Wood Anatomy of Trees and Shrubs from China ii. Theaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Liang ◽  
Pieter Baas
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Ground Tissue ◽  
The Family ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The wood anatomy of 95 species belonging to fifteen genera of the Theaceae native to China is described. Despite the wood anatomical homogeneity of the family it is possible to key out individual genera (p. 373) as long as the unknown material is confined to Chinese species. In general the wood of Theaceae can be characterised by exclusively solitary vessels, scalariform perforations, opposite to scalariform vessel wall pitting, ground tissue of long fibre-tracheids, parenchyma scanty paratracheal and apotracheally diffuse, and heterocellular rays.

Wood Anatomy of Trees and Shrubs from China. I. Oleaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Baas ◽  
Zhang Xinying
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
The Family ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The wood anatomy of 34 species belonging to nine genera of Oleaceae, native or commonly cultivated in China, is described in detail, and a key to the identification of the genera is given. The diversity in wood structure supports the grouping of genera as based on a worldwide wood anatomical survey of the family by Esser and Van der Westen (1983) and Esser et al. (in preparation). Characters to separate these groups are type of imperforate tracheary elements (libriform fibres or fibre-tracheids), vessel distribution and grouping (mainly solitary or mainly in multiples; in an oblique to dendritic pattern or not), presence or absence of vascular tracheids, presence or absence of parenchyma bands (mostly marginal), and vessel wall sculpturing and intervessel pit size.

Wood Anatomy of Trees and Shrubs from China Vii. Sapindaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Baizhong ◽  
B. J. H. ter Welle ◽  
R. K. W. M. Klaassen
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Diffuse Porous

The wood anatomy of 24 species belonging to 18 genera of the Sapindaceae native to China is described. Despite the wood anatomical homogeneity of the Chinese taxa of the family, it is possible to key out individual genera as long as the unknown material is confined to Chinese species. In general, the wood of Sapindaceae is characterised by diffuse-porous vessel distribution, simple perforations, alternate intervessei pits, comrnonly septate libriform fibres, usually scanty paratracheal parenchyma, mainly uniseriate rays and prismatic crystals common in chambered parenchyma and or fibres. The two taxa from temperate regions are ring-porous.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and Ecological Signals in the Wood of Spathelioideae (Rutaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc S. Appelhans ◽  
Bertie Joan van Heuven ◽  
Frederic Lens ◽  
Pieter Baas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Hydraulic Safety ◽  
Anatomical Information ◽  
First Time

Subfamily Spathelioideae of Rutaceae constitutes a well-supported early branching clade of eight small woody genera that were formerly assigned to five different Sapindalean/Rutalean families. This study brings together detailed wood anatomical information on all eight genera (for four the wood anatomy is described for the first time in detail). Wood anatomy strongly supports the inclusion of all Spathelioid genera in Rutaceae and underpins the molecular phylogeny with a set of interesting apomorphies at different nodes of the cladogram. The wood anatomy of Cneorum tricoccon with its semi-ring porosity, dendritic vessel pattern, vascular tracheids and helical vessel wall thickenings stands out in Spathelioideae. This wood anatomical syndrome is hypothesized to be due to adaptive evolution for hydraulic safety and efficiency of this species in a typical Mediterranean climate, where similar syndromes have evolved in many unrelated clades of woody dicots. In at least six unrelated genera of Rutaceae outside Spathelioideae from Mediterranean or cool temperate and montane climates, the syndrome has also evolved in presumably parallel, adaptive evolution.

Fruit developmental biology and endosperm rumination in Elaeocarpus ruminatus (Elaeocarpaceae), and its taxonomic significance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet N. Gagul ◽  
David Y. P. Tng ◽  
Darren M. Crayn
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Phylogenetic Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

The genus Elaeocarpus is the largest genus in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising more than 350 species of trees and shrubs with a mainly Indo-Pacific distribution. Approximately 28 species in the genus, including nine species from Australia, are known to possess ruminate endosperm. To provide a basis for understanding fruit development and endosperm rumination in the genus and, therefore, its taxonomic and evolutionary significance, we studied the fruit anatomy of Elaeocarpus ruminatus F.Muell. at different developmental phases (petal-fall to maturity). We found lignin in pericarp and ovary wall tissues in the earliest stages of development. In contrast, endosperm rumination occurs only after fruits have fully expanded, and becomes more pronounced as fruits ripen. Its phylogenetic distribution suggests that ruminate endosperm is a derived, albeit homoplasious character in Elaeocarpus. Comparative studies on related species will be instructive in determining the utility of ruminate endosperm for informing infra-generic taxonomy of the genus, and gaining insight into its adaptive significance.

scholarly journals Wood Anatomy of Cercidium (Fabaceae), with Emphasis on Vessel Wall Sculpture

