Chinese Students in Indonesia and the Belt and Road Initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-114
Author(s):  
Qianqian Luli
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Students ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Student Exchange Programs ◽  
Student Exchanges ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract This article reports on the author’s initial research on the motivations of Chinese students to study in Indonesia since 2013 when President Xi Jinping proposed that Indonesia become involved in China’s “Belt and Road” Initiative. As part of the ongoing research by the Indonesian Studies Center of Fujian Normal University, this paper explores current trends and conditions of student exchanges between Indonesia and China. The primary motivation for Chinese students to study abroad has usually been to obtain a better quality of education and an international degree, something that is more encouraged under the Belt and Road Initiative. It was found, however, that the number of Chinese students studying in Indonesia has not increased significantly during the past five years. There are several structural factors hindering the successful implementation of student exchange programs. These may be directly related to students’ place of origin, the majors they choose, or the level of the degrees which they obtained.

scholarly journals Ukraine–China strategic partnership: current situation, problems and prospects

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Purpose. The paper examines the peculiarities of the contemporary state and opportunities of further development of strategic partnership between Ukraine and China. The purpose of the paper is to study the state of implementation of the "Belt and Road Initiative" within the strategic partnership between Ukraine and China, as well as to identify threats and prospects for this form of cooperation for economic development of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The paper analyzes the scientific achievements of domestic and foreign researchers on the possibilities of Ukraine's inclusion in the "Belt and Road Initiative", it has been analyzed the current state of strategic partnership between Ukraine and China in the aspect of the project implementation, analyzed the dynamics of bilateral trade between Ukraine and China over the past 10 years, and disclosed the commodity structure of foreign trade between the countries. Investment flows between China and Ukraine have been analyzed, implemented, projected and not implemented projects of Ukraine, which were financed by Chinese investments have been considered. SWOT analysis of straegic cooperation between Ukraine and China in terms of the "Belt and Road Initiative" was carried out and a set of recommendations for the strategic partnership development between Ukraine and China was proposed in the paper. Results. The dynamics of trade in services between Ukraine and China during the studied period had the following changes: growth was observed from 2011, 2014, 2016 and 2019, a positive balance for Ukraine was from 2009 to 2013. The structure of Ukrainian exports of services to China was dominated by: transport services 54.3%, business services 22.8%, repair and maintenance services, which do not belong to other categories 8.2%. The structure of imports of services from China was dominated by: services related to financial activities 57.7%, transport services 6.2%. Currently there is a significant imbalance in trade operations between Ukraine and the People's Republic of China. The largest share in the sectoral structure of Chinese direct investments in the share capital occupies the industry – 33.1%, in particular processing industry - 30.6%, extractive industry - 1.8%; professional and scientific-technical activities – 24.3%, as well as agriculture – 19.9% (Fig. 2). The SWOT-analysis conducted of opportunities, advantages, threats and advantages of strategic cooperation between Ukraine and China in terms of the "Belt and Road Initiative" proves the presence of a large number of possible directions for cooperation between the countries, but their successful implementation of these opportunities largely depends on the desire for cooperation between the governments of both countries. Practical significance. The results of this study can be used by the authorities at the state level to improve the conditions of strategic partnership between Ukraine and China, to attract foreign investment in the necessary sectors of the economy.

Current trends in China's international development cooperation to Latin America: potential opportunities and challenges with the belt and road initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Andrea Gélvez Rubio ◽  
Juan Carlos Gachúz Maya
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Development ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
International Development Cooperation

PurposeThis paper enquires into general trends of China's International Development Cooperation over the past decade in Latin America and provides insights into the challenges with the Belt and Road Initiative.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses quantitative data for Chinese Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Other Official Flows (OOF) for projects in Latin America based on recent data contributions including Bluhm et al. (2018) and Gallagher & Myers (2019).FindingsBased on the data available, it can be concluded that the cooperation between China and Latin America has been increasing. For instance, the value of China's cooperation increased by 4.5% per year on average from 2000 to 2014. Moreover, China's economic and political motivations in the region indicate that the cooperative relationship has been changing from a South–South to a North–South framework. Two main factors are involved in this transition: the evolution of China from a developing country to a global emerging power and the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative to strengthen political and economic ties with the governments of the region.Practical implicationsThis investigation suggests that the increasing number of loans in the region and Beijing's growing interest in trade and natural resources are structural factors that guide the Chinese foreign policy.Originality/valueThere are few analyses of China's cooperation for development in Latin America that involve the evaluation of concessional and non-concessional loans for projects in the region in the last decade. This paper also analyses the challenges and opportunities that the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative represents for the region.

