The Theory and practice of sexual magic, exemplified by four magical groups in the early twentieth century

2008 ◽  
pp. 445-478 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Charlotte Jones
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Literary Realism ◽  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The Introduction sets synthetic realism in the context of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century culture and aesthetics to show why literary realism needs to be grasped in metaphysical terms. Ranging across contemporary periodical culture and works of literature, philosophy, and science, it examines the ways in which realist theory and practice grapples with the recalcitrance of ‘reality’ as a shifting referential cipher. The Introduction also considers previous critical approaches and suggests that the effects of these encounters between realist aesthetics and philosophical discourse were more various, ambiguous, and complex than we might have thought. It concludes with brief overviews of the book’s five main chapters and elucidates the overarching arguments that are developed within them.

Introduction

On Hospitals ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 3-30
Author(s):  
Sethina Watson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
General Lack ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
Legal Model ◽  
Medieval Christianity

This chapter redefines the problem of hospitals in the medieval church. It surveys the spread of welfare foundations to the West and, especially, the intensive foundation of welfare houses, in many forms, during the ‘charitable revolution’ of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. This messy picture of hospitals on the ground, ‘between church and world’, has never conformed to the legal model that historians have long held for hospitals, as ecclesiastical houses under the bishop (a model that rests fundamentally on the sixth-century laws of Justinian, the East Roman/Byzantine Emperor). This gap between the ‘theory’ and ‘practice’ of hospitals, so familiar in scholarship, has long been attributed to lax enforcement—and a general lack of concern—by bishops, popes, and canonists. This chapter redefines the problem as the model itself, which was established by early twentieth-century historians. It unpicks this model, identifying the national agendas that produced it and the frameworks that have continued to shape the field. It argues for canon law as a European question and for the place of welfare at the heart of medieval Christianity. The overall approach and structure of the book is then introduced.

‘Propaganda by the Deed’ in Theory and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Phil Chilton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Propaganda By The Deed

Abstract Many analysts of the ‘terrorism’ phenomena locate the desire to cause terror as a key definitional concept: terrorists seek to cause terror. Such a conception risks obscuring the motivations for the act of terrorism, it is committed purely to terrorise. The idea that this type of political violence is an act of ‘propaganda by the deed’, however, is one commonly applied by the perpetrators themselves. The anarchist ‘terrorists’ of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and contemporary ‘jihadists’ both understood their acts, at least in part, as propaganda by the deed. Beyond just the creation of terror propaganda by the deed can be used as an alternative conceptual vantage point to examine and understand the motivations that lie behind acts of terrorism and the material conditions that give rise to these acts.

Gesture, Interruption, Vibration: Rethinking Early Twentieth-Century Gestural Theory and Practice in Walter Benjamin, Rudolf von Laban, and Mary Wigman

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Ruprecht
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Actual Mode ◽  
Rudolf Von Laban ◽  
Mary Wigman

This article compares Rudolf von Laban's and Mary Wigman's practices and theories of gestural flow with Walter Benjamin's theory of gesture as interruption. For Laban and Wigman, gesture mirrors a vitalist understanding of life that is based on the rediscovery of transhistorical continuities between human and cosmic energy. Benjamin's Brechtian gestures address inscriptions and manipulations of bodies, which provide comment on the conditions of society by subjecting to critique the essentializing aspects of historical and vitalist flow. Addressing in particular forms of vibration as both enriching and destabilizing the gestural from its margins, my article explores how vibratory energy indicates a self-reflexive theory of media, but also a revolutionary charge, in Benjamin; how it engenders a politically ambivalent process of transmission between dancers and audience in Laban; and how it becomes an actual mode of movement in Wigman. The historical inquiry contributes to a genealogy of vibration in contemporary dance.

scholarly journals Our Environment in Miniature: Dust and the Early Twentieth-Century Forensic Imagination

2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Burney
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

This article explores the articulation of the crime scene as a distinct space of theory and practice in the early twentieth century. In particular it focuses on the evidentiary hopes invested in what would at first seem an unpromising forensic object: dust. Ubiquitous and, to the uninitiated, characterless, dust nevertheless featured as an exemplary object of cutting-edge forensic analysis in two contemporary domains: writings of criminologists and works of detective fiction. The article considers how in these texts dust came to mark the furthest reach of a new forensic capacity they were promoting, one that drew freely upon the imagination to invest crime scene traces with meaning.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT PECULIARITIES OF DOMESTIC THEORY AND PRACTICE OF USING THEATER ART IN EDUCATIONAL WORK WITH CHILDREN IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XX CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Marharita Dergach
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Right

