Comparaison de quelques Loganiacées à l'aide des caractères quantitatifs et qualitatifs de l'anatomie du bois

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 872-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Coulaud
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Qualitative Characters

Seventy-three samples of wood, belonging to 11 genera of Loganiaceae and 2 genera of Rubiaceae are described. Fourteen quantitative characters are first studied by a discriminant multivariate analysis, and then all the characters are examined. The characters of wood anatomy show the unity as well as the subdivisions of the family Loganiaceae. The two genera Antonia and Bonyunia belong to an homogenous and individualized group. Potalia, Anthocleista, and Fagraea are also related and are opposite to Strychnos. Neuburgia is not near Strychnos, though it belongs to the same tribe. A new relation is discovered between Nuxia and Geniostoma, and the special feature of Buddlejeae (Nuxia, Buddleja) does not come into sight; these genera are also related to Strychnos and Peltanthera. The genera Gaertnera and Genipa can scarcely be distinguished from the family by a few qualitative characters. The necessity of standardization in the observations, in order to integrate wood characters in systematic studies, is noted.

Anatomical Changes on Charring Six African Hardwoods

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Prior ◽  
Peter Gasson
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Ecological Wood Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
The Family ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Quantitative Changes

Charcoal often retains sufficient qualitative anatomical features for the family and genus of the wood to be identified. During the charring process however, considerable and sometimes unexpected changes in quantitative characters occur, which are of particular importance to species identification and ecological wood anatomy. Comparative measurements were made using charred and uncharred trunkwood from six common southern African savanna trees. SampIes were charred for 30 minutes at either 400 or 700°C. Charcoal yield and significant quantitative changes in vessel diameter and ray cells are related both to wood anatomy and to the process of combustion. Differences observed on charring were most closely correlated with the nature and quantity of the fibres. Axial parenchyma cells expanded after charring at both temperatures.

Plant induced spatial distribution of nematodes in a semi-natural grassland

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Viketoft
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Natural Grassland ◽  
Nematode Fauna

AbstractThis study describes the nematode community in a semi-natural grassland and investigates if certain individual plant species can cause a spatial structure in the nematode fauna. Nematode communities were analysed in soil under Trifolium repens, Festuca ovina and from randomly taken samples. Seventy-nine nematode genera were identified. Some of the species found have not previously been reported from Sweden. Multivariate analysis separated the nematode communities associated with the two selected plant species from each other, and several individual nematode genera differed in abundance between the plant species. Trifolium repens supported greater populations of the plant feeder Tylenchorhynchus and the bacterial feeders Eucephalobus, Chiloplacus, Eumonhystera and Panagrolaimus, but fewer numbers of the bacterial feeder Achromadora. Soil under F. ovina contained more nematodes from the family Alaimidae. A comparison is given with other studies from grassland systems in Sweden.

scholarly journals PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES, THALICTRUM JAVANICUM BLUME IN THOTTABETTA, NILGIRIS, THE WESTERN GHATS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Abinaya G ◽  
Paulsamy S
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
The Nilgiris ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
Study Species ◽  
Phytosociological Study

Phytosociological study is the most essential in any community to know its structure and organization. The various qualitative characters obtained are used to determine the level of distribution, numerical strength and degree of dominance exhibited by the constituent species in the community. Thalictrum javanicum belongs to the family Ranunculaceae family, it is medium sized erect herb, found in the temperate Himalayas from Kasmir to Sikkim in Khasi hills, and Kodaikanal and Nilgiri hills of Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, India. At global level, it is generally distributed in the hilly tracts of India, Srilanka, China and Java at the altitude of around 2400 m above msl. The present study was undertaken in Thottabetta , the Nilgiris by sampling using belt transects of 10x1000m size which further divided into 100 segments each which 10x10m size. The total number of species encountered in the study area is 45 which includes 5 grasses and 40 forbs. The quantitative ecological characters of the study species, T. javanicum is a detailed below: frequency 11%, abundance 3.82 individuals/m2, density 0.42 individuals/m2, basal cover 172.20/mm2/ m2, relative frequency 0.55% and relative density 0.08%, relative dominance 0.16%. Based on the ecological attributes it is determined that the species, T. javanicum is less perpetuated in the community studied. Hence, further studies on the determination of propagation strategies for population enhancement and conservationof wilds are suggested.

