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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zequn Li

Abstract Background Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (SICH) is a severe and deadly complication in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) who receive endovascular treatment (EVT). Recent studies have indicated that many risk factors, including pretreatment scores and the operation process, may be associated with the occurrence of SICH after thrombectomy. This study aims to identify independent risk factors and establish a novel nomogram-based model for patients with anterior LVO to predict the occurrence of SICH after direct thrombectomy or bridge therapy (thrombectomy based on intravenous thrombolysis). Methods Patients with acute ischaemic stroke after EVT to recanalize the blocked artery in anterior circulation were consecutively recruited from November 2017 to March 2019. Baseline information was collected from each patient. These data were subsequently analysed by R Project for Statistical Computing. Results A total of 127 patients with complete data were classified into the training set, among whom 37 patients (29.1%) fulfilled the criteria for SICH. The results of the multivariate analyses showed that NIHSS (P=0.024), ASPECT (P<0.001) and ASITN (P=0.017) scores were independently associated with the occurrence of SICH after thrombectomy. Ultimately, three independent pretreatment predictors were included in the NIHSS/ASPECT/ASITN (NAA) prediction model, and the receiver operating characteristic analysis results showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.845 (95% CI=0.763–0.928). The calibration plots showed that the actual observations were consistent with the measured and predicted results of the nomogram. Conclusions In this study, a novel model based on NAA for predicting the occurrence of SICH after thrombectomy in patients with anterior LVO was established and validated internally. The results suggest that this model can help improve perioperative evaluations and individualized treatment strategies.


Author(s):  
Jesús García Sánchez ◽  
Margarita Sánchez-Simón
Keyword(s):  

Las fotografías aéreas realizadas por Julio del Olmo en 1999 nos han permitido conocer de primera mano la existencia de un edificio de probable cronología romana junto al lavajo El Monduengo (Puras, Valladolid). Esta zona se localiza inmediatamente al sur de la villa romana de La Calzadilla, también conocida como villa romana de Almenara de Adaja-Puras, que se encuentra al sur de la provincia de Valladolid. Se ubica en una zona muy cercana a Coca (Segovia), la Cauca prerromana y romana cuya influencia seguramente se hizo sentir en el ritmo de colonización del campo de época romana altoimperial. En este trabajo proponemos la revisión de una de esas imágenes aéreas oblicuas tomadas por Julio del Olmo ya que, a pesar de su perspectiva, consta de gran calidad y además es la única que hasta 2020 nos mostraba los restos soterrados de este edificio. Además, hemos explorado las posibilidades para la teledetección que nos brinda la amplia serie de ortofotografías disponibles para la zona, incluyendo series históricas como USAF Serie B y el Vuelo Interministerial. Para la realización de este estudio, hemos empleado los fotogramas infrarrojos junto a la tradicional ortofotografía PNOA tomada en el espectro visible RGB, para calcular una serie de índices de vegetación y suelo que usan principalmente las bandas Roja e Infrarroja. Este trabajo de teledetección se ha realizado únicamente con imágenes públicas y software open-source (QGIS, R Project, SNAP). El estudio de la documentación gráfica nos ha llevado a plantear una prospección geofísica mediante georradar (Noggin 250 MhZ) para obtener una imagen actual y precisa que nos permita conocer la extensión y morfología de dicho edificio. Los datos obtenidos nos permiten comprender la evolución del yacimiento de Almenara de Adaja-Puras a lo largo de la época romana tardía con posterioridad al siglo III d.C. Además, comparamos esta estructura con algunas otras similares conocidas tanto en el propio yacimiento de La Calzadilla, como en otros del valle del Duero.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8488
Author(s):  
Maciej Sołtysik ◽  
Mariusz Kozakiewicz ◽  
Jakub Jasiński

The European Union has set itself ambitious emission-reduction targets—becoming carbon neutral by 2050. The member states’ energy systems are increasingly switching to renewable and decentralized configurations, in line with the EU guidelines. This is accompanied by the support for “prosumers”—entities that both consume and generate renewable energy. In parallel, a number of prosumer support schemes are emerging as a result of the search for optimal development paths. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the power market, causing huge anomalies mainly in demand and billing. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of the proposed changes in the prosumer schemes on the level of benefits prosumers obtained, including the performance of sensitivity analyses reflected in different levels and stability of electricity consumption resulting from extreme situations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerical computer simulations for five predefined prosumer support schemes were carried out in the R-project environment. The basic conclusion is that the prosumer benefits most from participating in the applicable discount mechanism, in which the unused energy is fed into a network storage, from which the prosumer can take 70% or 80% of the stored volume. The research also allows us to conclude that in Poland the COVID-19 pandemic has had a very significant impact on the level and profile of energy demand due to the introduction of restrictions on selected areas and economic sectors. The reduced demand is particularly visible in services (−58%), tourism and sport (−39%), and education (−19%). The analysis is an important contribution to the search for an optimal model of prosumer market development in Europe.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. e480101522987
Author(s):  
Andreza Josiany Aires de Farias ◽  
Allana Renally Cavalcante Santos de Moraes ◽  
Ricardo Alves de Olinda ◽  
Saulo Rios Mariz ◽  
Tânia Maria Ribeiro Monteiro de Figueiredo ◽  
...  

