High-Resolution Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Airway Distensibility and the Effects of Lung Inflation on Airway Caliber in Healthy Subjects and Individuals with Asthma

2001 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 994-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT H. BROWN ◽  
NICOLA SCICHILONE ◽  
BEATRICE MUDGE ◽  
FIONA B. DIEMER ◽  
SOLBERT PERMUTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Airway Caliber

scholarly journals Potent bronchoprotective effect of deep inspiration and its absence in asthma

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisevgeni Kapsali ◽  
Solbert Permutt ◽  
Beth Laube ◽  
Nicola Scichilone ◽  
Alkis Togias
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Deep Inspiration ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Airway Caliber ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
Rule Out

In the absence of deep inspirations, healthy individuals develop bronchoconstriction with methacholine inhalation. One hypothesis is that deep inspiration results in bronchodilation. In this study, we tested an alternative hypothesis, that deep inspiration acts as a bronchoprotector. Single-dose methacholine bronchoprovocations were performed after 20 min of deep breath inhibition, in nine healthy subjects and in eight asthmatics, to establish the dose that reduces forced expiratory volume in 1 s by >15%. The provocation was repeated with two and five deep inspirations preceding methacholine. Additional studies were carried out to assess optimization and reproducibility of the protocol and to rule out the possibility that bronchoprotection may result from changes in airway geometry or from differential spasmogen deposition. In healthy subjects, five deep inspirations conferred 85% bronchoprotection. The bronchoprotective effect was reproducible and was not attributable to increased airway caliber or to differential deposition of methacholine. Deep inspirations did not protect the bronchi of asthmatics. We demonstrated that bronchoprotection is a potent physiologic function of lung inflation and established its absence, even in mild asthma. This observation deepens our understanding of airway dysfunction in asthma.

Airway response to deep inspiration: role of inflation pressure

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 2574-2578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Brown ◽  
Wayne Mitzner
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Total Lung Capacity ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Airway Caliber ◽  
Airway Response

Deep inspirations (DIs) have been shown to have both bronchoprotective and bronchodilator effects in healthy subjects; however, the bronchodilator effects of a DI appear to be impaired in asthmatic compared with healthy subjects. Because the ability to generate high transpulmonary pressures at total lung capacity depends on both the lung properties and voluntary effort, we wondered how the response of airways to DI might be altered if the maneuver were done with less than maximal inflation. The present work was undertaken to examine the effects of varying the magnitude of lung inflation during the DI maneuver on subsequent airway caliber. In five anesthetized and ventilated dogs during methacholine infusion, changes in airway size after DIs of increasing magnitude were measured over the subsequent 5-min period using high-resolution computed tomography. Results show that the magnitude of lung inflation is extremely important, leading to a qualitative change in the airway response. A large DI (45 cmH2O airway pressure) caused subsequent airway dilation, whereas smaller DIs (≤35 cmH2O) caused bronchoconstriction. The precise mechanism underlying these observations is uncertain, but it seems to be related to an interaction between intrinsic properties of the contracted airway smooth muscle and the response to mild stretch.

Computed Tomographic Discography in the Evaluation of Extreme Lateral Disc Herniation

Neurosurgery ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Angtuaco Edgardo ◽  
C. Holder John ◽  
C. Boop Warren ◽  
F. Binet Eugene
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Disc Herniations ◽  
Lateral Disc Herniation

Abstract Thin section, high resolution computed tomographic (CT) scans of the lumbar spine produce images that can show herniated intervertebral discs without intravenous or intrathecal contrast enhancement. With this technique, the diagnosis of posterolateral and midline herniation has been greatly facilitated. This communication reports the use of CT discography in the preoperative evaluation of two patients who were shown at discography and proven at operation to have extreme lateral disc herniations.

Biomass exposure and the high resolution computed tomographic and spirometric findings

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubeccel Arslan ◽  
Ibrahim Akkurt ◽  
Hulusi Egilmez ◽  
Mehmet Atalar ◽  
Ismail Salk
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Computed Tomographic

Fact or artifact: an analysis of artifact in high-resolution computed tomographic scanning of the sella.

