An updated checklist of the mosses of Paraguay

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. O’Shea ◽  
Michelle J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Supplementary List ◽  
Taxonomic Evaluation

The original checkelist of mosses for Paraguay listed 137 species for the country, based on literature reports. An updated checklist has been compiled here, with corrections and additional names added from recent literature records, and in some cases from herbarium records. A total of 240 moss species, including 8 infraspecific taxa, from 94 genera and 38 families are now recorded for Paraguay. This total includes 8 published nomina nuda and 9 taxa that are listed as present in the country but which lack any specific locality reference. Forty-three taxa are apparent endemics to Paraguay and warrant further taxonomic evaluation. The 240 taxa now recorded for Paraguay are listed here along with relevant bibliographical or locality references. A supplementary list of synonyms is also included.

scholarly journals A taxonomic evaluation of Astrophytum myriostigma var. Nudum (Cactaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
Richard R. Montanucci ◽  
Klaus-Peter Kleszewski
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Stem Temperature ◽  
Taxonomic Evaluation

The absence of epidermal trichomes has been used as a diagnostic character to distinguish Astrophytum myriostigma var. nudum from other infraspecific taxa. In the Huizache region of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, between the elevations of 1320 m and 1700 m, the local populations of A. myriostigma are polymorphic, comprised of nude, semi-nude, and flecked plants. However, this polymorphism is non-discrete as there is considerable variation and intermediacy among plants. Also, the proportion of nude plants increases gradually with elevation, which suggests clinal variation correlated with altitude. Exclusively nude populations are currently known only from near Santa Rita del Rucio (? 1710 m) and south of Entronque Huizache (? 1750 m). Farther south, flecked plants were recorded at 1726 m elevation at 6 km E of Guadalcazar, and to the north near El Realejo flecked plants occur as high as 1920 m. At localities southeast of the Sierra San Pedro (Sierra Guadalcazar), nude and semi-nude plants are absent or present at relatively low frequencies in local populations. Epidermal trichomes provide shading and reflectance that protects the cactus stem against excessive solar radiation and moderates stem temperature. The majority of nude A. myriostigma growing in exposed locations at the margins of Hechtia colonies were found to suffer from chlorophyll degeneration due to excessive exposure to solar radiation. A comparative morphological study did not find any characters which can be used in combination to diagnose the var. nudum. Given the lack of a suite of discrete, or nearly discrete diagnostic characters, and given that exclusively nude populations do not have a definable geographic distribution we suggest that the nude phenotype should be treated taxonomically as a “form” rather than as a geographical “variety,” or subspecies. 

Taxonomic Reevaluation of Endemic Hawaiian Planchonella (Sapotaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Havran ◽  
Stephan Nylinder ◽  
Ulf Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
As Species ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Label Information ◽  
Taxonomic Evaluation

Planchonella (Sapotaceae) in Hawaii has a complicated taxonomic history that has resulted in considerable confusion among botanists and conservation practitioners. Up to seven different species and several varieties have been described in Hawaii, with the most recent taxonomic evaluation recognizing one species, P. sandwicensis. We have conducted a phylogenetic study of Hawaiian Planchonella using molecular(ETS, ITS, and RPB2) and morphological data to infer whether one or several species can be distinguished. In line with earlier research based on molecular data, we find that Planchonella in Hawaii is comprised of two well-supported clades distinguished by fruit color: yellow or purple. The purple-fruited clade contains individuals with flat leaf blades, long pedicels, and greenish corollas, a species corresponding to P. sandwicensis, distributed on all Hawaiian Islands except the island of Hawaii. The yellow-fruited clade possesses leaves that are frequently longitudinally rolled, wavy or distally deflexed, short pedicels, and yellow or cream (rarely greenish) corollas, a species corresponding to P. spathulata that is distributed on all Hawaiian Islands but is believed rare in Kauai. Both species can set fruit with aborted ovules, resulting in small fruits that look dissimilar to well-developed fruit. The species can occur in sympatry, where P. sandwicensis seems to be better adapted to slightly wetter forests and higher altitudes, whereas P. spathulata usually occurs at lower elevations in mesic to dry forests. Both species exhibit large morphological variation and overlap, resulting in many previous collections with inadequate label information, which has impeded correct taxonomic determinations. We refrain from recognizing infraspecific taxa because there is no morphological coherence, no molecular support, and it is unhelpful for species conservation. Five lectotypes are here designated. Both species are assessed for conservation status according to IUCN guidelines and are tentatively proposed as species of Least Concern.

