scholarly journals The Moving History of Vestibular Stimulation as a Therapeutic Intervention

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 653-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzia Grabherr ◽  
Gianluca Macauda ◽  
Bigna Lenggenhager
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
The 19Th Century

Although the discovery and understanding of the function of the vestibular system date back only to the 19th century, strategies that involve vestibular stimulation were used long before to calm, soothe and even cure people. While such stimulation was classically achieved with various motion devices, like Cox’s chair or Hallaran’s swing, the development of caloric and galvanic vestibular stimulation has opened up new possibilities in the 20th century. With the increasing knowledge and recognition of vestibular contributions to various perceptual, motor, cognitive, and emotional processes, vestibular stimulation has been suggested as a powerful and non-invasive treatment for a range of psychiatric, neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions. Yet, the therapeutic interventions were, and still are, often not hypothesis-driven as broader theories remain scarce and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are often vague. We aim to critically review the literature on vestibular stimulation as a form of therapy in various selected disorders and present its successes, expectations, and drawbacks from a historical perspective.

scholarly journals Cleft lip: The historical perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S4-S8
Author(s):  
S. Bhattacharya ◽  
V. Khanna ◽  
R. Kohli
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Wedge Resection ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Two Sides

ABSTRACTThe earliest documented history of cleft lip is based on a combination of religion, superstition, invention and charlatanism. While Greeks ignored their existence, Spartans and Romans would kill these children as they were considered to harbour evil spirits. When saner senses prevailed Fabricius ab Aquapendente (1537–1619) was the first to suggest the embryological basis of these clefts. The knowledge of cleft lip and the surgical correction received a big boost during the period between the Renaissance and the 19th century with the publication of Pierre Franco's Petit Traité and Traité des Hernies in which he described the condition as “lièvre fendu de nativitè” (cleft lip present from birth). The first documented Cleft lip surgery is from China in 390 BC in an 18 year old would be soldier, Wey Young-Chi. Albucasis of Arabia and his fellow surgeons used the cautery instead of the scalpel and Yperman in 1854 recommended scarifying the margins with a scalpel before suturing them with a triangular needle dipped in wax. The repair was reinforced by passing a long needle through the two sides of the lip and fixing the shaft of the needle with a figure-of-eight thread over the lip. Germanicus Mirault can be credited to be the originator of the triangular flap which was later modified by C.W. Tennison in 1952 and Peter Randall in 1959. In the late 50s, Ralph Millard gave us his legendary ‘cut as you go’ technique. The protruding premaxilla of a bilateral cleft lip too has seen many changes throughout the ages OE from being discarded totally to being pushed back by wedge resection of vomer to finally being left to the orthodontists.

scholarly journals Osteopetrosis. Presentación de dos casos [Non-surgical management of osteopetrosis: two case reports an review of the literature]

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-392
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Caruso ◽  
Juan Martín Patiño
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Bone Dysplasia ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diaphyseal Fractures ◽  
Non Surgical Treatment ◽  
Delayed Consolidation

Las osteopetrosis (enfermedad de Albers-Schönberg) es un síndrome con cuatro tipos clásicos e instituye una displasia ósea secundaria a la falta de resorción de hueso por anormalidad de los osteoclastos, lo cual provoca un tejido óseo duro y quebradizo,propenso a fracturas difíciles de tratar quirúrgicamente. Se han publicado escasos artículos sobre el tema; por este motivo, decidimos presentar a dos pacientes con fracturas diafisarias de húmero con osteopetrosis, ambas tratadas en forma incruenta.Los objetivos son comunicar nuestra experiencia y el método de tratamiento de dicha afección y realizar una revisión bibliográfica acerca del tema. Creemos que el tratamiento de elección para las fracturas diafisarias de húmero en pacientes con osteopetrosises el incruento, ya que su tipo de tejido óseo dificulta la implementación de cualquier osteosíntesis. Además, la colocación de implantes puede provocar algunas complicaciones, como infecciones, retraso de la consolidación y seudoartrosis. La cirugía se reserva para ciertos casos, como en pacientes con riesgo de desarrollar deformidades incapacitantes, aquellos que han sufrido fracturas repetidas, con retraso de la consolidación, seudoartrosis, quienes no responden al tratamiento incruento o con unadeformidad previa.AbstractOsteopetrosis (also known as Albers-Schönberg disease) is a syndrome that includes four classic types and is characterized by bone dysplasia and lack of bone resorption due to abnormal osteoclastic activity and consequent development of brittle and hard bone that is prone to fractures that are difficult to treat surgically. Herein we present two cases of osteopetrosis with diaphyseal fractures of the humerus, both managed with non-surgical treatment. The objectives of our manuscript are to document our experience in the management of these cases and review the literature. The non-invasive treatment provides the best outcome for dyaphyseal fractures on the humerus in patients with osteopetrosis, given that the quality of the bone in these patients impairs the implementation of osteosynthesis. In addition, the placement of implants can lead to complications such as infections, delayed consolidation and pseudoarthrosis, among others. Surgical treatment should reserved for certain patients such as those with delayed consolidation, pseudoarthrosis, a history of repeated fractures, pre-existing deformity and those who are at risk for the development of disabling deformities or do not respond to non-surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Special education in Poland (until 1989) – historical perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACEK KULBAKA
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Adam Mickiewicz