Radiology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Earnest ◽  
E C McCullough ◽  
D A Frank
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Computed Tomographic

scholarly journals An unusual association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus fumigatus

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Agarwal ◽  
N. Singh ◽  
A.N. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Unusual Association ◽  
Computed Tomographic Scan

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is rarely described outside the setting of asthma or cystic fibrosis. The occurrence of ABPA in other structural lung diseases included scars of old healed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is also unknown. In this case, we report a 62- year old lady treated for PTB 40 years ago who presented with increasing dyspnea on exertion, cough with expectoration of blackish brown mucus plugs and wheezing. High-resolution computed tomographic scan of the thorax showed parenchymal fibrosis and volume loss in left upper lobe while central bronchiectasis, mosaic attenuation, centrilobular nodules with a tree-in-bud pattern were observed in the other lobes. Investigations revealed a diagnosis of ABPA. The patient was treated with prednisolone and showed a significant response. We review the current literature on this unusual association of previous and cured TB with ABPA, and also discuss the hypothesis of this possible relationship.

scholarly journals Radiographic Measurement of Cochlear in Sudanese Population using High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna Bushara ◽  
Mohamed Yousef ◽  
Ikhlas Abdelaziz ◽  
Mogahid Zidan ◽  
Dalia Bilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cochlear Nerve ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

This study aimed to determine the measurements of the cochlea among healthy subjects and hearing deafness subjects using a High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT). A total of 230 temporal bone HRCT cases were retrospectively investigated in the period spanning from 2011 to 2015. Three 64-slice units were used to examine patients with clinical complaints of hearing loss conditions at three Radiology departments in Khartoum, Sudan. For the control group (A) healthy subjects, the mean width of the right and left cochlear were 5.61±0.40 mm and 5.56±0.58 mm, the height were 3.56±0.36 mm and 3.54±0.36 mm, the basal turn width were 1.87±0.19 mm and 1.88 ±0.18 mm, the width of the cochlear nerve canal were 2.02±1.23 and 1.93±0.20, cochlear nerve density was 279.41±159.02 and 306.84±336.9 HU respectively. However, for the experimental group (B), the mean width of the right and left cochlear width were 5.38±0.46 mm and 5.34±0.30 mm, the height were 3.53±0.25 mm and 3.49±0.28mm, the basal turn width were 1.76±0.13 mm, and 1.79±0.13 mm, the width of the cochlear nerve canal were 1.75±0.18mm and 1.73±0.18mm, and cochlear nerve density were 232.84±316.82 and 196.58±230.05 HU, respectively. The study found there was a significant difference in cochlea’s measurement between the two groups with a p-value < 0.05. This study had established baseline measurements for the cochlear for the healthy Sudanese population. Furthermore, it found that HRCT of the temporal bone was the best for investigation of the cochlear and could provide a guide for the clinicians to manage congenital hearing loss.

scholarly journals Investigation of high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) outcomes associated with chronic pulmonary microaspiration (CPM) in Tehran and Zahedan, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1710-5
Author(s):  
Bahareh Heshmat Ghahderijani ◽  
Fatemeh Hosseinabadi ◽  
Shahram Kahkouee ◽  
Mohamad Kazem Momeni ◽  
Samira Salajeghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Left Lower Lobe ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Keywords Imaging

Background: In patients with chronic pulmonary microaspiration (CPM) the recognition of high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) findings and their pattern is important. Objective: To investigate the HRCT detections in patients with CPM. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study enrolled 100 consecutive patients with CPM underwent HRCT of the lungs between 2017 and 2018 in Tehran and Zahedan Hospitals and private centers. The required variables were recorded for each patient with a questionnaire. Subsequently, HRCT was performed and abnormalities were then reported by two radiologists. Results: Most of patients exhibited bronchial thickening in 33.6% of cases, followed by ground-glass opacity (12.4%), em- physema (11.1%), and bronchiectasis (8.5%). In addition, the most common HRCT findings were found in left lower lobe (LLL) (37.1%), followed by right lower lobe (RLL) (35.9 %), right upper lobe (RUL ) (6,2%), and left upper lobe (LUL) (6%). Conclusion: Our data showed the most common findings in HRCT were bronchial thickening ground-glass opacity, em- physema, and bronchiectasis, where these findings was dominantly found in LLL, RLL, RUL, and LUL, indicating its high tendency to dependent areas. Keywords: Imaging; high-resolution computed tomographic; chronic lung microaspiration.

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