scholarly journals Is there a Central Andean Linguistic Area? A View from the Perspective of the “Minor” Languages

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Urban
Keyword(s):  
Central Andes ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
High Degree

In this article, I reconsider the evidence for a Central Andean linguistic area. I suggest that there is no evidence for a clear-cut linguistic area comprising the entire Central Andes narrowly defined, and that perceived homogeneity is partially due to an overemphasis on the largest and surviving Central Andean language families, Quechuan and Aymaran. I show that none of the other Central Andean languages known sufficiently well match their typological profile to a high degree. I make a contribution to a more adequate picture by discussing some typological aspects tentatively recoverable for the extinct and poorly documented languages of the North-Central Andes. These suggest that the North was the site of linguistic traits contrasting with those of Quechuan and Aymaran.

A Review of the Morid Fish Genus Halargyreus with First Records from the Western North Atlantic

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred Templeman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
North Central ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
The North

Three specimens of Halargyreus johnsonii taken on the southwestern and southeastern slopes of the Grand Bank in 1959 and 1964 are apparently the first records of this species and genus from the western Atlantic. These specimens are compared with the holotypes of H. johnsonii Günther and of H. brevipes Vaillant and with the syntypes of H. affinis Collett and also with specimens identified as H. affinis from the north-central and northeast Atlantic and with specimens of H. johnsonii from Madeira and New Zealand. These three nominal species are also compared. Is it concluded that for the present all North Atlantic specimens may be referred to H. johnsonii and that the other two species names should be considered as junior synonyms of H. johnsonii.The New Zealand specimens of Halargyreus, described by Günther (1887, Challenger Rept., 22(Zoology), p. 1–268) as H. johnsonii, have higher numbers for some meristic characters than Atlantic specimens of H. johnsonii but these differences are not too great to be possibly due to environmental differences. Pending the study of additional specimens in better condition, these New Zealand specimens are tentatively allowed to remain as H. johnsonii.

scholarly journals The Influence of Climate on Fruit Shape of Four Low-chill Peach Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1589-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd W. Wert ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
José X. Chaparro ◽  
E. Paul Miller ◽  
Robert E. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Southwest Florida ◽  
Deformation Index ◽  
The North

Fruit shape of four low-chill peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars was evaluated in north-central, central, and southwest Florida. During 2005, measurements were taken at all locations for cheek diameter, suture diameter, and tip protrusion. A suture deformation index was calculated (suture diameter/cheek diameter) to determine suture deformation. Fruit had more protruding tips and suture deformation was more pronounced at the southwest location than at the north-central or central locations. Overall, ‘TropicBeauty’ had more protruding tips than the other cultivars. It was concluded that warmer temperatures at the southwest location during fruit development affected fruit shape by increasing the incidence of protruding tips and pronounced sutures.

U-Pb geochronologic evidence for the evolution of the Gondwanan margin of the north-central Andes

2007 ◽  
Vol 119 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 697-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Chew ◽  
U. Schaltegger ◽  
J. Kosler ◽  
M. J. Whitehouse ◽  
M. Gutjahr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Andes ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North

Notes on South American Carex section Schiedeanae and description of the new species Carex roalsoniana

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO JIMÉNEZ-MEJÍAS ◽  
MARCIAL ESCUDERO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
The Other ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern South America

The new species Carex roalsoniana (Cyperaceae) from Ecuador and Peru (northern South America) is here described and illustrated. It is related to C. subandrogyna, a species that has been placed in section Schiedeanae. An additional incertae sedis species, Carex lepida from Ecuador, may also be related to them. Section Schiedanae is a morphologically well-defined group previously known from southern North America (southern USA and Mexico), and southern South America (northern Argentina and southern Bolivia). The new species presents very clear-cut characters that distinguish it from all the other members of the section. Specifically, C. roalsoniana and C. subandrogyna differ in utricle morphology (3.6–4.1 mm long, with a beak 0.5–1.2 mm in C. roalsoniana vs. 2.4–2.9 mm long, with a beak up to 0.3 mm long or beakless in C. subandrogyna) and leaves (up to 3–4 mm wide, stiff, in C. roalsoniana vs. up to 5.6–7.5 mm wide, very soft in C. subandrogyna). Carex lepida is easily distinguished from C. roalsoniana and C. subandrogyna because its habit (rhizomes elongated vs. rhizomes densely caespitose) and number of stigmas (two vs. three). The glabrous nerveless utricles of the three South American species distinguish them from the North American species of the section, which have scabrid to hispidulous, conspicuously nerved utricles. The formal ascription of C. lepida among the South American members of section Schiedeanae is also discussed. A brief key to distinguish C. lepida and C. roalsoniana from the other species of the section and the co-occurring species is provided.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Griffith Buck Roses for Resistance to Black Spot

