scholarly journals Аdministrative and legal status of non-governmental organizations in Ukraine

Author(s):  
Maryana Tsvok
Author(s):  
Андрій Матвійчук

Сформульовано визначення поняття «міжнародна неурядова організація» (МНУО) як організоване об'єднання представників громадськості різних країн, створене відповідно до національного законодавства для досягнення цілей і завдань розвитку громадянського суспільства й міжнародних відносин, що діє відповідно до загальновизнаних принципів Уставу ООН і норм міжнародного права на території двох і більше держав і володіє консультативним статусом. З’ясовано, що видовими ознаками, які містять у собі: цілі й завдання, характер діяльності, форму організації, наявність консультативного статусу тощо визначається відмінність міжнародної НУО від інших суб'єктів міжнародних відносин. Такі родові ознаки (як от: факт об'єднання людей, наявність постійних органів управління, Статуту тощо) є загальними для всього класу (роду) організацій. Обгрунтовано, що МНУО як учасник міжнародних відносин, є суб'єктом міжнародного права, однак їх правосуб'єктність має функціональний характер, тобто обмежений її консультативним статусом. Продемонстровано, що МНУО є неофіційною сполучною ланкою між національними урядами й міжнародним співтовариством, беруть активну участь у розробці міжнародних стандартів, методів, моделей і співвідносять їхню національну значимість з міжнародно-правовою. Зазначається, що у національному законодавстві України спостерігається тенденція оптимальної розробки питань, що стосуються правового статусу МНУО з огляду на міжнародні принципи й стандарти. Водночас, не можна йти шляхом повного їхнього копіювання, оскільки держава, ґрунтуючись на своєму суспільно-історичному досвіді, досвіді функціонування правової системи, на існуючих суспільних відносинах і своїх національних інтересах, сама має право визначати правовий статус МНУО. Пропонується у змінах до закону «Про неурядові організації» відобразити основну ідею, яка полягає в тому, що неурядові організації є ядром громадянського суспільства, найважливішим фактором розвитку демократичної держави й міжнародних відносин, засобом реалізації громадянами своїх прав і свобод. Matviichuk Andriy V. Activities of international nongovernmental organizations in the legislative and legal space of Ukraine The definition of the concept of "international non-governmental organization" (international NGO) as an organized association of representatives of the public of different countries, formulated in accordance with the national legislation for the achievement of the goals and objectives of the development of civil society and international relations acting in accordance with the generally recognized principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the norms of international law on the territory of two or more states and has consultative status. It was found out that the specific features that include: goals and objectives, the nature of activity, the form of organization, the presence of consultative status, etc., is determined by the distinction of the international NGO from other subjects of international relations. Such generic attributes (such as the fact of association of people, the presence of permanent bodies of government, the Statute, etc.) are common to the entire class (kind of) organizations. It is substantiated that international NGO as a participant in international relations is a subject of international law, but their legal personality is functional, that is, limited by its consultative status. It has been demonstrated that the international NGO is an informal link between national governments and the international community and is actively involved in the development of international standards, methods, models and their national relevance with international legal law. It is noted that in the national legislation of Ukraine there is a tendency for the optimal development of issues related to the legal status of the international NGO, taking into account international principles and standards. At the same time, it is impossible to go through the full copying of them, since the state, on the basis of its socio-historical experience, the experience of functioning of the legal system, in existing social relations and its national interests, has the right to determine the legal status of the Ministry of the Interior. The proposed amendments to the law "On Non-Governmental Organizations" reflect the basic idea that non-governmental organizations are the core of civil society, the most important factor in the development of a democratic state and international relations, as a means of citizens' realization of their rights and freedoms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Thomas Just

Since reunification in 1990, the German government has taken numerous steps to counter antisemitism and improve its relations with the Jewish community more broadly. Its approach has consisted primarily of two parts: antiradicalization legal measures and public diplomacy. In terms of legal measures, Germany has banned hate speech and incitement, adjusted immigration policy for Jews, and granted Judaism full legal status. In terms of public diplomacy, Germany has created a network of both governmental and non-governmental organizations to counter antisemitic attitudes within domestic society and to demonstrate progress abroad. This article examines these facets of the German approach, evaluates its success through an analysis of extremist group membership and survey data measuring antisemitic attitudes, and discusses some evolving challenges to which the approach must adapt.