Trata-se de um estudo observacional, analítico e transversal, de caráter quantitativo, realizado a partir de dados secundários provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Objetivou-se analisar o padrão espacial dos casos de tentativas de suicídio por medicamentos no município de Campina Grande/PB, em 2019. Foi realizado estatística descritiva, assim como elaboração de mapas (Moran e Lisa) para a verificação da distribuição espacial dos casos em estudo. Realizou-se, também, mapa coroplético para demonstrar a ocorrência e a intensidade do fenômeno e Diagrama de Espalhamento de Moran, utilizando-se o Índice de Moran Global e o Índice de Moran Local, com auxílio do software estatístico gratuito The R Project for Statistical Computing. Para nortear a análise espacial, utilizou-se a variável “bairro”. A amostra totalizou 237 pacientes residentes na zona urbana de Campina Grande que tentaram suicídio através do uso de medicamentos. O perfil dos pacientes obedeceu o seguinte padrão: sexo feminino (79,7%), faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos (51,5%), escolaridade em nível fundamental (49,4%), solteiro (a) como estado civil (64,5%) e a maioria sendo estudante (42,2%), seguido de desempregado (a) (32,1%). Os bairros que apresentaram o maior número de casos foram: Malvinas (n=23), Bodocongó (n=21) e Serrotão (n=9). Por outro lado, os bairros Mirante, Cuités, Sandra Cavalcante, Louzeiro, Itararé e Velame não apresentaram ocorrências de casos de tentativas de suicídio através do uso de medicamentos. Assim, verificou-se que, no quesito global, não houve autocorrelação espacial significativa na região estudada, com Índice de Moran Global encontrado de 0,1210.


2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. e19678
Author(s):  
Manuela Ortega-Monsalve ◽  
Andrés Mateo Velásquez-Henao ◽  
Alejandro Ortiz-Acevedo ◽  
Luis Fernando Galeano-Vasco ◽  
Marisol Medina-Sierra
Keyword(s):  

El objetivo del estudio fue ajustar las curvas de crecimiento de cuatro Urochloas mediante un modelo matemático que permita la comparación entre ellas. Se tuvieron en cuenta las variables de altura (cm), temperatura (°C), precipitación (mm) y edad del pasto (días). El crecimiento de cada especie se analizó en el software estadístico R-Project. Se ajustaron los datos de crecimiento de las especies con el uso del modelo cuadrático yt = β0 +β1 t -β3 t2, con coeficientes de determinación (>0.9) y un valor de p<0.001. Como resultado, Urochloa brizantha cv Piatá presentó un R² = 0.9859 y fue la especie más influenciada positivamente en su crecimiento por el efecto de la edad (días), seguido por U. decumbens, U. mutica y U. brizantha cv Toledo, esta última con el menor ajuste. La precipitación influyó en la tasa de crecimiento de la U. mutica mientras que la temperatura no tuvo influencia en el crecimiento de las especies. Las curvas se ajustaron a modelos cuadráticos, lo que indica que su crecimiento puede compararse y predecirse a lo largo del tiempo, lo que facilita su manejo y óptimo aprovechamiento.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Morayma Jimena Bustos Yépez ◽  
Lourdes Elizabeth Navas Franco ◽  
Fernando Sebastián Vega Buenaño

Introduction. The family is the axis on which the social structure develops, and that is why exploring how they participate in the school life of children becomes, over the years, something of importance. It is necessary to know how participation develops from some of the variables that can influence it. Objetive. Contrast whether the participation of parents in school activities has something to do with schooling, occupation, gender, marital status, age of parents, region, sector, and type of support of the school in which their children study. Methodology. For this, field research of cross-sectional type, of descriptive scope, was carried out, to check the levels of relationship, among the variables of this study. Chi-square test was used with the statistical software R Project. Results. As main results, it was found that the variables schooling (2.255e-12), occupation (9.578e-13), gender (6.43e-15), marital status (0.04333), sector (0.0006822) and type of school support (0.0001065) are related to the levels of parental participation, while the age of the parents (0.2975), and the region (0.6784) do not have significant levels of relationship. Conclusions. It is concluded in the study that the level of participation of parents in the Ecuadorian educational context is high; the variables that are related in a positive or negative way must be taken into consideration to improve the school processes that need this collaboration.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soham V Govande