The anatomy of the barks of Leptospermoideae

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Bamber
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Type Fibre

The anatomy of the barks of 61 species of the tribe Leptospermoideae of the family Myrtaceae, principally from Australia, has been studied. The following anatomical features in particular have been described: type and arrangement of sclerenchyma, type and distribution of crystals, silica, oil glands, sieve tube type, fibre dimensions, periderm, and rhytidome. A key for the identification of the species and/or groups of species described has been derived from the bark anatomy. The bark anatomy would appear to be superior to the wood anatomy for the separation of the species of the tribe. The relationship between the bark anatomy and the taxonomy of the tribe is discussed. Support for the separation of Choricarpia subargentea and C. leptopetala from both Syncarpia and Tristania is given. Tristania neriifolia appears to be distinctly different from other Tristania spp. and re-examination of the species is suggested. Samples of Metrosideros sp. from Indonesia have been found to have the characteristics of Xanthostemon and re-examination of the genus of this species is also suggested. Oil glands have been found to be restricted to the genera Eucalyptus, Syncarpia, and Xanthostemon. Resorption of crystals has been found in the outer phloem of a number of species. Casparian thickening of the cell walls of the suberized phellem in Callistemon and Melaleuca has been confirmed.

The circumscription and systematic position of Carpodetaceae

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats H. G. Gustafsson ◽  
Kåre Bremer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Seed Structure ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rbcl Sequences

The genus Carpodetus from New Zealand, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands, traditionally has been included in the extremely heterogeneous Saxifragaceae sensu lato, but on account of morphological peculiarities it has sometimes been classified in its own family. On palynological grounds it has been suggested to belong near the Ericales. Parsimony analyses of matrices comprising rbcL sequences of 80 taxa sampled from the entire Asteridae and Rosidae provide support for a sister group relationship between Carpodetus and a clade comprising the closely related Australian genera Abrophyllum and Cuttsia, also formerly placed in Saxifragaceae sensu lato, but recently shown to belong within the order Asterales sensu lato. A morphological comparison between the three interrelated genera is provided. They have in common an indumentum of thick-walled unicellular hairs with warty cuticle, and are also uniform in wood anatomy as well as fruit and seed structure. It is proposed that the family Carpodetaceae be expanded to encompass Abrophyllum and Cuttsia.

Wood Anatomy of Trees and Shrubs from China Vii. Sapindaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Baizhong ◽  
B. J. H. ter Welle ◽  
R. K. W. M. Klaassen
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Diffuse Porous

The wood anatomy of 24 species belonging to 18 genera of the Sapindaceae native to China is described. Despite the wood anatomical homogeneity of the Chinese taxa of the family, it is possible to key out individual genera as long as the unknown material is confined to Chinese species. In general, the wood of Sapindaceae is characterised by diffuse-porous vessel distribution, simple perforations, alternate intervessei pits, comrnonly septate libriform fibres, usually scanty paratracheal parenchyma, mainly uniseriate rays and prismatic crystals common in chambered parenchyma and or fibres. The two taxa from temperate regions are ring-porous.

Intra- and interspecific variation in the early internal shell features of some Cretaceous ammonoids

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushige Tanabe ◽  
Neil H. Landman ◽  
Yuki Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
The U.S

Intra- and interspecific variation in the early internal shell features of ammonoids has been examined in 14 Late Cretaceous species representing four suborders on the basis of large samples from Hokkaido (Japan) and the U.S. Western Interior Province. Our observations indicate that quantitative characters such as the size of the initial chamber and ammonitella, the length of the prosiphon, and the ammonitella angle exhibit moderate variation within species. The ranges of variation partly overlap among species, indicating that these characters are not suitable for studies of the higher-level systematics of ammonoids, but may sometimes help diagnose species. In contrast, there is much less variation within species with respect to qualitative characters such as the shape of the prosiphon, the presence or absence of accessory threads of the prosiphon, the shape of the caecum, and the initial position of the siphuncle. Examination of these characters shows that they appear to be stable at the superfamily level for the Ammonitina, but variable among species in the Lytoceratina. Thus, these characters are potentially more useful for higher-level phylogenetic analysis.