Author(s):  
Rıfat KARABAŞ

Social problems are constantly increasing in the world and the most effective field of work for solving these problems is social entrepreneurship. Although a new concept of social entrepreneurship in the world and is rapidly gaining popularity in Turkey. However, social enterprises do not have a legal basis in Turkey. Therefore innovative social problems in Turkey and movement areas of social enterprises generating sustainable solutions are provided through non-governmental organizations. In addition, social enterprises create new business models with innovative and sustainable solutions to solve social problems. They also create employment with the business models they create. In this way, they contribute to the social and economic development of the country. Although not literally have no legal status in Turkey, they form networks of social enterprises and social enterprise are also available. However, many opportunities for the support of social initiatives and social enterprises in Turkey are also ideas. However, the field of studies should be expanded and social entrepreneurship should be more widespread. In this context, the number of social enterprises and collaborations to support them should be increased in order to solve the ever-increasing social problems. For these reasons, suggestions were made for the dissemination and strengthening of social entrepreneurship.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-214
Author(s):  
Tang Hao ◽  
Mao Yexin

Since World War ii, international non-governmental organizations (ingos) have in general enjoyed significant development although their complete international legal status is not practically in place. However, during the recent course of accelerated economic globalization and waning national sovereignty, ingos’ development has been limited by the laws framed by the ingo-importing countries. This paper attempts to portray the dynamics of ingos’ legal environment by comparing the legal frameworks in different kinds of ingo-importing countries. It is concluded that different legal environments reflected the different clashes among sovereign states, global market and civil societies.


Author(s):  
Ye. Herasymenko

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept and classification of foreign citizens and stateless persons in Ukraine. Legal acts in this field, theoretical concepts and provisions of international acts, foreign practice of legislative regulation are studied. This analysis was conducted in order to improve the legal regulation of the legal status of non-citizens of Ukraine and to ensure the protection of those who need it, in particular through administrative and legal instruments. On the basis of the conducted research theoretical and legal problems and gaps and inconsistencies with the legislation of Ukraine are revealed; developed proposals for its improvement. It is proposed to include into the legislation of Ukraine the general concept of “non-citizen of Ukraine” as a general notion for foreign citizens and stateless persons. The criterion to distinguish persons from this category is the fact that a person has the citizenship of Ukraine. At the same time, the legal status of all non-citizens is characterized by the absence of the same scope of rights and obligations for all these persons, defined by the Constitution of Ukraine only for its citizens – “citizens” rights and responsibilities. The article also proposes to improve the classification of non-citizens (foreigners and stateless persons). In particular, it is proposed to single out the following types of non-citizens according to the criterion of stay on the territory of Ukraine: 1. Persons temporarily staying in Ukraine.2. Persons temporarily residing in Ukraine, in particular, who arrived in Ukraine:2.1. for employment;2.2. to participate in the implementation of international technical assistance projects;2.3. for religious purposes or to participate in the activities of public (non-governmental) organizations of foreign states;2.4. for work in branches or representative offices of foreign business entities;2.5. for cultural, scientific, educational activities,2.6. in order to participate in volunteer activities;2.7. for the purpose of training;2.8. in order to control the activities of a legal entity registered in Ukraine;2.9. to reunite the family.3. Persons permanently residing in Ukraine.