The article presents the results of the analysis of historical materials on the use of theatrical art as a means of education, training and socialization of children by teachers and theatrical practitioners of Ukraine in the early twentieth century. The in-depth analysis of archival sources, manuscripts, and old printed works allowed to distinguish teachers whose achievements allow us to understand the peculiarities of the formation of the theoretical foundations and practice of introducing theatrical art into the educational system of Ukraine. During this historical period, the following issues were raised: the age limits of children's involvement in theatrical creativity, the specifics of the audience; mechanisms of children's dramatic creativity and development of appropriate approaches to the organization of theatrical work with children; requirements for repertoire selection; stages of acquainting children with theatrical art, methods of organizing and conducting rehearsal work, etc. Scholars and educators of the time noted that children and adolescents who played only for their peers and parents could be involved in theatrical work; acquaintance with theatrical art should begin with simple theatrical forms, dramatized games, acting out charades, proverbs, "living pictures" and gradually move on to staging dramatic works; the basis of children's theatrical play are emotional experiences, and therefore the task of the leader is to emotionally captivate the child, put him/her in the right emotional state. Based on the analysis of culturological aspects of the functioning of theatrical art in society, theoretical approaches to understanding the pedagogical possibilities of theater and the practice of using theatrical art in school, it was determined that pedagogical materials of the early twentieth century emphasized the importance of theater for the development of human aesthetics, moral and ethical qualities of the personality, activation of his/her creative forces, psychological and psychophysical characteristics of a child: imagination, memory; self-awareness, emotions, feelings, empathy, communication skills and abilities. Possibilities of theatrical art in fostering children’s mastering a native language, in the training of attentive and competent spectators were defined.

The Newness of the ‘New Biography’: Biographical Theory and Practice in the Early Twentieth Century

Mapping Lives ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The Relationship

The dominance of modernist and avant-garde literature in the early decades of the twentieth century directed attention away from certain texts and genres. Biography was one of the genres that underwent transformation. In the 1920s and 1930s, it took new forms, which gave rise to an unprecedented popularity of life-writing. This rise in the popularity of biographies was linked to the perception that they had been reinvented, requiring a new level of critical self-awareness. This chapter discusses biographical theory and practice in the early twentieth century. This biographical dimension crossed national boundaries wherein common biographical tenets were developed. In this period, the concept of ‘new biography’ proliferated. This new concept of biographies was grounded on the relationship between the literary and the scientific, and the importance of the study of the character. In the chapter, the tenets and characteristics of the ‘new biography’ and the ‘new biographers’ are considered. It examines the new equality between the biographer and the subject; the brevity, selection, and attention to the form and unity associated with fiction; the development of central motifs in a life and of a key to personality; and the focus on the character rather than the events.

scholarly journals How to Teach English to Immigrant Children: Canadian Pedagogical Theory and Practice, 1910-1960

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Gidney ◽  
W.P.J. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Social History ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
Dominant Society ◽  
Pedagogical Theory

Abstract The idea of Anglo-conformity and the attack on immigrant cultures in the early twentieth century is a well-documented theme in Canadian social history. It involved both language-learning and acculturation.  But there has been a curious lack of attention to just how children were to be taught the language and implicitly the culture of the dominant society. This article addresses both the pedagogical theories that were developed to ensure that immigrant children learned English, and the implications for the implementation of language-learning programs. Résumé Dans l’histoire sociale canadienne, l’anglo-conformisme et les offensives lancées contre la culture des immigrés au début du vingtième siècle est un thème bien documenté qui implique à la fois l’apprentissage de la langue et l’acculturation. Curieusement, peu d’études se sont intéressées à la manière dont les enfants s’initiaient à l’anglais et par voie de conséquence assimilaient la culture de la société d’accueil. Cet article s’intéresse à la fois aux théories pédagogiques développées pour s’assurer que les enfants d’immigrants apprenaient l’anglais ainsi qu’aux conséquence de la mise en place des programmes de langue.  

Some Polish Composers of To-Day

Tempo ◽  
1948 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Andrzej Panufnik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Progressive Group ◽  
Karol Szymanowski

It is ten years since KAROL SZYMANOWSKI died at fifty-four. He was the most prominent representative of the “radical progressive” group of early twentieth century composers, which we call “Young Poland.” In their manysided and pioneering efforts they prepared the fertile soil on which Poland's present day's music thrives.

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