Marginal Parenchyma Bands and Crystalliferous Chains as Indicators of Age in African Acacia Species

IAWA Journal ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Gourlay ◽  
Peter J. Kanowski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Acacia Species ◽  
Narrow Bands

The radial cross sections of wood samples from individuals of known age in six African Acacia species were examined for growth rings, which were apparent in most species as narrow bands of marginal parenchyma filled with long crystal chains. The number of bands formed annually corresponded to the number of peaks in rainfall distribution. Samples from specimens of African Acacia species from the Oxford Forestry Institute's xylarium (FHOw) were also examined for similar crystalliferous chains, which were generally present. These results suggest that marginal parenchyma bands and crystalliferous chains define growth phases in African Acacia species, and may therefore be useful for age determination.

Calcium Oxalate Crystals in African Acacia Species and Them Analysis by Scanning Proton Microprobe (Spm)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.D. Gourlay ◽  
G.W. Grime
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Proton Microprobe ◽  
Scanning Proton Microprobe ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Narrow Bands

The radial and cross sections of wood samples from individual trees of known age of African Acacia species were examined for growth rings. These were apparent in most species as narrow bands of marginal parenchyma filled with long crystal chains. The crystals were subsequently identified as calcium oxalate through the use of a scanning proton microprobe. Several other chemical elements were concentrated around this zone. The number of parenchyma bands formed annually corresponded to the number of peaks in the annual rainfall distribution. These results suggest that the presence of marginal parenchyma bands and crystalliferous chains define growth phases in African Acacia species, and can be used for age determination.

scholarly journals Age determination and validation using internal growth rings in shell cross-sections of Ezo abalone Haliotis discus hannai, Iwate Prefecture, Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOSHIAKI OHMURA ◽  
HIDEKI TAKAMI ◽  
TOYOMITSU HORII ◽  
TADAKATSU NORO ◽  
KEN HORIKOSHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Haliotis Discus Hannai ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Haliotis Discus ◽  
Iwate Prefecture

Annual Growth Rings and Growth Zones in Woody Plants in Southern Australia

IAWA Journal ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Hans Schweingruber
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Growth Zones ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Irregular Growth

Cross sections of 760 trunks of approximately 670 species from 47 families of shrubs, dwarf shrubs, and trees were examined to study the incidence and appearance of different categories of growth zones. In montane/alpine sites with relatively cool winter temperatures all the woody plants form distinct growth rings similar to those seen in boreal and temperate regions throughout the world, and thus these rings are considered to represent annual rings. Most species from this phytogeographical zone are useful for crossdating. In the savannahs, the jarrah and karri woodlands of the southwest and the subtropical rain forests of the southeast identifiable growth zones are formed in most species. The approximate age of the woods can be determined, but crossdating is difficult or impossible. In the desert areas woody plants form irregular growth zones, the number of which may correspond to the incidence of rainfall, and age determination and crossdating is mostly impossible. Members of the well-studied families Cupressaceae, Epacridaceae and Myrtaceae form growth zones that are more distinct than the Mimosaceae and Proteaceae. Included phloem is present in all Chenopodiaceae, one Loranthaceae and two species of Verbenaceae.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Analysis Confirms the Annual Nature of Sagebrush Growth Rings

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1231-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Biondi ◽  
Scotty D J Strachan ◽  
Scott Mensing ◽  
Gianluca Piovesan
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Proxy Records ◽  
Annual Resolution ◽  
Wildfire Regimes

In the Great Basin of North America, big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) growth rings can be used to reconstruct environmental changes with annual resolution in areas where there is otherwise little such information available. We tested the annual nature of big sagebrush wood layers using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating. Four cross-sections from 3 sagebrush plants were collected near Ely, Nevada, USA, and analyzed using dendrochronological methods. Ten 14C measurements were then used to trace the location of the 1963–64 “bomb spike.” Although the number of rings on each section did not exceed 60, crossdating was possible within a section and between sections. Years assigned to individual wood layers by means of crossdating aligned with their expected 14C values, matching the location of the 14C peak. This result confirmed the annual nature of growth rings formed by big sagebrush, and will facilitate the development of spatially explicit, well-replicated proxy records of environmental change, such as wildfire regimes, in Great Basin valleys.

