Chemical profile of manually extracted andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis Aubl., Meliaceae) from Mamangal community, located in Igarapé-Miri, Pará, Brazil

Carapa guianensis species belongs to the Meliaceae family and, in the Brazilian Amazon, it has great importance in folk medicine, mainly because the oil extracted from its seeds presents varied biological activities. Thus, the present work aimed to analyze, by gas phase chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS), the chemical composition of manually extracted andiroba oil, from Mamangal community, located in Igarapé-Miri, Pará, Brazil. As results, 99.63% of the constituents of the oil sample were identified and quantified from which the main components were oleic, palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids. The manual oil extraction from andiroba seeds in the Mamangal community is sustainable and economically viable. Due to the high content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids C. guianensis oil can be considered interesting useful for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Indeed, the unsaturated fatty acids represented 57.5% of the oil constituents, among which the essential ones stand out, as they have great applicability in healing drugs formulation.

O uso medicinal de Carapa guianensis Abul. (Andiroba)

Objetivos: Tem-se como objetivo geral identificar as propriedades medicinais da Carapa guianensis Aubl pela população da Amazônia. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, em bases de dados online de livros, teses, dissertações e artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2021. Identificou-se na pesquisa que o extrato lipídico da Andiroba, obtido das amêndoas onde é tradicionalmente usado pelos povos amazônicos devidos suas propriedades antiinflamatórias, como calmante de dores musculares e articulares, desinfectante ou cicatrizante da pele em decorrências de picadas de insetos ou para tonificar o cabelo e afugentar piolhos. Conclusão: Carapa guianensis Aubl tem efeitos terapêuticos comprovado tanto pela cultura popular, como por estudos científicos, podendo ser utilizado coo cicatrizante, antiparasitária, antifúngica e bactericida e cosméticos.

TÉCNICAS DE RECOBRIMENTO COM ÓLEOS NATURAIS PARA APLICAÇÃO EM FIOS ORTONDÔTICOS

Os óleos naturais apresentam grande potencial de aplicação, como propriedades analgésicas, anti-inflamatórias, e antialérgicas eficientes, além de se mostraram eficazes no processo antimicrobiano. Com base nessa constatação, o objetivo deste trabalho foi revestir fios de aço inoxidável com óleos naturais Andiroba (Carapa guianensis) e Sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus) a partir de diferentes técnicas de recobrimentos: eletrospinning e dip coating. Neste trabalho, os recobrimentos formados por uma solução composta óleos naturais fixos foram despositados na superfície do biomaterial aço inoxidável após diferentes intervalos de tempo de imersão e secagem. A verificação da adesão desses recobrimentos na superfície das amostras foram avaliadas por meio de análises morfológicas: Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura - MEV e Microscópio de Força Atômica - AFM. Os resultados via técnica dip coating das amostras foram semelhantes mesm após diferentes parâmetros estabelecidos. Com a deposição via eletrospinning apresentaram também aderência à superfície do biomaterial, porém observou-se maior rugosidade e pouca homogeneidade nessa superfície . Com base nessas constatações, ambas as técnicas e tipo de recobrimentos utilizados demonstraram ser promissores para o recobrimento de fios inoxidáveis utilizados na odontologia. Palavras-chave: óleos naturais; técnicas de recobrimento; fios de aço ortodônticos.

Forest Species with Agroforestry Potential in the Alto Mira and Frontera Community Council, in the Tumaco Municipality, Colombia

La región Pacífica Colombiana por su posición geográfica y condiciones climáticas presenta diversos sistemas de producción agrícola, entre ellos los agroforestales en donde el productor ha seleccionado las especies más adecuadas teniendo en cuenta atributos económicos, ambientales y sociales. En el Consejo Comunitario Alto Mira y Frontera del municipio de Tumaco-Nariño, se identificaron especies forestales con potencial agroforestal, para lo cual se seleccionaron 150 fincas, teniendo en cuenta criterios como presencia de sistemas agroforestales, disponibilidad de brindar información por los propietarios y facilidad de acceso; se aplicó una encuesta semiestructurada y mediante el Coeficiente de Importancia de las Especies (CIE), se priorizaron las especies maderables con potencial agroforestal; la información obtenida se confrontó con la comunidad a través de un taller participativo. Se encontró que el sistema predominante es la asociación de Theobroma cacao L. con Musa paradisiaca L., Cocus nucifera L., Bactris gasipaes Kunth, frutales y maderables. Se identificaron 14 especies maderables utilizadas en las diferentes prácticas agroforestales, y de acuerdo al CIE, se priorizaron tres, en orden de importancia son las siguientes: Cedrela odorata L., Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pavón) Oken, y Carapa guianensis Aubl. Se encontró que el conocimiento es variado, existiendo mayor preferencia por las especies forestales que representan un beneficio económico.

In vitro efficacy of Carapa guianensis Aublet (Meliaceae) oil on Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis Schrank (1781)

Productivity in small ruminants can be compromised due to lice infestations. This pest infestation is controlled by the administration of insecticides, and their excessive use causes resistance. New control alternatives are being investiga-ted, especially the use of phytotherapeutics. Research using the oil from Carapa guianensis (andiroba) has shown insecticidal action on feline and goat lice specimens. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of C. guianensis seed oil, in vitro, on Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis.Nine hundred specimens of D. (Bovicola) ovis were randomly assigned into groups and were subjected to different treatments: (G1) 1,000 to 15.6 mg/mL of C. guianensis oil; (G2) 3% Tween 80 (negative control); and (G3) amitraz 1.25 g/mL (positive control). Data presentation was expressed as mean efficacy ± standard deviation using the statistical program SPSS version 23.0 and statistical differences of the experimental groups were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman. Probit Regression was performed to obtain CI50 and CI90, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The oil with a concentration of 1,000 mg/mL had an efficacy of 94% after 24 hours of exposure, differing statistically from the positive and negative control (p < 0.05). The IC50 and IC90 values were 439.21 mg/mL and 807.09 mg/mL, respectively. The action of the oil on the specimens was independent whether it was an adult female, male, or nymph. It is concluded that C. guianensis oil showed in vitro insecticidal effect against D. (Bovicola) ovis.

Growth potential of Carapa guianensis (Aubl.) in Tumaco, Colombia

Introduction: Determining growth and yield potential of a forest species is a requirement for management planning. One of the important forest species for the Tumaco region is Carapa guianensis (Aubl.), due to its high timber potential. Objective: To evaluate the growth potential of the native species C. guianensis (andiroba or tangare) in Tumaco, Colombia. Materials and methods: Permanent plots were established in which tree measurement variables were recorded for 90 even-aged individuals for 60 months. Mean annual increments were estimated and an allometric equation was fitted to estimate height from the diameter at 1.30 m (DBH). Results and discussion: At 60 months of age, C. guianensis trees showed survival between 70 and 87 %. Mean annual increase in diameter and height was 2.9 cm∙yr -1 and 2.3 cm∙yr -1 , respectively. By fitting linear and nonlinear models, we determine the following allometric equation . The species showed rapid diameter growth compared to other regions where it can take more than 50 years to reach a minimum usable diameter of 40 cm. Conclusion: Based on mean annual growth increments, and under the agroecological conditions of the region, C. guianensis is expected to reach maturity at an early age (before 50 years of age).