Concepts of Causality Applied in the Clinic: Interactional Models and Attributional Style

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Munton ◽  
Peter M. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Therapy Sessions ◽  
Therapy Clinic ◽  
Family Groups

The purpose of the investigation was to compare causal attributions made by families attending a therapy clinic with those made by control families in interview. Attributional statements were extracted from transcripts of ten therapy sessions and ten control interviews, and coded according to a system described in Stratton et al. (1986). In order to examine the issue of whether a family can be said to possess an attributional style, a multivariate analysis of the data was undertaken. Results indicated that while differences between the family groups did exist on some attributional dimensions, attributional style was less evident. The clinical significance of those differences that did emerge is discussed within an interactional framework.

Wood Anatomy of Bhesa Sinica (Celastraceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Xinying ◽  
Pieter Baas ◽  
Alberta M. W. Mennega
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anatomical Character ◽  
The Family ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells

The wood anatomy of Bhesa sinica (Chang ' Liang) Chang ' Liang, the only species of the genus occurring in China, is described in detail and compared with other Celastraceae. Bhesa sinica closely resembles other species of the genus, in e. g. vessels mainly in radial multiples, exclusively scalariform perforations, large and (almost) simple vessel-ray pits; parenchyma in fine irregular bands, in long (over 8-celled) strands; thick-walled, non septate libriform fibres; 1-5-seriate heterocellular rays, and prismatic crystals in chambered axial and ray parenchyma cells. This combination of characters is not known to occur in any of the other genera of the Celastraceae, and most individual wood anatomical character states of Bhesa are also unusual within the family. The isolated position of the genus in the Celastraceae is discussed.

Systematic Wood Anatomy of Cornaceae and Allies

IAWA Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Noshiro ◽  
P. Baas
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Diversity Pattern ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Remarkable Agreement

The wood anatomy of Comaceae, Alangiaceae, Garryaceae, and Nyssaceae constituting the Comales in the sense of Cronquist (1981, 1988) is described in great detail and subjected to a cladistic analysis. A microscopic identification key to the woods studied is given. The alliance includes seventeen genera, mostly of trees and shrubs, very rarely herbs. Although wood anatomically fairly homogeneous, variation exists in both qualitative and quantitative characters. Some of the latter show distinct latitudinal trends within individual genera, and character states have only been recognised taking their latitudinal dependencies into account. The character states ultimately recognised in these continuously varying quantitative characters coincide with intergeneric or intersectional gaps. The cladistic analysis based on a datamatrix with twentyone characters (Table 3) and using Cereidiphyllum, Daphniphyllum, and Hamamelis as outgroups yielded a strict consensus tree with a quadrichotomy with two monophyletic clades, Hydrangea panieulata (a representative of the closely allied Hydrangeaceae) and Daphniphyllum (Fig. 81). One weakly supported clade includes Alangium, Camptotheea, Cornus, Curtisia, Davidia, Diplopanax, Mastixia, and Nyssa without any robust lineages among them. The other genera, Aralidium, Aueuba, Corokia, Garrya, Griselinia, Helwingia, Melanophylla and Toricellia, constitute a second, well-supported clade. Two Hydrangea taxa included in the analysis nest in the second clade and a basal branching respectively. The wood anatomical diversity pattern thus supports a family concept of Comaceae including Cornus, Curtisia, Diplopanax, Mastixia, Alangiaceae, and Nyssaceae, and exclusion of the genera in the other clade. There is remarkable agreement between some of these wood anatomical r~sults and recent cladistic analyses of rbcL sequences by Xiang and co-workers. The infrageneric classification of Cornus, Alangium and Nyssa is also discussed.

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