Aliso ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherwin Carlquist
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Wood Anatomy

scholarly journals Stigmatic surface in the Vochysiaceae: reproductive and taxonomic implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Carmo-Oliveira ◽  
Berta Lange de Morretes
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Stigmatic Surface ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The Vochysiaceae are Neotropical trees and shrubs, common in the savanna areas in Central Brazil (Cerrados). The family has been traditionally divided into two tribes: Erismeae, with three genera, and Vochysieae, with five genera. We investigated the stigmatic surface of six Vochysiaceae species, belonging to four genera of Vochysieae: Vochysia, Salvertia, Callisthene and Qualea. Flowers and buds at different developmental stages were collected. Morphological features were observed on fresh material and stigmatic receptivity was inferred based on esterasic activity. Pistils were fixed and embedded in paraplast and sectioned on a rotary microtome; the sections were stained before histological analysis. Stigmas of open flowers were also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Stigmas of all species were wet and showed esterasic activity at pre-anthesis and anthesis stages. Stigmatic surface was continuous with transmitting tissue of glandular nature. Vochysia and Salvertia stigmatic surfaces were formed by multicelular uniseriate hairs, and species of the remaining genera showed papillate surface. The exudate over mature stigmas in all species flowed without rupture of stigmatic surface and pollen tubes grew down between hairs or papillae. Differences on the stigmatic surface agreed with a phylogenetic reconstruction that separated two clades and indicated that Vochysieae is not monophyletic. Stigmatic features could not be associated with pollination and breeding systems.

The anatomy of the barks of Leptospermoideae

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Bamber
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Type Fibre

The anatomy of the barks of 61 species of the tribe Leptospermoideae of the family Myrtaceae, principally from Australia, has been studied. The following anatomical features in particular have been described: type and arrangement of sclerenchyma, type and distribution of crystals, silica, oil glands, sieve tube type, fibre dimensions, periderm, and rhytidome. A key for the identification of the species and/or groups of species described has been derived from the bark anatomy. The bark anatomy would appear to be superior to the wood anatomy for the separation of the species of the tribe. The relationship between the bark anatomy and the taxonomy of the tribe is discussed. Support for the separation of Choricarpia subargentea and C. leptopetala from both Syncarpia and Tristania is given. Tristania neriifolia appears to be distinctly different from other Tristania spp. and re-examination of the species is suggested. Samples of Metrosideros sp. from Indonesia have been found to have the characteristics of Xanthostemon and re-examination of the genus of this species is also suggested. Oil glands have been found to be restricted to the genera Eucalyptus, Syncarpia, and Xanthostemon. Resorption of crystals has been found in the outer phloem of a number of species. Casparian thickening of the cell walls of the suberized phellem in Callistemon and Melaleuca has been confirmed.

The circumscription and systematic position of Carpodetaceae

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats H. G. Gustafsson ◽  
Kåre Bremer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Seed Structure ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rbcl Sequences

The genus Carpodetus from New Zealand, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands, traditionally has been included in the extremely heterogeneous Saxifragaceae sensu lato, but on account of morphological peculiarities it has sometimes been classified in its own family. On palynological grounds it has been suggested to belong near the Ericales. Parsimony analyses of matrices comprising rbcL sequences of 80 taxa sampled from the entire Asteridae and Rosidae provide support for a sister group relationship between Carpodetus and a clade comprising the closely related Australian genera Abrophyllum and Cuttsia, also formerly placed in Saxifragaceae sensu lato, but recently shown to belong within the order Asterales sensu lato. A morphological comparison between the three interrelated genera is provided. They have in common an indumentum of thick-walled unicellular hairs with warty cuticle, and are also uniform in wood anatomy as well as fruit and seed structure. It is proposed that the family Carpodetaceae be expanded to encompass Abrophyllum and Cuttsia.

Comparaison de quelques Loganiacées à l'aide des caractères quantitatifs et qualitatifs de l'anatomie du bois

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 872-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Coulaud
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Qualitative Characters

Seventy-three samples of wood, belonging to 11 genera of Loganiaceae and 2 genera of Rubiaceae are described. Fourteen quantitative characters are first studied by a discriminant multivariate analysis, and then all the characters are examined. The characters of wood anatomy show the unity as well as the subdivisions of the family Loganiaceae. The two genera Antonia and Bonyunia belong to an homogenous and individualized group. Potalia, Anthocleista, and Fagraea are also related and are opposite to Strychnos. Neuburgia is not near Strychnos, though it belongs to the same tribe. A new relation is discovered between Nuxia and Geniostoma, and the special feature of Buddlejeae (Nuxia, Buddleja) does not come into sight; these genera are also related to Strychnos and Peltanthera. The genera Gaertnera and Genipa can scarcely be distinguished from the family by a few qualitative characters. The necessity of standardization in the observations, in order to integrate wood characters in systematic studies, is noted.

Wood Anatomy of Bhesa Sinica (Celastraceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Xinying ◽  
Pieter Baas ◽  
Alberta M. W. Mennega
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anatomical Character ◽  
The Family ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells

The wood anatomy of Bhesa sinica (Chang ' Liang) Chang ' Liang, the only species of the genus occurring in China, is described in detail and compared with other Celastraceae. Bhesa sinica closely resembles other species of the genus, in e. g. vessels mainly in radial multiples, exclusively scalariform perforations, large and (almost) simple vessel-ray pits; parenchyma in fine irregular bands, in long (over 8-celled) strands; thick-walled, non septate libriform fibres; 1-5-seriate heterocellular rays, and prismatic crystals in chambered axial and ray parenchyma cells. This combination of characters is not known to occur in any of the other genera of the Celastraceae, and most individual wood anatomical character states of Bhesa are also unusual within the family. The isolated position of the genus in the Celastraceae is discussed.

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