scholarly journals Cultured Epidermal Melanocyte Transplantation in Vitiligo: A Review Article

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaghayegh ZOKAEI ◽  
Dariush D. FARHUD ◽  
Mohammad KEYKHAEI ◽  
Marjan ZARIF YEGANEH ◽  
Hoda RAHIMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidermal Melanocyte ◽  
Endocrine Factors

Background: The color of the skin is highly heritable but can be influenced by the environments and endocrine factors. Many other factors, sometimes destructive, are also involved in the formation of skin color, which sometimes affects pigmentation patterns. Vitiligo is an autoimmune hypopigmentation painless disorder with appearance of white patches and psychological effects on patients. It is a disease in which melanocytes of the skin are destroyed in certain areas; therefore depigmentation appears. Methods: We studied more than 60 articles. Several therapeutic methods have been used to return the color of skin in vitiligo. These methods include non-invasive treatment and surgical techniques. Among all these therapies, cell transplantation is an advanced procedure in regenerative medicine. Extraction of melanocytes from normal skin and then their cultivation in the laboratory provides a large number of these cells, the transplanting of which to depigmentation areas stimulates the site to irreversibly produce melanin. Results: The transplantation methods of these cells have been evolved over many years and the methods of producing blister have been changed to the injection of these cells to the target sites. Conclusion: In this review, autologous cultured melanocyte transplantation has been considered to be the most viable, safe, and effective method in the history of vitiligo treatments.

scholarly journals Osteopetrosis. Presentación de dos casos [Non-surgical management of osteopetrosis: two case reports an review of the literature]

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-392
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Caruso ◽  
Juan Martín Patiño
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Bone Dysplasia ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diaphyseal Fractures ◽  
Non Surgical Treatment ◽  
Delayed Consolidation

Las osteopetrosis (enfermedad de Albers-Schönberg) es un síndrome con cuatro tipos clásicos e instituye una displasia ósea secundaria a la falta de resorción de hueso por anormalidad de los osteoclastos, lo cual provoca un tejido óseo duro y quebradizo,propenso a fracturas difíciles de tratar quirúrgicamente. Se han publicado escasos artículos sobre el tema; por este motivo, decidimos presentar a dos pacientes con fracturas diafisarias de húmero con osteopetrosis, ambas tratadas en forma incruenta.Los objetivos son comunicar nuestra experiencia y el método de tratamiento de dicha afección y realizar una revisión bibliográfica acerca del tema. Creemos que el tratamiento de elección para las fracturas diafisarias de húmero en pacientes con osteopetrosises el incruento, ya que su tipo de tejido óseo dificulta la implementación de cualquier osteosíntesis. Además, la colocación de implantes puede provocar algunas complicaciones, como infecciones, retraso de la consolidación y seudoartrosis. La cirugía se reserva para ciertos casos, como en pacientes con riesgo de desarrollar deformidades incapacitantes, aquellos que han sufrido fracturas repetidas, con retraso de la consolidación, seudoartrosis, quienes no responden al tratamiento incruento o con unadeformidad previa.AbstractOsteopetrosis (also known as Albers-Schönberg disease) is a syndrome that includes four classic types and is characterized by bone dysplasia and lack of bone resorption due to abnormal osteoclastic activity and consequent development of brittle and hard bone that is prone to fractures that are difficult to treat surgically. Herein we present two cases of osteopetrosis with diaphyseal fractures of the humerus, both managed with non-surgical treatment. The objectives of our manuscript are to document our experience in the management of these cases and review the literature. The non-invasive treatment provides the best outcome for dyaphyseal fractures on the humerus in patients with osteopetrosis, given that the quality of the bone in these patients impairs the implementation of osteosynthesis. In addition, the placement of implants can lead to complications such as infections, delayed consolidation and pseudoarthrosis, among others. Surgical treatment should reserved for certain patients such as those with delayed consolidation, pseudoarthrosis, a history of repeated fractures, pre-existing deformity and those who are at risk for the development of disabling deformities or do not respond to non-surgical treatment.

scholarly journals The Moving History of Vestibular Stimulation as a Therapeutic Intervention

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 653-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzia Grabherr ◽  
Gianluca Macauda ◽  
Bigna Lenggenhager
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
The 19Th Century