Author(s):  
Татьяна Сергеевна Хван

По данным Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний, на 1 января 2019 г. в местах лишения свободы содержалось 28 741 осужденных - иностранных граждан и лиц без гражданства. Иностранный сегмент среди осужденных в России требует своего внимания для разрешения вопросов правового положения, оптимизации средств и методов достижения целей наказания, ресоциализации, постпенитенциарной адаптации или реинтеграции в общество. В статье приводятся результаты анализа уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства европейских государств - разработчиков международных стандартов по обращению с осужденными (заключенными), накопленный опыт демократического развития систем исполнения наказаний (Бельгия, Великобритания, Германия, Норвегия, Финляндия, Швейцария и др.), а также результаты проектных исследований Совета Европы и исследования отдельных зарубежных авторов. Имплементация успешного опыта зарубежных государств в отечественное законодательство представляет важное направление в деятельности уголовно-исполнительной системы. Опыт европейских стран по разрешению языковых проблем, использованию возвращения на родину (выдворения) как меры ресоциализации иностранного преступника, функционированию специализированных пенитенциарных учреждений для иностранцев, взаимодействию с неправительственными организациями, занимающимися проблемами заключенных и иностранцами, по мнению автора, может быть использован в России. According to the Federal Penal Service of Russian Federation, as of January 1, 2019, 28,741 convicts - foreigners and stateless persons were detained in places of imprisonment. The foreign segment among convicts in Russia requires attention to resolve issues of legal status, optimization of means and methods of achieving the goals of punishment, re-socialization, post-penitentiary adaptation or reintegration into society. The article presents the results of the analysis of the criminal and penal legislation of the European States developers of international standards for the treatment of convicts (prisoners), accumulated experience in the democratic development of penal systems (Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Norway, Finland, Switzerland, etc.), as well as the results of project studies of the Council of Europe and scientific researches of individual foreign authors. The implementation of successful experience of foreign countries in the domestic legislation is an important direction in the activities of the penal system. According to the author, the experience of European States in solving language problems, using return to the homeland (expulsion) as a measure of re-socialization of a foreign criminal, functioning of specialized penitentiary institutions for foreigners, interaction with non-governmental organizations dealing with the problems of prisoners and foreigners can be used in Russia.


10.12737/1930 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Владлена Лысенко ◽  
Vladlena Lysenko

The author has attempted to look at the phenomenon of non-governmental organizations from international and national legal points of view, to investigate the legal nature, place and role of NGOs in contemporary constitutional and international system, to explore and identify various forms and ways of the right for association, to analyze international legal and national sources on the topic, compare them and draw appropriate conclusions. The article analyzes the problems of civil society and human rights in the domestic and international legal dimension. Given the different definitions and approaches to the study of the legal status and activities of non-governmental organizations, this article uses the author’s definition of a public association, which is based on the right of everyone to freedom of association. The paper sets out a number of general theoretical and methodological recommendations to help improve the activities of public associations, the development of the legal framework of their functioning, enhance their prestige and influence among the citizens, a gradual reduction of conflict in society, the achievement of civil, political and legal consensus. Theoretical basis of scientific article are works of Russian and foreign scientists on common issues of law, human rights issues and activities of the legal status of public associations, as well as works on philosophy, sociology, history, political science and international relations.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
PAN Lin

The participation of social organizations in the process of public policy can make up for the limitations of the existing system, effectively safeguard the social interests at the core of the public interests and promote the sustainable development of the diversified society. However, in the process of participating in public policy, the social organizations of our country still face some factors such as unclear legal status of participation, insufficient operating funds, lack of professional talents and imperfect supervision system. We should take strategies and measures from the aspects of law, system and the self construction of non-governmental organizations, expand the scope and level of social organizations to participate in public policies, and promote the democratization and scientization of public administration in China.


Author(s):  
Michał Figura ◽  
Robert W. Mysłajek

The authors analyse the political dialogue regarding wolf protection between pro-nature nongovernmental organizations, hunters and politicians in Poland. Despite strong pressure of hunting lobbies legal status of the wolf has changed significantly, from animal heavily persecuted after Second World War to species strictly protected in whole country since 1998. In 21st century opposition towards wolf protection is fuelled by hunters and politicians connected with them. The analysis shown that strong voice of non-governmental organizations is needed to sustain wolf protection in Poland.


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