Ocean Recovery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Hilborn ◽  
Ulrike Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
General Audience ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Status ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Graduate Seminars ◽  
The Impact

Over the last 2 decades, the scientific and popular media have been bombarded by gloom-and-doom stories on the future of fisheries, the status of fish stocks, and the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems. Dozens of certification and labeling schemes have emerged to advise consumers on what seafood is sustainable. In recent years, an opposing narrative has emerged emphasizing the success of fisheries management in many places, the increasing abundance of fish stocks in those places, and the prescription for sustainable fisheries. However, there has been no comprehensive survey of what really constitutes sustainability in fisheries, fish stock status, success and failures of management, and consideration of the impacts of fishing on marine ecosystems. This book will explore very different perspectives on sustainability and bring together the data from a large number of studies to show where fish stocks are increasing, where they are declining, the consequences of alternative fisheries management regimes, and what is known about a range of fisheries issues such as the impacts of trawling on marine ecosystems. Aimed principally at a general audience that is already interested in fisheries but seeks both a deeper understanding of what is known about specific issues and an impartial presentation of all of the data rather than selected examples used to justify a particular perspective or agenda. It will also appeal to the scientific community eager to know more about marine fisheries and fishing data, and serve as the basis for graduate seminars on the sustainability of natural resources.

Overfishing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Globally Stable

This chapter calls into question the veracity of stories, often seen in the scientific literature and popular media, describing the collapse of fish stocks and predicting a soon-to-be-seen dramatic decline in food production from the ocean. In fact, detailed scientific analyses suggest that fish stock abundance is globally stable, and much of the decline in fish catch has been due to more stringent management of fisheries in many countries. This has led to a polarization between those who look at abundance trends, and argue that improving fisheries management is the solution, and those who look at catch and argue that fisheries management does not work and marine protected areas are needed. Data clearly support the effectiveness of fisheries management, whereas remarkably little data demonstrates the impact of marine protected areas outside of the closed areas. This chapter argues the actual impacts of MPAs need to be evaluated much more intensively.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA IKAN BANGGAI CARDINAL (Pterapogon kauderni) DI PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN BANGGAI

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Turni Hartati ◽  
Wudianto Wudianto ◽  
Lilis Sadiyah
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

<p>Ikan banggai cardinal atau disingkat BCF adalah jenis ikan hias tropis endemik yang hanya hidup secara alami di perairan sekitar Kepulauan Banggai. Dampak tekanan penangkapan terhadap populasi BCF dewasa ini cukup signifikan, yaitu terjadinya gejala overfishing telah nampak pada hampir semua lokasi penangkapan. Status BCF pada saat ini dalam Red List IUCN tergolong Threatened Species. Tulisan ini menyajikan pengelolaan sumber daya BCF dengan mengkaji status pemanfaatan, dinamika populasi, biologi dan habitatnya. Data yang digunakan adalah hasil penelitian pada tahun 2011, melalui validasi data di lapangan dan telaah dari hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil tangkapan BCF relatif tinggi pada kisaran tahun 1999 – 2007, mencapai 1,4 juta ekor pada tahun 2000, kemudian menurun drastis pada tahun 2008 – 2010, hanya berkisar 250.000 – 350.000 ekor/tahun. Upaya pengelolaan BCF telah dilakukan sejak tahun 2005, baik oleh pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, maupun melalui kearifan lokal yang ada. Implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan BCF di perairan Kepulauan Banggai berdasarkan kajian hasil penelitian adalah jumlah kuota BCF yang boleh ditangkap sebanyak 220.615 ekor/tahun dengan ukuran minimal 4,8 cm (FL) dan tidak dalam kondisi mengerami telurnya. Mengingat umur dari BCF berkisar antara 2-4 tahun, maka kuota dapat diberlakukan selama jangka waktu 3 tahun. Monitoring data hasil tangkapan BCF melalui kegiatan enumerasi harus tetap dilanjutkan sebagai bahan evalusi status stok sumberdaya tersebut.</p><p>Banggai cardinal fish (BCF) is an endemic tropical ornamental fish that only inhabits naturally in the Banggai Islands. The impact of fishing pressure on the BCF population is quite significant, i.e. overfishing is occurring in almost all fishing areas. BCF is listed in the IUCN Red List as Threatened Species group. This paper presents the fisheries management for BCF by assessing the status of its utilization, population dynamic, biology and habitat. The data analyzed in this paper were conducted in 2011, through data validation in the field and review on some previous studies. The catch production of BCF was relatively high between 1999 and 2007, reached 1.4 million fish in 2000, followed by a significant decrease from 250.000 in 2008 to 350.000 in 2010. Fisheries management measures for BCF have been initiated since 2005, either by central or local governments, or the available local wisdom. The results of study recommend catch quota for BCF, that maintain the sustainability of the fish stock, is 220.615 fish/year, with the minimum size is 4.8 cm FL and not in the condition of incubating eggs. Since the age of BCF is between 2-4 years old, the recommendation could be implemented for 3 years, and data monitoring through enumeration could be continued for evaluation of its stock status.</p>

scholarly journals Effective fisheries management instrumental in improving fish stock status