Jacek Kulbaka, Special education in Poland (until 1989) – historical perspective. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 117–149. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.27.06The article is dedicated to presenting the information regarding the origins, organisation and the activity of special schools and institutions in Europe, with the particular focus on Polish territories (from the beginning of the 19th century to the final years of the Polish People’s Republic). The text nature may be included within the framework of inquiries regarding the history of education. Referring to the wide historical context (social, political, economical, legal, outlook and other determinants), the aim of the author of the text was to introduce the accomplishments of particular individuals, and various institutions active for the children with disabilities, in the discussed period.

scholarly journals THE TITLE AS A PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL POETICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-77
Author(s):  
Mikhail Stroganov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Title Complex ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Modern Form

An analysis of the works devoted to the poetics of the title demonstrates that although the majority of facts are presented correctly, the lack of a systematic approach and the required historical perspective makes the explanation of their origin completely unsatisfactory. It actualizes the need to review all the discovered facts in the history of the title as a form of the author’s reflection on the text framework in the context of historical poetics. Periodization of historical poetics in the terminology proposed by S. S. Averintsev demonstrates that the title is absent in the period of pre-reflexive traditionalism and appears only when moving to the next period, namely, reflexive traditionalism. The most archaic titles include the widely understood genre and theme of the text. Later, the title transforms into merely a name; common titles with predication occur sporadically. During the Renaissance, the title may have acquired a conditional character (numerical name), and the identification of the text was carried out through the development of the predicative part, which annotated the text and was sometimes of a promotional nature. The title in its modern form emerges during the transition from reflexive traditionalism to the anti-traditionalist tendencies of the bourgeois era. In the 19th century, the abstract becomes an independent genre and breaks away from the title, while the author, who was initially in the last position, subsequently moved to the first in the title complex (book name, genre, author).

scholarly journals Malaria in Europe: A Historical Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. Boualam ◽  
Bruno Pradines ◽  
Michel Drancourt ◽  
Rémi Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Endemic Malaria ◽  
History Of ◽  
Malaria Eradication ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Medical Interest

Endemic malaria, which claimed 229 million new cases and 409,000 deaths in 2019 mainly in Africa, was eradicated from Europe by the mid-20th century. Historical descriptions of intermittent tertian and quartan fever reported in texts of Hippocrates in Greece and Celsus in Italy suggest malaria. A few paleomicrobiology investigations have confirmed the presence of malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum in 1st, 2nd, and 5th century infected individuals in diverse regions of Italy, and Plasmodium sp. later in Bavaria. The causative Plasmodium pathogens, discovered in the 19th century in Algeria, were controversially used as therapeutic agents in the European pharmacopeia more than two centuries after effective quinine-based treatments had been introduced in Europe. How Europe managed to eradicate malaria and what the history of malaria was in Europe are of medical interest, and this review traces research pathways for a renewed understanding of malaria eradication in Europe through combined historical and paleomicrobiological investigations.

scholarly journals Cultured Epidermal Melanocyte Transplantation in Vitiligo: A Review Article

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaghayegh ZOKAEI ◽  
Dariush D. FARHUD ◽  
Mohammad KEYKHAEI ◽  
Marjan ZARIF YEGANEH ◽  
Hoda RAHIMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidermal Melanocyte ◽  
Endocrine Factors

Background: The color of the skin is highly heritable but can be influenced by the environments and endocrine factors. Many other factors, sometimes destructive, are also involved in the formation of skin color, which sometimes affects pigmentation patterns. Vitiligo is an autoimmune hypopigmentation painless disorder with appearance of white patches and psychological effects on patients. It is a disease in which melanocytes of the skin are destroyed in certain areas; therefore depigmentation appears. Methods: We studied more than 60 articles. Several therapeutic methods have been used to return the color of skin in vitiligo. These methods include non-invasive treatment and surgical techniques. Among all these therapies, cell transplantation is an advanced procedure in regenerative medicine. Extraction of melanocytes from normal skin and then their cultivation in the laboratory provides a large number of these cells, the transplanting of which to depigmentation areas stimulates the site to irreversibly produce melanin. Results: The transplantation methods of these cells have been evolved over many years and the methods of producing blister have been changed to the injection of these cells to the target sites. Conclusion: In this review, autologous cultured melanocyte transplantation has been considered to be the most viable, safe, and effective method in the history of vitiligo treatments.

Economic Views of L. Trotsky

2004 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov ◽  
S. Dzarasov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Russian History ◽  
History Of

The paper written in the light of 125th birth anniversary of L. Trotsky analyzes the life and ideas of one of the most prominent figures in the Russian history of the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the Russian revolution in its Bolshevik period, worked with V. Lenin and played a significant role in the Civil War. Rejected by the party bureaucracy L. Trotsky led uncompromising struggle against Stalinism, defending his own understanding of the revolutionary ideals. The authors try to explain these events in historical perspective, avoiding biases of both Stalinism and anticommunism.

‘The Stuff of Slow Constitution’: Reading Down Syndrome for Race, Disability, and the Timing that Makes Them So

Somatechnics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mel Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Early History ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Being

In this paper I would like to bring into historical perspective the interrelation of several notions such as race and disability, which at the present moment seem to risk, especially in the fixing language of diversity, being institutionalised as orthogonal in nature to one another rather than co-constitutive. I bring these notions into historical clarity primarily through the early history of what is today known as Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21, but in 1866 was given the name ‘mongoloid idiocy’ by English physician John Langdon Down. In order to examine the complexity of these notions, I explore the idea of ‘slow’ populations in development, the idea of a material(ist) constitution of a living being, the ‘fit’ or aptness of environmental biochemistries broadly construed, and, finally, the germinal interarticulation of race and disability – an ensemble that continues to commutatively enflesh each of these notions in their turn.

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