scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT PECULIARITIES OF DOMESTIC THEORY AND PRACTICE OF USING THEATER ART IN EDUCATIONAL WORK WITH CHILDREN IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XX CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Marharita Dergach
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Right

The article presents the results of the analysis of historical materials on the use of theatrical art as a means of education, training and socialization of children by teachers and theatrical practitioners of Ukraine in the early twentieth century. The in-depth analysis of archival sources, manuscripts, and old printed works allowed to distinguish teachers whose achievements allow us to understand the peculiarities of the formation of the theoretical foundations and practice of introducing theatrical art into the educational system of Ukraine. During this historical period, the following issues were raised: the age limits of children's involvement in theatrical creativity, the specifics of the audience; mechanisms of children's dramatic creativity and development of appropriate approaches to the organization of theatrical work with children; requirements for repertoire selection; stages of acquainting children with theatrical art, methods of organizing and conducting rehearsal work, etc. Scholars and educators of the time noted that children and adolescents who played only for their peers and parents could be involved in theatrical work; acquaintance with theatrical art should begin with simple theatrical forms, dramatized games, acting out charades, proverbs, "living pictures" and gradually move on to staging dramatic works; the basis of children's theatrical play are emotional experiences, and therefore the task of the leader is to emotionally captivate the child, put him/her in the right emotional state. Based on the analysis of culturological aspects of the functioning of theatrical art in society, theoretical approaches to understanding the pedagogical possibilities of theater and the practice of using theatrical art in school, it was determined that pedagogical materials of the early twentieth century emphasized the importance of theater for the development of human aesthetics, moral and ethical qualities of the personality, activation of his/her creative forces, psychological and psychophysical characteristics of a child: imagination, memory; self-awareness, emotions, feelings, empathy, communication skills and abilities. Possibilities of theatrical art in fostering children’s mastering a native language, in the training of attentive and competent spectators were defined.

The Newness of the ‘New Biography’: Biographical Theory and Practice in the Early Twentieth Century

Mapping Lives ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The Relationship

The dominance of modernist and avant-garde literature in the early decades of the twentieth century directed attention away from certain texts and genres. Biography was one of the genres that underwent transformation. In the 1920s and 1930s, it took new forms, which gave rise to an unprecedented popularity of life-writing. This rise in the popularity of biographies was linked to the perception that they had been reinvented, requiring a new level of critical self-awareness. This chapter discusses biographical theory and practice in the early twentieth century. This biographical dimension crossed national boundaries wherein common biographical tenets were developed. In this period, the concept of ‘new biography’ proliferated. This new concept of biographies was grounded on the relationship between the literary and the scientific, and the importance of the study of the character. In the chapter, the tenets and characteristics of the ‘new biography’ and the ‘new biographers’ are considered. It examines the new equality between the biographer and the subject; the brevity, selection, and attention to the form and unity associated with fiction; the development of central motifs in a life and of a key to personality; and the focus on the character rather than the events.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Charlotte Jones
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Literary Realism ◽  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The Introduction sets synthetic realism in the context of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century culture and aesthetics to show why literary realism needs to be grasped in metaphysical terms. Ranging across contemporary periodical culture and works of literature, philosophy, and science, it examines the ways in which realist theory and practice grapples with the recalcitrance of ‘reality’ as a shifting referential cipher. The Introduction also considers previous critical approaches and suggests that the effects of these encounters between realist aesthetics and philosophical discourse were more various, ambiguous, and complex than we might have thought. It concludes with brief overviews of the book’s five main chapters and elucidates the overarching arguments that are developed within them.

