The Adaptation Fund of the Kyoto Protocol: A model for financing adaptation to climate change?

Climate Law ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Horstmann ◽  
Achala Chandani Abeysinghe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
National Level ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
The Status ◽  
International Climate

The Adaptation Fund of the Kyoto Protocol is seen by many as a model for financing adaptation activities, which should also play a strong role in the institutional design of the Green Climate Fund under the UNFCCC. The article analyses whether the status of operationalization of the Adaptation Fund meets international institutional criteria and requirements for an effective and efficient fund arrangement. These are derived from the UNFCCC and the Paris Agenda on Aid Effectiveness. The analysis shows that the Adaptation Fund meets most of the funding requirements. Due to its institutional features, particularly the direct-access modality, the Adaptation Fund has the potential to practically link international climate change with development finance for adaptation to climate change. However, the analysis also shows that there are a number of challenges remaining, including criteria which the fund does not meet yet and the practical implementation of fund operations, particularly at the national level.

scholarly journals Better predictions, better allocations: scientific advances and adaptation to climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2055) ◽  
pp. 20150122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Freeman ◽  
Ben Groom ◽  
Richard J. Zeckhauser
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Consumption Smoothing ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climate Agreements ◽  
International Climate Agreements ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Informative Signals

Climate science initially aspired to improve understanding of what the future would bring, and thereby produce appropriate public policies and effective international climate agreements. If that hope is dashed, as now seems probable, effective policies for adapting to climate change become critical. Climate science assumes new responsibilities by helping to foster more appropriate adaptation measures, which might include shifting modes or locales of production. This theoretical article focuses on two broader tools: consumption smoothing in response to the risk of future losses, and physical adaptation measures to reduce potential damages. It shows that informative signals on the effects of climate change facilitate better decisions on the use of each tool, thereby increasing social welfare.

The Oxford Handbook of International Climate Change Law

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
National Level ◽  
First Century ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
International Climate Change

Climate change presents one of the greatest challenges of our time, and has become one of the defining issues of the twenty-first century. The radical changes which both developed and developing countries will need to make, in economic and in legal terms, to respond to climate change are unprecedented. International law, including treaty regimes, institutions, and customary international law, needs to address the myriad challenges and consequences of climate change, including variations in the weather patterns, sea level rise, and the resulting migration of peoples. This book provides an authoritative overview of all aspects of international climate change law as it currently stands, with guidance for how it should develop in the future. This book sets out to analyse the legal issues that surround this vitally important but still emerging area of international law. This book addresses the major legal dimensions of the problems caused by climate change: not only in the content and nature of the international legal frameworks, which need implementation at the national level, but also the development of carbon trading systems as a means of reducing the costs of meeting emission reduction targets. After an introduction to the field, the book assesses the relevant institutions, the key applicable principles of international law, the international mitigation regime and its consequences, and climate change litigation, before providing perspectives focused upon specific countries or regions.

scholarly journals Two Birds with One Stone: The political and environmental motives of Quebec’s climate change policy

Federalism-E ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Rebecca Teare
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
The Political ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Political Dispute

In 2000 Quebec was about to host its provincial counterparts for that year’s Joint Meeting of Ministers of the Environment and Energy in an effort to work in unison for the benefit of all Canadians and the environment. Quebec’s Ministers were clear about their position on climate change policy. In their province, Quebec’s policy will prevail. Federalism lies at the heart of the political dispute between Quebec and the federal government over the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. Quebec has pressured the federal government to maintain its commitments to the international community, and has been critical of its approach to meeting them. It has seriously considered the commitments Canada has made, and in the process, diverged from federal climate change policy by taking a more global perspective. This has enabled the province to generate greater provincial powers within Canada, in line with the Quebec Liberal Party’s concept of federalism. This essay will investigate climate change policy in Quebec after the Quiet Revolution, focusing on the differences between this province and the federal government’s approach to international climate change agreements—specifically the Kyoto Protocol. Quebec has developed firmer climate change policy than the federal government. While this is possible because of Quebec’s energy industry and the fact that it does not have to compromise with other jurisdictions in the federation, it has provided an additional outlet for the Quebecois sense of distinctiveness in Canada. This essay will argue that Quebec pursues a more ambitious climate change policy than the federal government in order to increase its provincial powers within the Canadian federation.[...]

scholarly journals Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1794) ◽  
pp. 20190104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadvinder Malhi ◽  
Janet Franklin ◽  
Nathalie Seddon ◽  
Martin Solan ◽  
Monica G. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
First Century ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Twenty First Century

The rapid anthropogenic climate change that is being experienced in the early twenty-first century is intimately entwined with the health and functioning of the biosphere. Climate change is impacting ecosystems through changes in mean conditions and in climate variability, coupled with other associated changes such as increased ocean acidification and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. It also interacts with other pressures on ecosystems, including degradation, defaunation and fragmentation. There is a need to understand the ecological dynamics of these climate impacts, to identify hotspots of vulnerability and resilience and to identify management interventions that may assist biosphere resilience to climate change. At the same time, ecosystems can also assist in the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change. The mechanisms, potential and limits of such nature-based solutions to climate change need to be explored and quantified. This paper introduces a thematic issue dedicated to the interaction between climate change and the biosphere. It explores novel perspectives on how ecosystems respond to climate change, how ecosystem resilience can be enhanced and how ecosystems can assist in addressing the challenge of a changing climate. It draws on a Royal Society-National Academy of Sciences Forum held in Washington DC in November 2018, where these themes and issues were discussed. We conclude by identifying some priorities for academic research and practical implementation, in order to maximize the potential for maintaining a diverse, resilient and well-functioning biosphere under the challenging conditions of the twenty-first century. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions’.