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 2218-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Hilborn ◽  
Ricardo Oscar Amoroso ◽  
Christopher M. Anderson ◽  
Julia K. Baum ◽  
Trevor A. Branch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Food System ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Intensively Managed

Marine fish stocks are an important part of the world food system and are particularly important for many of the poorest people of the world. Most existing analyses suggest overfishing is increasing, and there is widespread concern that fish stocks are decreasing throughout most of the world. We assembled trends in abundance and harvest rate of stocks that are scientifically assessed, constituting half of the reported global marine fish catch. For these stocks, on average, abundance is increasing and is at proposed target levels. Compared with regions that are intensively managed, regions with less-developed fisheries management have, on average, 3-fold greater harvest rates and half the abundance as assessed stocks. Available evidence suggests that the regions without assessments of abundance have little fisheries management, and stocks are in poor shape. Increased application of area-appropriate fisheries science recommendations and management tools are still needed for sustaining fisheries in places where they are lacking.

scholarly journals Estimating the mortality caused by great cormorant predation on fish stocks: pikeperch in the Archipelago Sea, northern Baltic Sea, as an example

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Heikinheimo ◽  
Pekka Rusanen ◽  
Katja Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Great Cormorant ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Archipelago Sea ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo Sinensis ◽  
The Impact

Estimates of the mortality rates caused by cormorants are needed to assess the impact on fish stock dynamics and fisheries. In this study, we calculated the annual instantaneous mortality caused by great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) on young pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), using data from Archipelago Sea, southwestern coast of Finland. The pikeperch are vulnerable to cormorant predation mainly at the ages 2–4. The annual instantaneous mortality caused by cormorants was between 0.04 and 0.13, and the estimated effect on the pikeperch stock size at recruitment to the fishery ranged from 4% to 23%, respectively. The average annual cormorant-induced mortality accounted for 5%–34% of the total mortality in these age groups. The sensitivity analyses proved that the rates of mortality from other sources largely affect the estimated mortality from cormorant predation. In cases with strong fluctuations in the abundance of the prey fish stocks, ignoring the size and density dependence of the natural mortality may lead to overestimation of the importance of cormorants as competitors of fisheries.

How to Make Individual Transferable Quotas Work Economically, Socially, and Environmentally

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Sumaila
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Individual Transferable Quotas ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

The economic tool of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) gives their owners exclusive and transferable rights to catch a given portion of the total allowable catch (TAC) of a given fish stock. Authorities establish TACs and then divide them among individual fishers or firms in the form of individual catch quotas, usually a percentage of the TAC. ITQs are transferable through selling and buying in an open market. The main arguments by proponents of ITQs is that they eliminate the need to “race for the fish” and thus increase economic returns while eliminating overcapacity and overfishing. In general, fisheries’ management objectives consist of ecological (sustainable use of fish stocks), economic (no economic waste), and social (mainly the equitable distribution of fisheries benefits) issues. There is evidence to show that ITQs do indeed reduce economic waste and increase profits for those remaining in fisheries. However, they do not perform well in terms of sustainability or socially. A proposal that integrates ITQs in a comprehensive and effective ecosystem-based fisheries management system that is more likely to perform much better than ITQs with respect to ecological, economic, and social objectives is presented in this article.

scholarly journals Does recreational catch impact the TAC for commercial fisheries?

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Eero ◽  
Harry V. Strehlow ◽  
Charles M. Adams ◽  
Morten Vinther
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Management Advice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Baltic Cod

Abstract The western Baltic cod is one of the first fish stocks in Europe that, since 2013, includes recreational catches in stock assessment and fisheries management advice. In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of the calculated commercial total allowable catch (TAC) to including recreational catches in stock assessment. Our results show that the most crucial aspect in terms of the impact on commercial TAC is the assumption on recreational catch dynamics relative to that of commercial fisheries used in forecast. The results were less sensitive to the information on the historical amount and age structure of recreational catch. Our study is intended to inform potential debates related to resource allocation between the commercial and recreational sectors and contribute to developing a general framework for incorporating recreational catches in fisheries management advice in ICES.

scholarly journals Reflections on the success of traditional fisheries management

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1040-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Hilborn ◽  
Daniel Ovando
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Precautionary Management

