Developing Trends in the Global Ocean and Ocean-Climate Change Nexus

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-147
Author(s):  
Emilia Ganslandt ◽  
Peter Ricketts
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Ocean Climate

scholarly journals Global Ocean Climate Change: Observing From Ships

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne D. Talley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ocean Currents ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Ocean Climate

Have you stood on the beach or crossed the ocean on a plane, wondered at the enormous size of the ocean, and possibly thought about how it regulates our climate? Or how our climate is changing? Or what harm our extra carbon dioxide and heat are causing to life in the ocean? The oceans take up heat from the atmosphere and sun, they change their saltiness as they are either evaporated or rained on, and they exchange gases with the atmosphere, including some of the extra carbon dioxide that humans add to the atmosphere. Ocean currents and mixing carry heat and carbon for tens to hundreds of years, and as they move heat and carbon around, the currents alter the atmosphere above. We only have this knowledge because we have been observing the ocean from ships for a century, adding satellites, and drifting instruments in the last few decades.

Detecting Climate Fingerprints in Southern Ocean Carbon using a Biogeochemical Ocean Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Wright ◽  
Corinne Le Quéré ◽  
Erik Buitenhuis ◽  
Dorothee Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
And Storage

<p>The Southern Ocean plays an important role in the uptake, transport and storage of carbon by the global oceans. These properties are dominated by the response to the rise in anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere, but they are modulated by climate variability and climate change. Here we explore the effect of climate variability and climate change on ocean carbon uptake and storage in the Southern Ocean. We assess the extent to which climate change may be distinguishable from the anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> signal and from the natural background variability. We use a combination of biogeochemical ocean modelling and observations from the GLODAPv2020 database to detect climate fingerprints in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC).</p><p>We conduct an ensemble of hindcast model simulations of the period 1920-2019, using a global ocean biogeochemical model which incorporates plankton ecosystem dynamics based on twelve plankton functional types. We use the model ensemble to isolate the changes in DIC due to rising anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> alone and the changes due to climatic drivers (both climate variability and climate change), to determine their relative roles in the emerging total DIC trends and patterns. We analyse these DIC trends for a climate fingerprint over the past four decades, across spatial scales from the Southern Ocean, to basin level and down to regional ship transects. Highly sampled ship transects were extracted from GLODAPv2020 to obtain locations with the maximum spatiotemporal coverage, to reduce the inherent biases in patchy observational data. Model results were sampled to the ship transects to compare the climate fingerprints directly to the observational data.</p><p>Model results show a substantial change in DIC over a 35-year period, with a range of more than +/- 30 µmol/L. In the surface ocean, both anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> and climatic drivers act to increase DIC concentration, with the influence of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> dominating at lower latitudes and the influence of climatic drivers dominating at higher latitudes. In the deep ocean, the anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> generally acts to increase DIC except in the subsurface waters at lower latitudes, while climatic drivers act to decrease DIC concentration. The combined fingerprint of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> and climatic drivers on DIC concentration is for an increasing trend at the surface and decreasing trends in low latitude subsurface waters. Preliminary comparison of the model fingerprints to observational ship transects will also be presented.</p>

scholarly journals Dake Chen: unraveling the secrets of ocean–climate interaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
National Strategic Plan ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Ocean Observing

Abstract The ocean is a complex and mysterious system that attracts scientists around the world to unravel its secrets. Dake Chen, a distinguished physical oceanographer and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is one of them. Since the mid-1980s, he has been studying ocean dynamics and ocean–atmosphere interaction, and has made seminal contributions to the understanding and prediction of short-term climate variability, especially the El Niño phenomenon. In a recent interview with NSR, Professor Dake Chen says that China has made significant progress in recent years in ocean research, but, in order to make breakthroughs in the field of oceanography, China needs to further expand the scope of research programs from coastal seas to open oceans, to greatly increase the investment in global ocean-observing systems and to pay more attention to fundamental scientific problems in addition to practical applications. He also calls for a better-defined national strategic plan for ocean science and technology.

scholarly journals The effects of climate change on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the North Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1525-1557
Author(s):  
K. O'Driscoll ◽  
B. Mayer ◽  
J. Su ◽  
M. Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
North Sea ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Open Boundary ◽  
The North ◽  
The Future ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract. The fate and cycling of two selected legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs), PCB 153 and γ-HCH, in the North Sea in the 21st century have been modelled with combined hydrodynamic and fate and transport ocean models. To investigate the impact of climate variability on POPs in the North Sea in the 21st century, future scenario model runs for three 10 yr periods to the year 2100 using plausible levels of both in situ concentrations and atmospheric, river and open boundary inputs are performed. Since estimates of future concentration levels of POPs in the atmosphere, oceans and rivers are not available, our approach was to reutilise 2005 values in the atmosphere, rivers and at the open ocean boundaries for every year of the simulations. In this way, we attribute differences between the three 10 yr simulations to climate change only. For the HAMSOM and atmospheric forcing, results of the IPCC A1B (SRES) 21st century scenario are utilised, where surface forcing is provided by the REMO downscaling of the ECHAM5 global atmospheric model, and open boundary conditions are provided by the MPIOM global ocean model. Dry gas deposition and volatilisation of γ-HCH increase in the future relative to the present. In the water column, total mass of γ-HCH and PCB 153 remain fairly steady in all three runs. In sediment, γ-HCH increases in the future runs, relative to the present, while PCB 153 in sediment decreases exponentially in all three runs, but even faster in the future, both of which are the result of climate change. Annual net sinks exceed sources at the ends of all periods.

scholarly journals Improving Intertidal Reef Mapping Using UAV Surface, Red Edge, and Near-Infrared Data

Drones ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Collin ◽  
Stanislas Dubois ◽  
Dorothée James ◽  
Thomas Houet
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Intertidal Area ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Red Edge ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Infrared Data ◽  
Statistical Noise

Coastal living reefs provide considerable services from tropical to temperate systems. Threatened by global ocean-climate and local anthropogenic changes, reefs require spatially explicit management at the submeter scale, where socioecological processes occur. Drone surveys have adequately addressed these requirements with red-green-blue (RGB) orthomosaics and digital surface models (DSMs). The use of ancillary spectral bands has the potential to increase the mapping of all reefscapes that emerge during low tide. This research investigates the contribution of the drone-based red edge (RE), near-infrared (NIR), and DSM into the classification accuracy of five main habitats of the largest intertidal biogenic reefs in Europe, built by the honeycomb worm Sabellaria alveolata. Based on photoquadrats and the maximum likelihood algorithm, overall, producer’s and user’s accuracies were distinctly augmented. When isolated, the DSM provided the highest gain percentage (3.42%), followed by the NIR (2.58%), and RE (2.02%). When joined, the combination of the DSM with both RE and NIR was the best contributor (4.98%), followed by the DSM with RE (4.80%), DSM with NIR (3.74%), and RE with NIR (3.22%). At the class scale, all datasets increasingly advantaged sand, gravel, reef, mud and water. The rather low effect of the DSM with NIR (3.74%) was assumed to be linked with a statistical noise originated from redundant information in the intertidal area.

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