The second Caloneurodea from the Moscovian of Avion, France (Insecta, Archaeorthoptera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ NEL ◽  
PATRICK ROQUES
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Late Palaeozoic ◽  
Slag Heap

The Late Palaeozoic insect order Caloneurodea Handlirsch, 1907 is a rather small clade in the superorder Archaeorthoptera Béthoux & Nel, 2002 (Béthoux et al., 2003), several representatives have been recently described from Portugal, France, China, and Russia (see Dvořák et al., 2021 and references herein). The body structures of these insects are poorly known and the majority of genera and species are based on isolated wings. Also the majority of genera and species are Permian and latest Carboniferous. With two genera and species recorded from the Moscovian of the Pas-de-Calais Basin, this area is of great interest to estimate the diversity of this order during the early Pennsylvanian (Pruvost, 1919; Prokop et al., 2014). Here we describe the second genus and species from the Avion locality, which has already given Aviogramma gracilis Prokop et al., 2014. This discovery further confirms the very important richness and diversity of the fossil entomofauna of the slag heap of Avion (Nel et al., 2013).

scholarly journals Grass-like mantid, American grass mantid, Thesprotia graminis, (Scudder, 1878) (Insecta: Mantodea: Thespidae)

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Bethany McGregor ◽  
Nathan Burkett-Cadena ◽  
Andrea Lucky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Stick Insect ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Praying Mantid

Praying mantids are charismatic insects that are considered beneficial to humans because of their insectivorous lifestyle and because of their aesthetic appeal. Despite this, many praying mantid species remain understudied. One species that occurs in the southeastern United States is the grass-like mantid, Thesprotia graminis (Scudder) (Figure 1). This small, cryptic mantid species is light brown to green in color and can easily blend in with pine needles and grass, making it difficult to detect in its natural habitat. Although this mantid may be mistaken for a stick insect (Order: Phasmatodea), especially when its forelegs are held directly in front of the body and it resembles a blade of grass, the raptorial forelimbs reveal the insect’s true identity. There are 14 Neotropical species within the genus Thesprotia, all of which occur in South America except Thesprotia graminis (Rondon et al. 2007). The type specimen for this species is a male that was collected in Gainesville, Florida. It is vouchered in the entomology collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This document is also available on the Featured Creatures website at http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1235

Reduced antennal segmentation in a new species from Iran of the genus Aeolothrips (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4683 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-450
Author(s):  
KAMBIZ MINAEI ◽  
LAURENCE MOUND
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Terminal Segment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Plesiomorphic State

The number of antennal segments in adults of the different families and genera in the insect order Thysanoptera varies between five and nine. The plesiotypic number is considered to be nine (Zhang et al. 2019), and fossil thrips reported to have 10 to 15 segments (Tong et al. 2019) are generally considered to be aberrations in which the terminal segment bears transverse striae. The 9-segmented condition occurs particularly amongst species that exhibit several other characters in a plesiomorphic state, including all Melanthripidae, two genera of Merothripidae, also most species of Fauriellidae, Stenurothripidae, Heterothripidae, and Aeolothripidae (Mound et al. 1980). Curiously, members of a few genera of Thripidae (Palmer & Mound 1985; Minaei 2012) also have nine antennal segments, but this is considered a reversion from the 8-segmented condition that is assumed to be plesiomorphic for that family (Zhang et al. 2019). Variation between eight and nine segments occurs in the genus Anaphothrips, and within that genus a few species exhibit intraspecific variation in antennal segmentation (Mound & Masumoto 2009). Intraspecific variation in various characters, including body size, color and wing length, is well documented for the order Thysanoptera (Mound 2005 a, b). However, amongst the 207 listed species of Aeolothripidae there has never been any report of a species bearing antennae with other than nine segments, although these vary in length and shape amongst the different genera. We here describe from Iran a curious species of the genus Aeolothrips that is unusual in having only seven antennal segments, with the number reduced to six or even five in a few individuals in which the terminal segments are fused. These females with 7-segmented antennae were initially considered to be aberrant individuals of some other species. However, 25 females with such antennae have been collected over two years, all from a group of Tamarix trees. Despite extensive studies on the genus Aeolothrips in Iran (Alavi & Minaei 2018, 2019), with 30 species now being recorded from this country, no other species has been found with the same colour pattern of the body and fore wings. We therefore conclude that the available specimens represent a valid species in which the antennal segmentation is reduced, and with the terminal segments unstable. 