Background: Visual refractive errors are projected to rise in the coming decades worldwide, especially in remote and rural regions. To combat this, smartphone visual acuity testing apps may allow for the early detection of refractive errors thanks to their low cost and wide availability. Hence, we developed the OcularCheck app as a free mobile vision screening tool for public health use. Objective: We sought to determine whether OcularCheck accurately measures distance visual acuity (DVA) in comparison to a standard Snellen chart (Space Saving Chart SSC-350). Methods and Results: In January 2021, we measured DVA in n=56 eyes using the OcularCheck app and a standard Snellen chart. To minimize bias, we used two separate examiners who were blinded to each other’s measurements. To assess the similarity of measurement methods, we performed a two-tailed, paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis using the R-Project software. The t-test showed that differences in DVA between testing methods were not significant (P=0.698). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean difference between measurement methods was 0.01 LogMAR (95% CI -0.03 to 0.04), and the standard deviation of differences (0.139 LogMAR) was below the test-retest variability of the Snellen chart. The main limitation of the study was that we were not able to measure DVA with non-English optotypes. Conclusion: OcularCheck provides accurate DVA measurements, and it harbors the potential to expand the accessibility of DVA screening to resource-scarce regions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e7110
Author(s):  
Thais Renata Muniz ◽  
Paulo Sergio da Silva ◽  
Jackeline da Costa Maciel ◽  
Georgia Patrícia da Silva Ferko
Keyword(s):  

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e fatores associados à prescrição de medicamentos em idosos institucionalizados. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, no qual participaram 27 idosos, de ambos os sexos, que residiam na única instituição de longa permanência para idosos no município de Boa Vista, Roraima há mais de trinta dias no período da coleta de dados. Para caracterizar o perfil farmacoterapêutico dos idosos, foram coletados dados por meio da análise de prontuários e prescrições médicas e posteriormente classificados segundo a WHOCC. Por fim os dados foram processados e tabulados através do software Microsoft Office Excel® 2016 e analisados com o auxílio do software estatístico R-project. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que todos os idosos faziam uso de pelo menos um medicamento, com prevalência de idosos polimedicados (88,9%) e fármacos que atuam no sistema nervoso (29,6%), sendo a dipirona o fármaco com maior frequência de prescrição (59,3%). Conclusão: Esses resultados reforçam a importância do estabelecimento de uma equipe interdisciplinar com foco na qualidade da assistência prestada, e, consequentemente, despertar o interesse para novas investigações sobre o objeto de estudo, haja vista o aumento da expectativa de vida da população.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e19210413951
Author(s):  
Juliana de Souza Pereira ◽  
Mauricio Luiz de Mello Vieira Leite ◽  
Anderson Barbosa Cavalcante ◽  
Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de Lucena ◽  
Mirna Clarissa Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
...  

Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento de palma forrageira (Nopalea cochenillifera clone Doce Gigante), em diferentes métodos de fracionamento do cladódio. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos, sendo que cada tratamento foi formado por 15 repetições. No tratamento testemunha o cladódio foi plantado inteiro pelo método convencional, no segundo e terceiro tratamento os cladódios foram divididos ao meio (½) em sentido horizontal e vertical, respectivamente. No quarto tratamento as mudas foram compostas de um quarto (¼) do cladódio e para o quinto tratamento os segmentos foram constituídos com dimensões de 6,0 cm de altura por 4,0 cm de largura. Durante o experimento foram avaliados o número de cladódios por planta, comprimento, largura e espessura dos cladódios, utilizando um paquímetro digital e trena métrica. A análise estatística foi realizada com o Software R-project 2.13.1. Em relação ao comprimento, largura e espessura do cladódio foi observado efeito significativo entre os tratamentos, de modo que os cladódios originados dos tratamentos com meio (½) cladódio com corte vertical foram superiores aos demais tratamentos. Observou-se que as plantas que tiveram origem a partir do cladódio inteiro apresentaram maior peso por planta. A técnica de multiplicação por meio de segmentos obtidos do cladódio apresenta-se como uma alternativa viável para os sistemas de produção animal no Semiárido brasileiro, para o cultivo de palma forrageira clone Doce Gigante. Os cladódios seccionados ao meio no sentido vertical podem ser utilizados no plantio de palma forrageira clone Doce Gigante.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soham V Govande

Background: Visual refractive errors are projected to rise in the coming decades worldwide, especially in remote and rural regions. To combat this, smartphone visual acuity testing apps may allow for the early detection of refractive errors thanks to their low cost and wide availability. Hence, we developed the OcularCheck app as a free mobile vision screening tool for public health use. Objective: We sought to determine whether OcularCheck accurately measures distance visual acuity (DVA) in comparison to a standard Snellen chart (Space Saving Chart SSC-350). Methods and Results: In January 2021, we measured DVA in n=56 eyes using the OcularCheck app and a standard Snellen chart. To minimize bias, we used two separate examiners who were blinded to each other’s measurements. To assess the similarity of measurement methods, we performed a two-tailed, paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis using the R-Project software. The t-test showed that differences in DVA between testing methods were not significant (P=0.698). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean difference between measurement methods was 0.01 LogMAR (95% CI -0.03 to 0.04), and the standard deviation of differences (0.139 LogMAR) was below the test-retest variability of the Snellen chart. The main limitation of the study was that we were not able to measure DVA with non-English optotypes. Conclusion: OcularCheck provides accurate DVA measurements, and it harbors the potential to expand the accessibility of DVA screening to resource-scarce regions.


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