Abstract The argument persists that the continued overexploitation by many fisheries around the world is evidence that current approaches to fisheries management are failing, and that more precautionary management approaches are needed. We review the available estimates of the status of fish stocks from three sources: the FAO's “State of Marine Resources”, a database on scientific stock assessments, and recent estimates from statistical models designed to determine the status of unassessed fish stocks. The two key results are (i) that stocks that are scientifically assessed are in better shape and indeed are not typically declining but rebuilding, and (ii) that large stocks appear to be in better shape than small stocks. These results support the view that stocks that are managed are improving, while stocks that are not managed are not. Large stocks receive far more management attention than small stocks in jurisdictions that have active fisheries management systems, and most unassessed stocks are simply not managed. We assert that fisheries management as currently practised can (and often does) lead to sustainable fisheries, and what is needed is to actively manage the unassessed fisheries of the world. More precautionary management is not necessarily needed to ensure the sustainability of managed fisheries.

scholarly journals Length-Based Stock Assessment of Smith's Barb, Puntioplites proctozystron (Bleeker, 1865) (Cyprinidae) and Asian Redtail Catfish, Hemibagrus nemurus, (Valenciennes, 1840), (Bagridae) in a Multipurpose Reservoir in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
KAJITPAN CHARERNNATE ◽  
PAVAROT NORANARTTRAGOON ◽  
TUANTONG JUTAGATE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Status ◽  
Curvature Parameter ◽  
Spawning Potential Ratio ◽  
Fish Stock Assessment

Catches from inland fisheries in Thailand are about 200,000 tonnes annually and plays an important role in food security and subsidiary income. However, fish stocks are seldom assessed because of the lack of catch and effort data. In this study, two fish stock assessment models, viz., relative yield per recruit and length-based spawning potential ratio, were used to evaluate the status of two species as well as to highlight their applications to datalimited situation in Thailand. The study was conducted at Kangkrajan Reservoir, Thailand, for two targeted species, viz., Smith's barb, Puntioplites proctozystron (Bleeker, 1865) and Asian redtail catfish, Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840) using length frequency data. The data were collected throughout 2019. Both species showed isometric growth. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated. Asymptotic length, curvature parameter and theoretical age at length zero were 36.2 cm TL, 0.39 yr-1 and -0.28 yr for P. proctozystron, respectively, and 63.2 cm TL, 0.37 yr-1 and -0.32 yr for H. nemurus. The exploitation rates reveal that both species are slightly overfished. Sizes at 50 % maturity and 50 % selectivities were 17.8 and 23.5 cm TL for P. proctozystron, respectively, and 15.6 and 20.8 cm TL for H. nemurus. Considering both parameters, the size at first capture to sustain the fisheries of P. proctozystron and H. nemurus should be >18 cm and >30 cm, respectively, which can be achieved by mesh-size regulations.

scholarly journals EXPLOITATION AND CPUE TREND OF THE SMALL PELAGIC FISHERIES IN THE SULAWESI SEA, INDONESIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Lilis Sadiyah ◽  
Purwanto Purwanto ◽  
Andhika P. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Small Pelagic Fish ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Status ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Pelagic Fisheries

One of the expected benefits of the Sulu-Celebes Sea Project during its implementation is to have increased fish stocks at demonstration sites, as indicated by the Catch per Unit of Effort (CPUE). Analysis of catch and effort data of the small pelagic fisheries by using the surplus yield model was done to obtain information on the likely trend of CPUE for the last ten years. By using the pajeko as the standardized fishing gear the trend of CPUE has been calculated. Between 2000-2005, the trend of production (catch), effort and CPUE followed the general pattern of the exploited fisheries that already fully exploited, where the increasing trend of effort was not followed by the increasing catch. On the other hand, the trend of CPUE is decreased. In the following years, the trend of both catch and CPUE do not follow the general pattern of the exploited fisheries. The trend of catch, effort and CPUE has likely been stable, indicating that the fishery in this period has been leveled-off. The status of exploitation of the small pelagic fish resources in the Indonesian Sulawesi Sea is demermined by the MSY level that has likely been surpassed during the period 2003-2004. Therefore with the increasing effort in the following year the trend of catch was relatively stable. It is likely that the small pelagic fish stock in the Indonesian Sulawesi Sea might be ‘fully exploited’.

scholarly journals The Importance of Involving Stakeholders and Scientists in the Management of Marine Fisheries

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Set Up ◽  
European Regional

In recent years there has been increasing concern over the state of fish stocks, especially those that support key fisheries and supply food to many consumers. There is also concern over the state of aquatic environments, and the effects of climate change. Fisheries management is controlled by government agencies, often cooperating with similar agencies from other nations. This paper deals with the need for expert advice on fisheries, involving fishers as well as scientists. Mention is made of a Fisheries Partnership set up in Europe, bringing fishers and scientists together with other stakeholders to discuss the problems of managing fish stocks. The partnership was especially successful in improving relationships between fishers and scientists, and made significant improvements to some fish stock assessments. European Regional Advisory Councils were later established to play a similar role. They are providing significant advice on fisheries, but they do not yet play a key role in actual management. It is important to consider how stakeholders and scientists can become more actively involved in fisheries management. There is a crucial need to develop new, more participatory ways of managing fisheries.

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