The Land between Two Seas: Art on the Move in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea 1300–1700

Microlipophrys adriaticus (Steindachner & Kolombatovic, 1883) is an endemic blenny of the Mediterranean Sea. It is also known from the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. However, unlike other species of combtooth blennies, M. adriaticus is a fish with a limited distribution in Adriatic Sea, especially in the north, where it can be common. We report here the first record of this species from the waters of the Ionian Sea.

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Two New Families and a New Species of Myxosporeans (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) of the Mediterranean and Black Sea Fishes

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/v10058-011-0036-z ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. e-48-e-52

Author(s):

V. Yurakhno

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Black Sea ◽

The Black Sea ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

First Time ◽

One New Species ◽

A New Species

Two New Families and a New Species of Myxosporeans (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) of the Mediterranean and Black Sea FishesDescriptions of two new families — Polysporoplasmidae fam. n. (Syn. Sphaerosporidae Davis, 1917 in Sitja-Bobadilla, Alvarez-Pellitero, 1995) and Gadimyxidae fam. n. (syn. Parvicapsulidae Schulman, 1953 in Kie et al., 2007), and one new species of myxosporeans —Gadimyxa ovalesp. n. — parasites of fishes of the Mediterranean and the Black Seas are presented. Species of the genus Gadimyxa is found for the first time in the Black Sea.

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Taxonomic status of Flexopecten glaber ponticus (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1889) – the Black Sea Flexopecten glaber (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bivalvia: Pectinidae)

Marine Biological Journal ◽

10.21072/mbj.2018.03.4.03 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 14-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. P. Bondarev

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Black Sea ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Valid Species ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Marmara Sea ◽

History Of ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Republic

The name Flexopecten glaber ponticus (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1889) is generally used for the only Pectinidae representative inhabiting the Black Sea. It is registered in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea as endemic subspecies reducing in amount. F. glaber ponticus is listed in WoRMS MolluscaBase as the only accepted subspecies of Flexopecten glaber (Linnaeus, 1758). In the past its taxonomic status has been changed from a geographic variety to valid species. The purpose of this study is to establish its correct taxonomic status. The study is based on a comparative analysis of conchological features of Flexopecten glaber and F. glaber ponticus in relation with the brief natural history of population in the Black Sea. Sampling was performed by snorkel equipment in Kazach’ya Bay (Black Sea, Crimea, Sevastopol) at 2–6 m depths. A total of 100 scallop specimens were sampled in September 2017. To assure a better understanding in a broader context those results are compared with the previously published morphological data based on the analysis of a large amount of material from the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea – Marmara Sea regions. Comparative analysis of conchological features of F. glaber ponticus from the Black Sea with F. glaber from the Mediterranean region has not revealed any distinct differences between them. Thus, there are no evidenced data for the diagnosis of F. glaber ponticus as a subspecies. Species F. glaber appeared in the Black Sea not earlier than 7,000 years ago and formed a well developed population less than 3,000 years ago. We have to conclude that the specified divergence period is not long enough to form a subspecies. As a result of the present survey the subspecific status of F. glaber ponticus is not retained and the name is placed in synonymy of the parent species Flexopecten glaber.

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RUSSIAN-TURKISH WAR 1877-1878 IN IRANIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE XIX CENTURY AND MODERN IRANIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY

History and modern perspectives ◽

10.33693/2658-4654-2020-2-1-56-61 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 56-61

Author(s):

MOHAMMAD SALMASIZADEH ◽

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Sea ◽

Ottoman Empire ◽

Black Sea ◽

World Trade ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Historical Event ◽

Territorial Expansion ◽

Eastern Question ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Xix Century

The conflict between the Russian and Turkish in 1877-1878, though formed on the pretext of Russia's support for Christian nations under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, was actually part of the great scheme that European governments had begun to break up the Ottoman Empire and resolve the Eastern Question. The goals of these powers for world domination, that would sometimes results in wars among themselves, were mainly focused on expanding the territorial realm and winning economic gains. These goals were followed under the disguise of gaining freedom for Christians and securing independence for non-Turkish nations. The scientific and technological impairment of the Ottoman Empire compared to the European countries, accompanied by internal rivalries and frequent overthrow of the rulers, were some of the main weaknesses of the Ottoman state causing their demise. In the meantime, Russia was in pursue of its policy of territorial expansion and seeking access to warm waters. Russia's main objective was to obtain access to the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Having control over the Straits of Bosporus and Dardanelles that were under the rule of the Ottoman Empire would have connected Russia to the center of world trade in the Mediterranean and would have freed Russia from its land blockages and frozen ports. The causality, the start, and the ramifications of these wars have been reflected in the Iranian historiography of that era. Mohammad Hassan Khan Etemad al-Saltanah, a great historian of the Nasereddin Shah Qajar Age (1848-1898), using the reports of Iranian officials in Russia and the Ottoman Empire, and two books of Montazame Nasseri and Merat al-Boldan that were translations of selected articles from the French and Ottoman newspapers have recorded this important historical event. The reasons for Iranian attention to this historical event forms part of the modern and global historiography of Iran, in which attention to the developments in the Ottoman Empire plays an important role in Iran's acquaintance with modern civilization.

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The construction of Xerxes' bridge over the Hellespont

The Journal of Hellenic Studies ◽

10.2307/631957 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 116 ◽

pp. 88-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N.G.L. Hammond ◽

L.J. Roseman

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Engineer ◽

Black Sea ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Classical Scholar ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Relationship

The bridging of the Hellespont by Xerxes was a unique achievement. How was it done? The Chorus of Elders in Aeschylus' Persians expressed their wonder at ‘the flax-bound raft’, and Herodotus described the construction of the two bridges, each with warships as pontoons, with cables well over a kilometre long, and with a roadway capable of carrying a huge army. Classical scholars have generally found these accounts inadequate and even inexplicable, especially in regard to the relationship between the pontoons and the cables. The Hellespont has strong currents which vary in their direction, turbulent and often stormy waters, and exposure to violent winds, blowing sometimes from the Black Sea and sometimes from the Mediterranean. How were the warships moored in order to face the currents and withstand the gales? Did the warships form a continuous platform, or was each ship free to move in response to weather conditions? What was the function of the enormous cables? How and where were they made? Did they bind the pontoons together? Did they carry the roadway? How were they fixed at the landward ends? This article attempts an answer to these questions through the collaboration of a classical scholar and a mechanical engineer.

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Verruca stroemia and Verruca spengleri (Crustacea: Cirripedia): distribution in the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315403006842h ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 89-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paulo S. Young ◽

Helmut Zibrowius ◽

Ghazi Bitar

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Sea ◽

Black Sea ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Deep Water ◽

Southern Spain ◽

The Black Sea ◽

The North ◽

North Eastern ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Gorringe Bank

The geographic distribution of Verruca stroemia and V. spengleri are reviewed. Verruca stroemia ranges from the White, Barents, Norwegian, and North Seas south to Portugal to the Algarve and to Gorringe Bank. All of the records of this species from the Mediterranean Sea are considered to be V. spengleri. Verruca spengleri occurs in the Azores and Madeira archipelagos, in southern Spain (Cádiz), throughout the Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltar to Lebanon, and in the Black Sea. But a distinct deep-water Verruca species seems to occur in the deep Mediterranean.

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