Ultrastructure of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) nephrocytes

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 922-923
Author(s):  
Kathleen S. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Vital Dye ◽  
Pericardial Cells

Nephrocytes are endocytotic cells that exist in distinct groups at fixed sites within the body cavity of arthropods. They can be identified by their uptake of the vital dye, Trypan blue. The only types of nephrocyte that have been described in the insect order Lepidoptera are the pericardial cells, which have been described in many species, and the cells of the unusual “organe rameux” of Bombyx mori.

Representing utility and deploying the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Spurrett
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

Neuron-glia relationship during the early postembryonic development of the nervous system in some oligochaetes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
Wiktor Djaczenko ◽  
Carmen Calenda Cimmino
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The simplicity of the developing nervous system of oligochaetes makes of it an excellent model for the study of the relationships between glia and neurons. In the present communication we describe the relationships between glia and neurons in the early periods of post-embryonic development in some species of oligochaetes.Tubifex tubifex (Mull. ) and Octolasium complanatum (Dugès) specimens starting from 0. 3 mm of body length were collected from laboratory cultures divided into three groups each group fixed separately by one of the following methods: (a) 4% glutaraldehyde and 1% acrolein fixation followed by osmium tetroxide, (b) TAPO technique, (c) ruthenium red method.Our observations concern the early period of the postembryonic development of the nervous system in oligochaetes. During this period neurons occupy fixed positions in the body the only observable change being the increase in volume of their perikaryons. Perikaryons of glial cells were located at some distance from neurons. Long cytoplasmic processes of glial cells tended to approach the neurons. The superimposed contours of glial cell processes designed from electron micrographs, taken at the same magnification, typical for five successive growth stages of the nervous system of Octolasium complanatum are shown in Fig. 1. Neuron is designed symbolically to facilitate the understanding of the kinetics of the growth process.

Flagellar Attachment in Selected Trypanosomes

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
J. J. Paulin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flagellar Pocket ◽  
Integral Component ◽  
Free Flagellum ◽  
Flagellar Axoneme

Movement in epimastigote and trypomastigote stages of trypanosomes is accomplished by planar sinusoidal beating of the anteriorly directed flagellum and associated undulating membrane. The flagellum emerges from a bottle-shaped depression, the flagellar pocket, opening on the lateral surface of the cell. The limiting cell membrane envelopes not only the body of the trypanosome but is continuous with and insheathes the flagellar axoneme forming the undulating membrane. In some species a paraxial rod parallels the axoneme from its point of emergence at the flagellar pocket and is an integral component of the undulating membrane. A portion of the flagellum may extend beyond the anterior apex of the cell as a free flagellum; the length is variable in different species of trypanosomes.

Otoconia formation in the chick embryo

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
C.D. Fermin ◽  
M. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Basic Fuchsin ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Transmission Electron

Otoconia are microscopic geometric structures that cover the sensory epithelia of the utricle and saccule (gravitational receptors) of mammals, and the lagena macula of birds. The importance of otoconia for maintanance of the body balance is evidenced by the abnormal behavior of species with genetic defects of otolith. Although a few reports have dealt with otoconia formation, some basic questions remain unanswered. The chick embryo is desirable for studying otoconial formation because its inner ear structures are easily accessible, and its gestational period is short (21 days of incubation).The results described here are part of an intensive study intended to examine the morphogenesis of the otoconia in the chick embryo (Gallus- domesticus) inner ear. We used chick embryos from the 4th day of incubation until hatching, and examined the specimens with light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The embryos were decapitated, and fixed by immersion with 3% cold glutaraldehyde. The ears and their parts were dissected out under the microscope; no decalcification was used. For LM, the ears were embedded in JB-4 plastic, cut serially at 5 micra and stained with 0.2% toluidine blue and 0.1% basic fuchsin in 25% alcohol.

Voids in Irradiated Tungsten and Molybdenum

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Robert C. Rau ◽  
Robert L. Ladd
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Fast Neutron ◽  
Neutron Irradiation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Irradiation Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Body Centered Cubic ◽  
Cubic Metals ◽  
Face Centered

Recent studies have shown the presence of voids in several face-centered cubic metals after neutron irradiation at elevated temperatures. These voids were found when the irradiation temperature was above 0.3 Tm where Tm is the absolute melting point, and were ascribed to the agglomeration of lattice vacancies resulting from fast neutron generated displacement cascades. The present paper reports the existence of similar voids in the body-centered cubic metals tungsten and molybdenum.

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