Although the discovery and understanding of the function of the vestibular system date back only to the 19th century, strategies that involve vestibular stimulation were used long before to calm, soothe and even cure people. While such stimulation was classically achieved with various motion devices, like Cox’s chair or Hallaran’s swing, the development of caloric and galvanic vestibular stimulation has opened up new possibilities in the 20th century. With the increasing knowledge and recognition of vestibular contributions to various perceptual, motor, cognitive, and emotional processes, vestibular stimulation has been suggested as a powerful and non-invasive treatment for a range of psychiatric, neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions. Yet, the therapeutic interventions were, and still are, often not hypothesis-driven as broader theories remain scarce and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are often vague. We aim to critically review the literature on vestibular stimulation as a form of therapy in various selected disorders and present its successes, expectations, and drawbacks from a historical perspective.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Laser Vulvovaginal Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Tassahil Messas ◽  
Achraf Messas ◽  
George Kroumpouzos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Erbium:Yag Laser ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Level I ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) causes significant symptomatic aggravation that affects the quality of life (QoL). Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), the hallmark of GSM, is managed with topical non-hormonal therapy, including moisturizers and lubricants, and topical estrogen application. Patients not responding/being unsatisfied with previous local estrogen therapies are candidates for a noninvasive modality. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy, especially the fractionated type (FrCO2), has drawn considerable attention over the past two decades as a non-invasive treatment for GSM. This systematic review describes the accumulated evidence from 40 FrCO2 laser studies (3466 participants) in GSM/VVA. MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched through April 2021. We analyze the effects of FrCO2 laser therapy on symptoms, sexual function, and QoL of patients with GSM/VVA. As shown in this review, FrCO2 laser therapy for GSM shows good efficacy and safety. This modality has the potential to advance female sexual wellness. Patient satisfaction was high in the studies included in this systematic review. However, there is a lack of level I evidence, and more randomized sham-controlled trials are required. Furthermore, several clinical questions, such as the number of sessions required that determine cost-effectiveness, should be addressed. Also, whether FrCO2 laser therapy may exert a synergistic effect with systemic and/or local hormonal/non-hormonal treatments, energy-based devices, and other modalities to treat GMS requires further investigation. Lastly, studies are required to compare FrCO2 laser therapy with other energy-based devices such as erbium:YAG laser and radiofrequency.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

Can the Human Tail Cause Arteriovenous Hemangioma?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Pinar Aydin Ozturk ◽  
Seyhmus Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Fibrous Stroma ◽  
Human Tail ◽  
Vascular Structures

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> “Human tail” is a congenital, benign anomaly in which a protrusion in the lumbosacrococcygeal caudal region is covered with skin. Arteriovenous hemangioma is a benign vascular lesion that may be congenital or acquired. We present a case in which a human tail was present with pathological findings of arteriovenous hemangioma. <b><i>Case Report:</i></b> A 6-month-old girl was born with a curved tail-shaped protrusion along her waistline. The distal portion was purple and had a solid consistency; the proximal portion was of normal skin color and had a soft consistency. No other abnormality was observed in the spinal area. Microscopic examination revealed congested, proliferated vascular structures in the fibrous stroma distally located under the multilayered squamous epithelium. In the proximal area, mature lipomatous tissue was observed. The lesion was diagnosed as arteriovenous hemangioma. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our patient presented with the classic “human tail” appearance at an early age and in the lumbosacral region. Because of the pathological findings, surgery for the congenital anomaly had to be performed with extra caution.

Topical interferon in recurrent inflammatory macular edema following a cat bite

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110248
Author(s):  
Ankush Kawali ◽  
Sanjay Srinivasan ◽  
Padmamalini Mahendradas ◽  
Rohit Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Interferon Therapy ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Intravitreal Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Trials ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Vascular Growth Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Steroid Responsiveness

Introduction: Treating chronic macular edema (CME) post endophthalmitis is a challenge. Use of steroids may reactivate the infection and repeated intravitreal therapy with anti-vascular growth factor inhibitors (Anti-VEGF) puts the patient again at the risk of exacerbation of inflammation or endophthalmitis. We describe a case of CME post traumatic endophthalmitis successfully treated with topical interferon therapy. Case description: A 34-year-old Asian Indian lady with a history of cat bite to her right eye and treated elsewhere as traumatic endophthalmitis with recurrent macular edema, presented to us 1 year after the injury. She had received anti-VEGF injection for same. Her medical history was non-contributory except for close contact with her cat. Therapeutic trials with oral doxycycline followed by oral albendazole with steroids, as well as repeated anti-VEGF therapy failed to prevent recurrence of CME. Patient’s steroid responsiveness and reluctance for injections, made us to opt for a novel topical Interferon therapy. Macular edema resolved in 2 months. Interruption of interferon therapy due to COVID-lock down resulted in recurrence of the CME, which again responded well to interferon monotherapy. Conclusion: Topical interferon may have a role in the treatment of inflammatory macular edema and can serve as a, safer, economical and non-invasive treatment option compared to intravitreal steroids and anti-VEGFs.

