FORMATION OF INCREMENT ZONES AND INTRAANNUAL GROWTH DYNAMICS IN THE XYLEM OF SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA, CARAPA GUIANENSIS, AND CEDRELA ODORATA (MELIACEAE)

The pattern of growth increment zones, the cambial growth dynamics and the structural variation in wood formation of Swietenia macrophylla King, Carapa guianensis Aubl., and Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae) were investigated in order to understand the relationship of site conditions and sustainable growth in Central Amazonian plantations. Trees were available from 8-, 17-, 23-, and 57-year-old plantations, and from primary forests in Manaus (Amazônia), Santarem (Pará), and Aripuanã (Mato Grosso). The wood anatomical structure and the annual increments of 61 Swietenia, 94 Carapa, and 89 Cedrela trees were studied for different tree heights. The curves of annual increments were cross-dated and tested for synchronisation. The cambial growth dynamics of up to 52 trees per species were dated by means of dendrometer measurements, monthly labelling by pinmarkers, and extracted cambium samples investigated using a microscope. The intraannual course of the growth and structural variation was compared with the water supply of the soil and insect attacks (Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) Lep.).In Swietenia and Carapa parenchyma and vessel bands as well as bands of resin canals were observed. Within the xylem of Cedrela, alternating bands of fibres and vessels surrounded by paratracheal parenchyma were found; bands of resin canals were only occasional. In the juvenile wood of Swietenia and Carapa no synchronization of the increment curves was possible, whereas the increment curves obtained in the juvenile wood of Cedrela showed parallel run in growth. The increment curves obtained in adult wood of Swietenia and Cedrela indicate an annual formation of increment zones, whereas the number of increment zones in the xylem of Carapa was approximately 50% higher than the tree age (years) indicating that the growth increments of Carapa also were not annual during the adult phase of growth.The study of the intraannual growth dynamics of the trees showed that the formation of parenchyma bands in Swietenia is induced by dry periods before a cambial dormancy. The formation of parenchyma bands of Carapa was induced by extremely dry and extremely wet periods before a cambial dormancy, whereas fibre bands in Cedrela were induced by dry periods before a cambial dormancy and the formation of vessel bands embedded in paratracheal parenchyma was induced by wet periods after a cambial dormancy. In addition, insect attack (Hypsipyla grandella) induced locally restricted formation of parenchyma bands and bands of resin canals in Swietenia, Carapa and Cedrela.

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NIRS IDENTIFICATION OF SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA IS ROBUST ACROSS SPECIMENS FROM 27 COUNTRIES

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-20160144 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 420-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Maria C.J. Bergo ◽

Tereza C.M. Pastore ◽

Vera T.R. Coradin ◽

Alex C. Wiedenhoeft ◽

Jez W.B. Braga

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Similar Species ◽

Timber Species ◽

Cedrela Odorata ◽

Swietenia Macrophylla ◽

Classification Rate ◽

Tropical Timber ◽

Carapa Guianensis ◽

Country Level

Big-leaf mahogany is the world’s most valuable widely traded tropical timber species and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been applied as a tool for discriminating its wood from similar species using multivariate analysis. In this study four look-alike timbers of Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany or big-leaf mahogany), Carapa guianensis (crabwood), Cedrela odorata (cedar or cedro) and Micropholis melinoniana (curupixá) have been successfully discriminated using NIRS and Partial Least Squares for Discriminant Analysis using solid block and milled samples. Species identification models identified 155 samples of S. macrophylla from 27 countries with a correct classification rate higher than 96.8%. For these specimens, the NIRS spectrum variation was more powerful for species identification than for determining provenance of S. macrophylla at the country level.

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Tree infection by Hypsipyla grandella in Swietenia macrophylla and Cedrela odorata (Meliaceae) in Mexico's southern Yucatan Peninsula

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.054 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 255 (2) ◽

pp. 324-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Diego R. Pérez-Salicrup ◽

Ricardo Esquivel

Keyword(s):

Yucatan Peninsula ◽

Cedrela Odorata ◽

Swietenia Macrophylla ◽

Yucatán Peninsula ◽

Hypsipyla Grandella

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Ocorrência de Hypsipyla grandella Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) no Sul do Estado de Roraima

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v9i2.547 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 97-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luiz Fernandes Silva Dionisio ◽