Institutional design propositions for the governance of adaptation to climate change in the water sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Huntjens ◽  
Louis Lebel ◽  
Claudia Pahl-Wostl ◽  
Jeff Camkin ◽  
Roland Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change

Climate Change Policies in the Post-Socialist World

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (765) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Henry ◽  
Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Climate Change Policies ◽  
International Climate

Achieving relatively easy terms under the Kyoto Protocol did not necessarily inspire post-socialist states to engage enthusiastically in international climate talks….

scholarly journals Community Perception and Adaptation to Climate Change in Coastal Areas of Mexico

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2483
Author(s):  
Mireille Escudero ◽  
Edgar Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
The Face

Climate change adaptation is an increasingly important topic addressed in the face of the current and expected future impacts by climate change that the social, economic and ecological systems are experiencing worldwide. Despite the advances reported in the literature, adaptation to climate change is still considered a challenge to move from planning to the practical implementation of successful interventions. In this regard, identifying international key barriers, exchanges of experiences and lessons learned may facilitate the progress of the coasts’ sustainable and resilient future. The coast of Mexico is an excellent study area. High population densities occur along the coastal zone, whose main economic activity is related to primary and tertiary sectors. Additionally, a great diversity of coastal ecosystems exists, which are threatened by anthropogenic and hydrometeorological impacts. Under these circumstances, the population is becoming aware of the urgent need to adapt to the consequences of climate change. In this sense, this paper reviews research contributions concerning population perception to climate change and adaptation strategies in Mexico’s coastal zone. The findings highlight critical institutional difficulties and social barriers that have impeded the effective implementation of adaptation strategies to climate change in Mexico and consider steps to address them. However, adaptation strategies that show the prevention culture of some coastal communities have been found and also results of successful projects carried out, especially on mangrove forest and coral reef restoration, which are of essential importance to consider to progress on the path of a successful adaptation to climate change in Mexico.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate Finance on Risk Appraisal: A Study in the Southwestern Coast of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Firdaus Ara Hussain ◽  
Mokbul Morshed Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
National Level ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Climate Finance ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Risk Appraisal ◽  
The Impact

Utilising climate funds properly to reduce the impact of potential risks of climate change at the local level is essential for successful adaptation to climate change. Climate change has been disrupting the lives of millions of households along the coastal region of Bangladesh. The country has allocated support from its national funds and accessed international funds for the implementation of adaptation interventions. With the focus of the scientific community on climate finance mechanisms and governance at the global and the national level, there is a lacuna in empirical evidence of how climate finance affects risk appraisal and engagement in adaptation measures at the local level. This paper aims to examine how the support from climate finance affects risk appraisal in terms of the perceived probability and severity and the factors which influence risk appraisal. A field survey was conducted on 240 climate finance recipient households (CF HHs) and 120 nonclimate finance recipient households (non-CF HHs) in Galachipa Upazila of Patuakhali District in coastal Bangladesh. The results indicate that both CF and non-CF HHs experience a high probability of facing climatic events in the future; however, CF HHs anticipated a higher severity of impacts of climatic events on different dimensions of their households. With higher income and social capital, the overall risk appraisal decreases for CF HHs. CF HHs have higher engagement in adaptation measures and social groups and maintain alternative sources of income. Climate finance played a critical role in supporting households in understanding the risks that they were facing, assisting them in exploring as well as enhancing their engagement in adaptation options.

scholarly journals Global climate change policies: from Bali to Copenhagen and beyond

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Boston
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Policies ◽  
International Climate ◽  
National Framework ◽  
International Climate Change

In early December 2007, the island of Bali in Indonesia hosted the 13th Conference of the Parties (COP13) to the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 3rd Conference of the Parties serving as a Meeting of the Parties (COP/MOP3) to the Kyoto Protocol. Attended by almost 11,000 participants and observers from across the globe, Bali marked the climax of a period of unparalleled international climate change summitry (Chasek, 2007). The decisions taken at COP13 have been variously hailed as a ‘major breakthrough’ (Egenhofer, 2007) and as an utter failure – ‘the mother of all no-deals’, to quote Sunita Narain (2008) and ‘even worse than the Kyoto Protocol’ according to George Monbiot (2007)

scholarly journals Does the Kyoto Protocol as an International Environmental Policy Promote Forest Carbon Sinks?

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Control Method ◽  
National Level ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Policy Effect ◽  
Commitment Period

Under the background of carbon neutrality, the carbon sequestration of forest ecosystems is an important way to mitigate climate change. Forest could not only protect the environment but also an important industry for economic development. As an international climate policy that first recognized the role of forest carbon sinks on climate change, the question becomes, has the Kyoto Protocol promoted the development of forest carbon sinks in contracting parties? To explore this, data of forest can be obtained at the national level. Hence, data of economic, social, polity and climate in 147 countries is also collected. The generalized synthetic control method is adopted. The results show that the policy effect of the Kyoto Protocol was obvious and significant. Moreover, the effect was more significant after the enforcement in 2005. Especially after the first commitment period, the policy effect of the second period is more obvious. Some policy implications are drawn.

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