An annotated list of moss species of Serbia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 479 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-249
Author(s):  
JOVANA PANTOVIĆ ◽  
MILAN VELJIĆ ◽  
SVETLANA GRDOVIĆ ◽  
MARKO S. SABOVLJEVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

Exploration of Serbian bryophyte flora considerably intensified during last decades, which brought valuable new data on species distribution for the country. Compiled chorological data from Bryo database allowed preparing updated list of moss species occurring in Serbia. Recent taxonomic and nomenclatural changes were taken into account, and taxa critically approached. Total of 638 species and 35 infraspecific taxa are reported for the country. List of taxa includes data on their presence in separate regions and counties of the country.

scholarly journals Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe

Bothalia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Figueiredo ◽  
J. Paiva ◽  
T. Stévart ◽  
F. Oliveira ◽  
G. F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
Plant Uses ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Annotated Catalogue

A catalogue of the flowering plants of the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea) is presented. Flowering plant diversity figures are updated to: 135 families (20 introduced), 624 genera (172 introduced), 1 104 species (301 introduced) plus 15 additional infraspecific taxa. At present 119 taxa (107 species and 12 infraspecific taxa) are known to be endemic to the two islands. The catalogue includes accepted names, synonyms used in recent literature, common names, voucher specimens and information on habit and habitat and on plant uses, particularly medicinally.

Materials for Electron Beam Information Storage

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 152-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Speliotis
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The interaction of electron beams with a large variety of materials for information storage has been the subject of numerous proposals and studies in the recent literature. The materials range from photographic to thermoplastic and magnetic, and the interactions with the electron beam for writing and reading the information utilize the energy, or the current, or even the magnetic field associated with the electron beam.

Optical characteristics of the hitachi HF-2000 cold field-emission TEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1076-1077
Author(s):  
L. F. Allard ◽  
E. Völkl ◽  
T. A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Condenser Lens ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Imaging Mode ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Illuminating System

The illumination system of the cold field emission (CFE) Hitachi HF-2000 TEM operates with a single condenser lens in normal imaging mode, and with a second condenser lens excited to give the ultra-fine 1 nm probe for microanalysis. The electron gun provides a guaranteed high brightness of better than 7×l08 A/cm2/sr, more than twice the guaranteed brightness of Schottky emission guns. There have been several articles in the recent literature (e.g. refs.) which claim that the geometry of this illumination system yields a total current which is so low that when the beam is spread at low magnifications (say 10 kX), the operator must “keep his eyes glued to the binoculars” in order to see the image. It is also claimed that this illuminating system produces an isoplanatic patch (the area over which image character does not vary significantly) at high magnification which is so small that the instrument is ineffective for recording high resolution images.

Aging and Autism

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

In this article, I will review the available recent literature about the aging population with autism, a patient group that researchers know little about and a group that is experiencing a growing need for support from communication disorders professionals. Speech-language pathologists working with geriatric patients should become familiar with this issue, as the numbers of older patients with autism spectrum disorders is likely to increase. Our profession and our health care system must prepare to meet the challenge these patients and residents will present as they age.

Viburnum cotinifolium D. Don and two new infraspecific taxa

1986 ◽  
Vol 97 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
T. R. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Infraspecific Taxa

Koroška po plebiscitu. Revanšizem, revizionizem in pregoni v poplebiscitnih mesecih

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2020) (2) ◽  
pp. 565-595
Author(s):  
Andrej Rahten
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Main Attention

The article presents the circumstances in Carinthia in the first months after the plebiscite, which ended on 10 October 1920, with the Austrian victory and the Yugoslav defeat. Author pays the main attention to the revanchist policies of the Carinthian governmental circles and the persecutions of the Carinthian Slovenes. The article is based on the archival, journalist and memoir sources, the relevant recent literature has been taken into consideration, too.

Counter culture: Causes, extent and solutions of systematic bias in the analysis of behavioural counts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel L Pick ◽  
Nyil Khwaja ◽  
Michael A. Spence ◽  
Malika Ihle ◽  
Shinichi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
Provisioning Rate ◽  
Parental Provisioning ◽  
Observation Period

We often quantify a behaviour by counting the number of times it occurs within a specific, short observation period. Measuring behaviour in such a way is typically unavoidable but induces error. This error acts to systematically reduce effect sizes, including metrics of particular interest to behavioural and evolutionary ecologists such as R2, repeatability (intra-class correlation, ICC) and heritability. Through introducing a null model, the Poisson process, for modelling the frequency of behaviour, we give a mechanistic explanation of how this problem arises and demonstrate how it makes comparisons between studies and species problematic, because the magnitude of the error depends on how frequently the behaviour has been observed (e.g. as a function of the observation period) as well as how biologically variable the behaviour is. Importantly, the degree of error is predictable and so can be corrected for. Using the example of parental provisioning rate in birds, we assess the applicability of our null model for modelling the frequency of behaviour. We then review recent literature and demonstrate that the error is rarely accounted for in current analyses. We highlight the problems that arise from this and provide solutions. We further discuss the biological implications of deviations from our null model, and highlight the new avenues of research that they may provide. Adopting our recommendations into analyses of behavioural counts will improve the accuracy of estimated effect sizes and allow meaningful comparisons to be made between studies.

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