Antonio Cesar Silva Lima ◽

Tatiane Marie Martins Gomes de Castro ◽

Ruy Guilherme Correia ◽

Walmer Bruno Rocha Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Forest ◽

Economic Interest ◽

Forest Pest ◽

Swietenia Macrophylla ◽

Carapa Guianensis ◽

Agricultural Entomology ◽

First Occurrence ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽

Multiple Uses ◽

Hypsipyla Grandella

Resumo. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo registrar a ocorrência de Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) atacando sementes de andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl) em floresta nativa, na região sul do estado de Roraima, Brasil. Dentre as espécies de interesse econômico na Amazônia, se destaca Carapa guianensis, por ser nativa e de múltiplo uso, sendo a madeira e o óleo extraído de suas sementes, seus produtos mais importantes. As plantas da família Meliaceae como C. guianensis e Swietenia macrophylla (King) têm como uma das principais pragas florestais a H. grandella. A coleta das sementes de C. guianensis foi realizada nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2012, tendo-se selecionado as que estavam sobre o solo embaixo da copa das arvores, e danificadas (presença de furos), ou com vestígios de ataque (exsudação de goma sobre as sementes) por insetos. Em seguida as mesmas foram levadas ao Laboratório de Entomologia Agrícola da Universidade Federal de Roraima - UFRR, onde foram separadas em lotes de 50 sementes, por município totalizando 200 sementes. Constatou-se nas sementes a presença de 450 larvas de Hypsipyla, as quais originaram 392 (87%) adultos de Hypsipyla ferrealis (Hampson) e 58 (13%) de H. grandella. Este é o primeiro registro de ocorrência de H. grandella danificando sementes de C. guianensis em Roraima.Occurrence of Hypsipyla grandella Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) in the South of Roraima StateAbstract. The study aimed to record the occurrence of Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) attacking andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl) seed, in native forest of Roraima southern region, Brazil. Among the species of economic interest in the Amazon, stands out C. guianensis, by to be native and of multiple uses, having wood and the oil extracted from seeds as the most important products. The Meliaceae family plants, as C. guianensis and Swietenia macrophylla (King), have as a major forest pest, H. grandella. The C. guianensis seeds samplings were held in February and March 2012. The seeds were selected on the ground beneath the canopy of trees, and those which had damage (holes presence), or with insects attack trace (exudation). The seeds were brought to the Agricultural Entomology laboratory, of Federal University of Roraima - UFRR, which were separated into batches of 50 seeds per municipality, totaling 200 seeds. It was observed the presence of 450 Hypsipyla larvae in the seeds, which yielded 392 (87%) adults of Hypsipyla ferrealis (Hampson) and 58 (13%) of H. grandella. This is the first occurrence of H. grandella damaging andiroba seeds in Roraima.

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Selección de Árboles Semilleros en Plantaciones Forestales de la Península de Santa Elena. Ecuador.

Revista Científica y Tecnológica UPSE ◽

10.26423/rctu.v4i2.261 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Juan Valladolid Ontaneda ◽

Ángel León Mejía ◽

Daniel Paredes Flores

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Timber Species ◽

Cedrela Odorata ◽

Gmelina Arborea ◽

Forest Species ◽

Swietenia Macrophylla ◽

Cordia Alliodora ◽

Santa Elena ◽

Number Of Seeds ◽

Selection Of

El estudio de selección de árboles semilleros se realizó en las comunas Olón, Dos Mangas y Salanguillo del cantón Santa Elena, provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador. El objetivo del estudio fue, identificar, caracterizar y seleccionar árboles semilleros de especies maderables con buenas características morfológicas, y que permitan disponer de semillas para trabajos de propagación de especies forestales en viveros con fines de reforestación. El estudio se inicia con la identificación y ubicación de plantaciones forestales de varias especies forestales establecidas entre los años 2000 a 2005, en las plantaciones se evaluaron las características dasométricas y morfológicas, las que permitieron seleccionar 11 árboles con características morfológicas deseables correspondientes a cinco especies forestales laurel blanco(Cordia alliodora), laurel negro(Cordia megalantha), caoba (Swietenia macrophylla), cedro (Cedrela odorata) y melina (Gmelina arbórea); cada árbol fue georreferenciado utilizando coordenadas UTM Datum WGS 1984 Zona 17M. La cantidad de semillas que pueden producir dichas especies forestales es proyectada por año la cual servirá como referencia para establecer programas de reforestación con materiales propios y adaptados a las condiciones ambientales en la provincia de Santa Elena Abstract The study of selection of seed trees was carried out in the Olón, Dos Mangas and Salanguillo communes of the canton Santa Elena, Santa Elena province, Ecuador. The objective of the study was to identify, characterize and select seedlings of timber species with good morphological characteristics, and to allow seeds to be used for the propagation of forest species in nurseries for reforestation purposes. The study began with the identification and location of forest plantations of several forest species established between 2000 and 2005, on the plantations, the dasometric and morphological characteristics were evaluated, allowing the selection of 11 trees with desirable morphological characteristics corresponding to five forest species White laurel (Cordia alliodora), black laurel (Cordia megalantha), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), cedar (Cedrela odorata) and melina (Gmelina arborea); Each tree was georeferenced using coordinates UTM Datum WGS 1984 Zone 17M. The number of seeds that can produce these forest species is projected per year which will serve as a reference to establish reforestation programs with their own materials and adapted to the environmental conditions in the province of Santa Elena.