Alien or Refugee? The Politics of Russian Émigré Claims to British Asylum at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Ann Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Transnational Advocacy ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Right

This article explores the ways in which the debates about the Aliens Bill and the controversy surrounding British immigration policies confirmed Russian émigrés’ identification as refugees and legitimised their anti-tsarist activities in the early twentieth century. It assesses how Russian émigrés made use of the British political crisis about immigration not only to protect their personal right to asylum, but also to advance their larger political and ideological perspectives about the illegitimacy of the Romanov regime. This article argues that the early twentieth-century transnational advocacy championing the right of asylum for Russian refugees in Britain explicitly established the moral and legal criteria used to define refugees outside of the context of war and justified the humanitarian necessity of political and religious asylum as an answer to governmental persecution.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF THE «BLACK HUNDREDS» IN THE SOVIET HISTORICAL SCIENCE: RUNNING IN CIRCLES

2016 ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
G. A. Ivakin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Right

During the Soviet period, the right monarchism was considered by historians of our country as part of general methodological approaches to the study of non-proletarian parties. As ideological and political antagonist of Bolshevism, the Black Hundreds were interpreted as the most reactionary political movement of pre-revolutionary Russia. As a result, the full scientific debate on the right monarchism in the Soviet period did not take place, and Soviet historians failed to form a historical concept of the Black Hundreds as an ideological and political trend in the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals A Revived Sāṃkhyayoga Tradition in Modern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Marzenna Jakubczak
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Right

This paper discusses the phenomenon of Kāpil Maṭh (Madhupur, India), a Sāṃkhyayoga āśrama founded in the early twentieth century by the charismatic Bengali scholar-monk Swāmi Hariharānanda Ᾱraṇya (1869–1947). While referring to Hariharānanda’s writings I will consider the idea of the re-establishment of an extinct spiritual lineage. I shall specify the criteria for identity of this revived Sāṃkhyayoga tradition by explaining why and on what assumptions the modern reinterpretation of this school can be perceived as continuation of the thought of Patañjali and Īśvarakṛṣṇa. The starting point is, however, the question whether it is possible at all to re-establish a philosophical tradition which had once broken down and disappeared for centuries. In this context, one ought to ponder if it is likely to revitalise the same line of thinking, viewing, philosophy-making and practice in accordance with the theoretical exposition of the right insight achieved by an accomplished teacher, a master, the founder of a “new”revived tradition declared to maintain a particular school identity. Moreover, I refer to a monograph of Knut A. Jacobsen (2018) devoted to the tradition of Kāpil Maṭh interpreted as a typical product of the nineteenth-century Bengali renaissance.

scholarly journals Theoretical Approaches to the Essence of the Concept of ‘Methodology’ in Modern Jurisprudence

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Nadiia MELNYK
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
New Information ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
The Right

The article investigates theoretical approaches to the essence of the concept of ‘methodology’ in modern jurisprudence based on the analysis of the views of domestic and foreign scientific researchers. It is proposed under the methodology to understand the set of methods, means, principles and procedures of scientific research, used in the process of scientific knowledge of a particular problem, with the help of which the researcher substantiates the phenomenon under investigation. It is determined that the development of modern legal science requires a well-formed research methodology, since the term ‘methodology’ is often changed with the term ‘methods/ technique’. It is established that there are different and not always unambiguous interpretations of the concept of methodology in the modern world and they are provoked by the rapid globalization development of society, the introduction of new information resources, digitalization, etc. The basic categories on which the methodology is based, which is endowed with a certain apparatus of research, which include: methods and ways of organizing scientific research; principles and forms of organization of scientific research; techniques and procedures of scientific research. It is substantiated that all the components of scientific research constitute the foundation of methodological apparatus and collectively make up a certain tool for the knowledge of the phenomena and processes under study. The significance and difference of the concepts of ‘scientific method’ and ‘method of science’ have been considered and the main requirements for these concepts have been characterized. It is determined that the right choice of research methods will lead the scientist to deep and verified results, provided that these methods will be used together with another elements of scientific research in order to solve certain problems. It was revealed that there are a considerable number of methods, the unity and interrelation of which form the specificity and integrity of the cognitive activity in science, the determining of which are general scientific, theoretical, experimental and specific. The key principles on which the methodology of scientific research should be formed are specified, i.e. the principle of consistency, the principle of development, the principle of unity of theory and practice, the principle of objectivity, the principle of abstraction, the principle of decomposition. The main functions the methodology is based on are characterized. It is defined that modern scientific research is impossible without a clearly formed methodology, which should have a systemic nature in scientific research and be carried out in certain logical sequences.