scholarly journals The Eurasian Economic Union as an Element of the Belt and Road Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czerewacz‑Filipowicz
Keyword(s):  
International Economic Order ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Belt And Road

The New Silk Road, or actually the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), is a Chinese concept aimed at facilitating international trade between China, Europe and Africa as well as building a new international economic order and security system. More than 60 countries belonging to various economic groupings with different levels of economic development and economic openness have been involved in the BRI. Many branches of the BRI run through the countries belonging to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). This is mainly the Trans‑Siberian corridor, being the northern branch of the Route, which is being developed in the most dynamic way and is the most exploited among all railway connections between China and Europe. In theory, the EAEU and its customs union between Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia should allow the easy transit of goods between Europe and Asia. Transport infrastructure, much better than in the case of the other BRI railway branches, seems to be an additional advantage. Unfortunately, political and structural factors, as well as the embargo imposed by Russia on many goods originating in Western Europe, significantly limit the possibilities of using this transport route. The aim of the article is to examine the potential of the Eurasian Economic Union as part of the Belt and Road Initiative and assess the possibility of using the transport corridor running through the territory of the EAEU within the BRI. We will also identify the main determinants that will affect the development of transport and logistics corridors running through the EAEU in the future.

The Belt and Road Initiative and Sino-Russian economic cooperation: Is there one more chance for us?

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Petr M. Mozias
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
The One ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Current Stage

China’s Belt and Road Initiative could be treated ambiguously. On the one hand, it is intended to transform the newly acquired economic potential of that country into its higher status in the world. China invites a lot of nations to build up gigantic transit corridors by joint efforts, and doing so it applies productively its capital and technologies. International transactions in RMB are also being expanded. But, on the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative is also a necessity for China to cope with some evident problems of its current stage of development, such as industrial overcapacity, overdependence on imports of raw materials from a narrow circle of countries, and a subordinate status in global value chains. For Russia participation in the Belt and Road Initiative may be fruitful, since the very character of that project provides us with a space to manoeuvre. By now, Russian exports to China consist primarily of fuels and other commodities. More active industrial policy is needed to correct this situation . A flexible framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is more suitable for this objective to be achieved, rather than traditional forms of regional integration, such as a free trade zone.

Belt and Road Initiative: Analysis of Possible Effects on Nigeria’s Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 20475-20182
Author(s):  
Ige Ayokunle O ◽  
Akingbesote A.O
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Economic ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
International Economic Cooperation ◽  
R Project ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road initiative is an important attempt by China to sustain its economic growth, by exploring new forms of international economic cooperation with new partners. Even though the B&R project is not the first attempt at international cooperation, it is considered as the best as it is open in nature and does not exclude interested countries. This review raised and answered three questions of how the B&R project will affect Nigeria’s economy?  How will it affect the relationship between Nigeria and China? What could go wrong?, The review concluded that Nigeria can only benefit positively from the project.

The Belt and Road Initiative: Goals and Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Adnan Khalaf i Hammed Al-Badrani ◽  
Hind Ziyad Nafeih
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative is an initiative to revive the ancient Silk Road, through networks of land and sea roads, oil and gas pipelines, electric power lines, the Internet and airports, to create a model of regional and international cooperation.       It is essentially a long-term development strategy, launched by the Chinese president in 2013 to become the main engine of Chinese domestic policy and foreign diplomacy and within the framework of the soft power strategy, to enhance its position and influence in the world as a peaceful and responsible country.   The study includes identifying the initiative and setting goals for China, as well as the challenges and difficulties that hinder the initiative.

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