Les marques de croissance des os et des écailles comme indicateur de l'âge chez Testudo hermanni et Testudo graeca (Reptilia, Chelonia, Testudinidae)

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1649-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Castanet ◽  
Marc Cheylan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Histological Observation ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Males And Females

This work shows the value of osseous growth marks for age determination in two terrestrial chelonia, Testudo hermanni and Testudo graeca. Careful histological observation of long bones proves that concentric rings show a yearly growth pattern; we have already described similar findings in amphibians, snakes, and lizards.We confirm these data first by the observation of some wild turtles of known age and of a close correlation between the number of bone rings and the number of rings on the cornified scutes. We also confirm in both species that scutes have a yearly growth rhythm and we conclude that bone growth marks provide a good criterion for age determination. Resorption destroys some juvenile rings; we propose a calculation to evaluate the number of resorbed lines to obtain the true individual age.In our turtles, scute growth rings allowed age determination until sexual maturity. With osseous growth marks, we were able to extend accurate ageing until the 20th year. We also established that sexual maturity occurs when animals are 12 or 13 years old in both species, with little difference between males and females.

Validation of otolith age determination in Australian longfinned river eels, Anguilla reinhardtii

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce C. Pease ◽  
Darren P. Reynolds ◽  
Christopher T. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Age Validation ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Tag Loss ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Annulus Formation

The primary objective of the present study was to validate the annual nature of growth rings in otoliths of 'yellow eel stage' (fully pigmented, premigratory) Australian longfinned eels (Anguilla reinhardtii) in New South Wales, Australia, using a combination of laboratory and field experiments. Eels were injected with oxytetracycline (OTC) and tagged with external 'T-bar' tags. Microscopic examination of thin transverse sections of the sagittal otoliths from recaptured eels showed that one opaque annulus was typically formed in the otolith during each year subsequent to OTC marking. The seasonal timing of opaque annulus formation was highly variable, but generally occurred between May and November. Supernumerary (false or incomplete) rings were observed in many of the otoliths. Examination of otolith sections from a sample of very small, untagged yellow eels verifed the age at first annual increment formation. Marked and tagged longfinned eels did not have a significantly higher mortality rate than controls in the laboratory experiment, but tag loss rates may be high. The field study also indicates that Australian longfinned eels generally have a very restricted home range of 300 m or less. This study is believed to provide the first otolith age validation of a tropical anguillid.

Age determination of two South African Acacia species using ring counts and radiocarbon dating

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund C. February ◽  
Andre D. Mader ◽  
William J. Bond
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Acacia Species

scholarly journals AGE DETERMINATION AND PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION OF PINDOS FORELAND BASIN BASED ON CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Vakalas ◽  
G. Ananiadis ◽  
N. Kontopoulos ◽  
K. K. Stoykova ◽  
A. Zelilidis
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Basin Fill

The study area is part of the Pindos foreland (Underhill, 1985). Pindos foreland is a tertiary turbiditic foreland basin fill trending parallel to the external Hellenides and occupies Gavrovo and Ionian isopic zones (Aubouin, 1959). The age of Pindos foreland sediments is still a matter of discussion. B.P. (1971) proposed an early Miocene to middle Miocene age, explaining the presence of Oligocene fauna as a product of large scale erosion and reworking of older sediments during Miocene. IGSR&IFP(1966) suggested a late Eocene to early Miocene age for the basin fill while Fleury (1980), Leigh (1991), Wilpshaar (1995), Bellas (1997) assigned an Oligocene age. Avramidis et al (1999) proposes a middle Eocene to early Miocene age assessment, using nannofosil zones from three studied cross sections in the Klematia-Paramythia basin (middle Ionian zone). The determination of the sediment ages was based on the study of calcareous nannofossils, which came from almost 120 samples covering 11 geological cross sections. The nannofosil marker species that were found in the samples were classified using the biozones proposed by Martini in 1971. According to the age assessments arose from the studied samples, clastic sedimentation in the study area began in the Middle Eocene, with small differences among the basin. The end of clastic sedimentation seems to be at different times in different parts of the basin.

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