Contemporary Treatment for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitova D
Keyword(s):  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Short And Long Term

Aim: To study the short-and long-term results of 2RT nanosecond laser treatment for CSC. To compare clinical results with those with AntiVEGF. Methods: Nanosecond laser (2RT, Ellex) was used. Patients were followed by BCVA, FAF, OCT, Angio-OCT. Results: 90% of the patient treated with 2RT had improvement of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. 19 % [1] patients showed no improvement. 81% of the 2RT treated patients had total resorbtion of subretinal fluid against 60% treated with AntiVEGF. Functional results correlated with the atrophy of RPE in the macula. 46% (19 patients) had resolution on the first month, 23% [2]-on the third and 12% [3]-on the sixth month. The time of resolution shows no relation to the baseline pigment epithelial atrophy. Four patients presented with a recurrency of the disease in the follow-up period. 19% [1] were non responders. 60% of AntiVEGF treated eyes were responders and 40% were non responders. Those who responded to treatment needed between 3 and 10 injections. Conclusion: 2 RT is a non-invasive treatment modality with no adverse effects and high success rates.

Risk of reoperation and infection after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and open lumbar discectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 103-B (8) ◽  
pp. 1392-1399
Author(s):  
Tae Wook Kang ◽  
Si Young Park ◽  
Hoonji Oh ◽  
Soon Hyuck Lee ◽  
Jong Hoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Lumbar Discectomy ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
History Of ◽  
Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy ◽  
Reoperation Rates

Aims Open discectomy (OD) is the standard operation for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), however, has shown similar outcomes to OD and there is increasing interest in this procedure. However despite improved surgical techniques and instrumentation, reoperation and infection rates continue and are reported to be between 6% and 24% and 0.7% and 16%, respectively. The objective of this study was to compare the rate of reoperation and infection within six months of patients being treated for LDH either by OD or PELD. Methods In this retrospective, nationwide cohort study, the Korean National Health Insurance database from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2018 was reviewed. Data were extracted for patients who underwent OD or PELD for LDH without a history of having undergone either procedure during the preceding year. Individual patients were followed for six months through their encrypted unique resident registration number. The primary endpoints were rates of reoperation and infection during the follow-up period. Other risk factors for reoperation and infection were also evalulated. Results Out of 549,531 patients, 522,640 had undergone OD (95.11%) and 26,891 patients had undergone PELD (4.89%). Reoperation rates within six months were 2.28% in the OD group, and 5.38% in the PELD group. Infection rates were 1.18% in OD group and 0.83% in PELD group. The risk of reoperation was lower for patients with OD than for patients with PELD (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.38). The risk of infection was higher for patients with OD than for patients undergoing PELD (HR, 1.325). Conclusion Compared with the OD group, the PELD group showed higher reoperation rates and lower infection rates. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(8):1392–1399.

scholarly journals Management of bladder stones: the move towards non-invasive treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac A. Deswanto ◽  
Ari Basukarno ◽  
Ponco Birowo ◽  
Nur Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Bladder Stone ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Bladder Calculi ◽  
Bladder Stones ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Intracorporeal Lithotripsy

Background: Bladder stone accounts for 5% of all cases of urolithiasis. Bladder stones management has evolved over the last decades from open bladder surgery (sectio alta) to intracorporeal cystholithotripsy as well as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). ESWL presents to be a promising modality in the management of bladder calculi due to its simplicity and well tolerability. This study is thus conducted to present data on the safety and effectiveness of ESWL in the management of bladder stone patients.Methods: This is a retrospective study evaluating the medical records of 92 bladder calculi patients admitted to Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (RSCM) from January 2011 to April 2015. Patient’s age, gender, type of stone and procedure being done, status of stone disintegration, length of hospital stay, and any complications that may occur are noted down and statistically analyzed using SPSS v. 20.Results: Majority of the patients underwent ESWL (49 out of 92, 53.3%). The stone free rates for ESWL, intracorporeal lithotripsy, and sectio alta are 93.9%, 97.0% and 100% respectively. One patient had to repeat ESWL. The ESWL group had the smallest stone size average compared to the intracorporeal lithotripsy and section alta group (2.5 cm±2.0 cm vs 4.8 cm±3.7 cm vs 7.4 cm±5.4 cm respectively). The ESWL sessions were conducted in the outpatient clinic, and thus no hospital stay was required.Conclusion: ESWL can be suggested as an effective non-invasive approach in the disintegration of bladder stone of ≤25 mm with a promisingly high stone-free rate (93.9%) Furthermore, ESWL can be performed on an outpatient basis with minimal complications.

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