gaps and address them. To this end, partnerships between organizations and/or with government can prove critical.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p171
Author(s):  
Dr. V. Sudhakar

A number of efforts have been initiated by the state in collaboration with various non-governmental organizations for extending quality schooling and to raise academic standards for providing opportunities to tribes in the national and global market. In spite of many top-level interventions, the present status of tribal education is not satisfactory and the schooling system has not become children and community centric. There is an immediate need to rethink and critically reflect on the fundamental assumptions and basic underpinnings of the teaching learning processes and most importantly the curricular practices in the educational settings. This paper is an attempt construct culture sensitive and child friendly curriculum framework for tribal school education.


Author(s):  
Ye. Herasymenko

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept and classification of foreign citizens and stateless persons in Ukraine. Legal acts in this field, theoretical concepts and provisions of international acts, foreign practice of legislative regulation are studied. This analysis was conducted in order to improve the legal regulation of the legal status of non-citizens of Ukraine and to ensure the protection of those who need it, in particular through administrative and legal instruments. On the basis of the conducted research theoretical and legal problems and gaps and inconsistencies with the legislation of Ukraine are revealed; developed proposals for its improvement. It is proposed to include into the legislation of Ukraine the general concept of “non-citizen of Ukraine” as a general notion for foreign citizens and stateless persons. The criterion to distinguish persons from this category is the fact that a person has the citizenship of Ukraine. At the same time, the legal status of all non-citizens is characterized by the absence of the same scope of rights and obligations for all these persons, defined by the Constitution of Ukraine only for its citizens – “citizens” rights and responsibilities. The article also proposes to improve the classification of non-citizens (foreigners and stateless persons). In particular, it is proposed to single out the following types of non-citizens according to the criterion of stay on the territory of Ukraine: 1. Persons temporarily staying in Ukraine.2. Persons temporarily residing in Ukraine, in particular, who arrived in Ukraine:2.1. for employment;2.2. to participate in the implementation of international technical assistance projects;2.3. for religious purposes or to participate in the activities of public (non-governmental) organizations of foreign states;2.4. for work in branches or representative offices of foreign business entities;2.5. for cultural, scientific, educational activities,2.6. in order to participate in volunteer activities;2.7. for the purpose of training;2.8. in order to control the activities of a legal entity registered in Ukraine;2.9. to reunite the family.3. Persons permanently residing in Ukraine.


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