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-591
Author(s):  
Daren S. Mueller ◽  
Mark L. Gleason ◽  
Nicholas P. Howell ◽  
Edward M. Moran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Central United States

Recently, roses (Rosa spp.) that require relatively little maintenance have gained in popularity in the United States. One group of these roses is the Griffith Buck roses, which were selected to survive the extremely cold winters of the north-central United States. Many of these roses were rated qualitatively as having disease resistance when they were released, but their resistance levels to black spot (Marssonina rosae) have not been quantified, compared with each other, or rated against other resistant or susceptible roses. In a field trial in Iowa in 2005 and 2006, 24 Griffith Buck roses that were originally described as disease resistant were compared with susceptible and resistant control cultivars for susceptibility to black spot. No fungicides were applied in either year. Plants were rated five times each year for black spot incidence, and also to assess overall plant appearance. Griffith Buck roses ‘Carefree Beauty’, ‘Aunt Honey’, ‘Honeysweet’, ‘Earthsong’, and ‘Pearlie Mae’ had significantly less black spot than many of the other cultivars. In addition, these cultivars also remained attractive and could be used in low-maintenance landscapes in the north-central United States, even under moderate black spot pressure.

Intonational diglossia: a case study of Glasgow

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Cruttenden
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
English Speaker ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Conversational Style ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Received Pronunciation

Auditory and acoustic data were produced from recordings of a Glaswegian English speaker in conversational and reading modes. Clearly different intonational systems were used in the two modes. The reading style used an intonation similar to that used in standard British intonation (the intonation of ‘Received Pronunciation’ (RPI)). The conversational style was an example of the type of intonation used in a number of cities in the north of the UK (Urban North British Intonation (UNBI)), characterised by a default intonation involving rising or rising-slumping nuclear pitch patterns. This speaker illustrates a clear-cut case of intonational diglossia with a falling default tune in the one mode and a rising(-falling) default tune in the other.

HER2Testing by Local, Central, and Reference Laboratories in Specimens From the North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 Intergroup Adjuvant Trial

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3032-3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith A. Perez ◽  
Vera J. Suman ◽  
Nancy E. Davidson ◽  
Silvana Martino ◽  
Peter A. Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
North Central ◽  
Adjuvant Trial ◽  
Her2 Testing ◽  
The North ◽  
High Degree

PurposeTo evaluate concordance between local and central laboratory HER2 testing results in patients from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) N9831 adjuvant trial of trastuzumab.Patients and MethodsNCCTG N9831 is a randomized, phase III clinical trial comparing three drug regimens: doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel with trastuzumab added concurrently, sequentially, or not at all as adjuvant therapy for women with HER2-positive resected breast cancer. Originally, patients were eligible if their tumors were HER2 positive by either local laboratory immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A protocol modification in 2002 made central laboratory testing mandatory, with additional testing of discordant cases conducted by a reference laboratory. Concordance between local and central laboratory, and level of agreement between central and reference laboratory HER2 findings in discordant cases were examined.ResultsHER2 positivity was confirmed in 85.8% of 2,535 patients registered since March 2002. When local and central evaluation used the same methodology, concordance was 88.1% for FISH and 81.6% for a diagnostic test for presence of the HER2 protein. Among discordant cases examined at the reference laboratory, there was 94.3% agreement for IHC (0, 1+, 2+) and 95.2% agreement for FISH (not gene amplified).ConclusionThere was a high degree of discordance between local and central testing for IHC and FISH, but a high degree of agreement between central and reference laboratories. These findings support the importance of using high-volume, experienced laboratories for HER2 testing to improve the process of selecting patients likely to benefit from trastuzumab therapy.

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