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Morfometria de quatro espécies florestais em sistemas agroflorestais no munícipio de Porto Velho, Rondônia.

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v7i1.932 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tiago Monteiro Condé ◽

Maria Luiza Martins de Lima ◽

Everaldo Marques de Lima Neto ◽

Helio Tonini

Keyword(s):

Swietenia Macrophylla ◽

Bertholletia Excelsa ◽

Carapa Guianensis ◽

Copaifera Langsdorffii ◽

Porto Velho

O presente estudo visa descrever a morfometria das espécies Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl), Castanheirado- Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.), Copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.) e Mogno (Swietenia macrophylla King.) e simular o espaço vital para que as mesmas cresçam sem concorrência em plantios agroflorestais. Os dados foram coletados em vinte sistemas agroflorestais (SAF’s) em idade considerada produtiva (16,5 anos) do Projeto RECA (Reflorestamento Econômico Consorciado e Adensado) no município de Porto Velho, Rondônia. A implantação dos SAF´s ocorreu mediante a supressão da vegetação por meio do processo de derrubada e queima da floresta nativa. Foram coletados aleatoriamente dados morfométricos de indivíduos com DAP > 10 cm das quatro espécies florestais em 1 ha de cada propriedade rural , totalizando uma área amostral de 20 ha (20 propriedades). A amostragem foi composta por 25 indivíduos de Andiroba, 40 de Castanheirado- Brasil, 23 de Copaíba e 46 de Mogno. A Andiroba foi bastante semelhante ao Mogno em relação à Porcentagem de Copa (PC), Índice de Abrangência (IA) e Forma de Copa (FC) e ambas demonstraram potencialidade para plantios adensados com fins madeireiros. A Castanheira-do-Brasil e a Copaíba obtiveram os maiores valores de FC (1,66; 1,79) e Área de Copa (92,60; 57,51), respectivamente, indicando copas frondosas, características silviculturais interessantes para o extrativismo de sementes. Foi simulado o espaço vital para que às quatro espécies desenvolvessem sem competição entre copas. Concluiu-se que, ambas as espécies apresentaram potencial para plantio visando à extração de produtos madeireiros e não madeireiros em áreas florestais submetidas ao desmatamento e degradação na Amazônia.

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Dendroecological investigations on Swietenia macrophylla King and Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae) in the central Amazon

Trees ◽

10.1007/s00468-002-0230-2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 244-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Oliver Dünisch ◽

Valdinez Ribeiro Montóia ◽

Josef Bauch

Keyword(s):

Cedrela Odorata ◽

Swietenia Macrophylla ◽

Central Amazon

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On the Origin of Intercellular Canals in the Secondary Xylem of Selected Meliaceae Species

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000155 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 281-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oliver Dünisch ◽

Pieter Baas

Keyword(s):

High Growth ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Cedrela Odorata ◽

Root Tips ◽

Experimental Site ◽

Growth Stresses ◽

Carapa Guianensis ◽

Phase Sequence ◽

Carapa Procera ◽

Swietenia Mahagoni

The anatomy, frequency, and origin of intercellular canals in the xylem of ten Meliaceae species (Carapa guianensis Aubl., Carapa procera DC., Cedrela odorata L., Cedrela fissilis Vell., Entandrophragma cilindricum Sprague, Entandrophragma utile Sprague, Khaya ivorensis A. Chev., Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss., Swietenia macrophylla King, Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) were investigated using 327 samples from institutional wood collections, 398 plantation grown trees, and 43 pot cultivated plants. Tangential bands of intercellular canals and single canals were found in the xylem of all ten species. Staining of microtome sections indicated that the chemical composition of the secretion is similar to that of “wound-gums”. Studying the origin of the intercellular canals along the stem axis, it became obvious that the formation of the canals can be induced by wounding of the primary meristems (in particular by insect attacks of Hypsipyla spp., wounding of root tips) and by wounding of the cambium (formation of 43–100% of the intercellular canals). In fast growing trees of Carapa spp., Entandrophragma utile, and Khaya ivorensis, planted at an experimental site near Manaus, Brazil, numerous canals were found which were not induced by wounding of the meristems. In these trees an out of phase sequence of xylem cell development and high growth stresses were observed, which are hypothesised to be a further trigger for the traumatic formation of intercellular canals.

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