scholarly journals Russian Liberal of the Beginning of the 20th Century in Politics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
F. A. Gayada
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Time

The article examines the political views and practices of Russian liberals in the early twentieth century. Russia’s political destiny of this period directly depended on building constructive relations between the authorities and society. Liberal ideas had a significant impact on the educated public. At the same time, the constructive cooperation between the liberals and the government was the most important condition for the possibility of application of these ideas in domestic political practice. The article examines the political experience of the two largest liberal political parties in Russia – the Cadets and the Octobrists. The author comes to the conclusion that the Russian liberal politician of the early twentieth century could not get out of the role of an idealist oppositionist. He was incapable of recognizing the existing realities and the need for political compromises, which were often perceived as a sign of impotence or immorality. The liberals perceived themselves as the only force capable of bringing Russia to the right, «civilized» path. In the opinion of the liberals, this path was inevitable, therefore, under any circumstances, the liberal movement should have retained its leading role. In the spring of 1917, the liberal opposition was able to defeat its historical enemy (autocracy), but retained power for a very short time. The slaughter of the state machine, which the liberals themselves did not intend to preserve, led them to defeat. Thus, the state was the only guarantor of the existence of a liberal movement in Russia. 

scholarly journals Twelve Bottles of Whiskey

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Jack Watson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
History Of

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the history of certiorari and judicial review as it pertains to the rule of law. The article opens with a brief examination of the conviction of Nat Bell Liquors Ltd. during prohibition-era Edmonton in 1920, and explains how twelve bottles of whiskey brought about a sea change in the foundational law of Canada. The article details the development of judicial review,beginning in thirteenth century United Kingdom, noting its progression and change over the course of centuries. The article provides an account of certiorarias a replacement avenue where appeal is not available, and highlights notable Canadian jurisprudence from the early twentieth century to the present day.

Introduction

On Hospitals ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 3-30
Author(s):  
Sethina Watson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
General Lack ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
Legal Model ◽  
Medieval Christianity

This chapter redefines the problem of hospitals in the medieval church. It surveys the spread of welfare foundations to the West and, especially, the intensive foundation of welfare houses, in many forms, during the ‘charitable revolution’ of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. This messy picture of hospitals on the ground, ‘between church and world’, has never conformed to the legal model that historians have long held for hospitals, as ecclesiastical houses under the bishop (a model that rests fundamentally on the sixth-century laws of Justinian, the East Roman/Byzantine Emperor). This gap between the ‘theory’ and ‘practice’ of hospitals, so familiar in scholarship, has long been attributed to lax enforcement—and a general lack of concern—by bishops, popes, and canonists. This chapter redefines the problem as the model itself, which was established by early twentieth-century historians. It unpicks this model, identifying the national agendas that produced it and the frameworks that have continued to shape the field. It argues for canon law as a European question and for the place of welfare at the heart of medieval Christianity. The overall approach and structure of the book is then introduced.

INSANITY AND PARRICIDE IN LATE IMPERIAL CHINA (EIGHTEENTH–TWENTIETH CENTURIES)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Gabbiani
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Depth Analysis

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the reasons for which insane individuals who had committed patricide were systematically sentenced to dismemberment (lingchi 凌遲) under the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the most severe form of capital punishment that could be called for in the state's administrative and penal Code. This extreme harshness ran contrary to several “theoretical” foundations of Chinese traditional law, first and foremost the principle of criminal intent. Through the study of such criminal cases, and others legally affiliated to patricide, spanning the seventeenth to the early twentieth century, it underlines the importance of the relationship between a parent and his child, which was prominent in China's moral and cultural context at the time. It also stresses the role of political issues related to the legitimacy of the imperial state and to the upholding of the legality of its judicial process. Even though legal tools existed in the Qing Code, which would have allowed for a more lenient approach, and notwithstanding the Qing authorities' ongoing effort at defining specific legal procedures for insane homicides, lingchi was systematically applied to insane patricides until the early twentieth century, when the far-reaching legal reforms implemented during the last years of the imperial regime progressively opened the way for the recognition of the legal irresponsibility of insane individuals.

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