A contribution to the Flora of North America: synonymy and lectotypification of Coptis laciniata (Ranunculaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
BO LI ◽  
QINGJUN YUAN ◽  
ZHIYONG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
State University ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Oregon State University ◽  
Small Genus

Coptis Salisbury (1807: 305) is a small genus of Ranunculaceae containing 10 (Ford 1997) to 15 (Fu 2001) species. It is distributed in temperate and boreal regions of East Asia and North America (Ford 1997, Fu 2001). In order to generate a comprehensive sampling for a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus, we have reviewed all described species and their distribution (‘A synopsis of Coptis (Ranunculaceae)’, Li, unpublished). Accidentally, we identified a North American taxon, C. venosa Howell (1897: 21), that is not recognized by the latest updated Flora of North America (Ford 1997), nor has the name been included in any literature of the genus since its first description in the Flora of Northwest America (Howell 1897). Besides C. venosa, Howell (1897) recognized another four species from North America in his work: C. aspleniifolia Salisbury (1807: 306), C. laciniata Gray (1887: 297), C. occidentalis Torrey & Gray (1838: 28) and C. trifolia (Linnaeus 1753: 558) Salisbury (1807: 305), and commented that C. venosa was only collected by himself and has the same distribution range as C. occidentalis. No details were given about the morphological differences between C. venosa and the other four species. We closely examined protologues, descriptions, type specimens and other specimens of these five species. On the type specimen of C. venosa (deposited in Oregon State University Herbarium, OSC) (Fig. 1 A), we observed that the flowers of C. venosa are similar to those of C. aspleniifolia, C. laciniata and C. occidentalis in having linear-lanceolate sepals and petals, and nearly basal nectaries. Coptis venosa, however, is clearly different from C. aspleniifolia and C. occidentalis by having a biternate leaf blade that is almost identical to the leaf blade of C. laciniata. Based on overall similarity in morphology between C. venosa and C. laciniata, coupled with their overlapping distribution ranges, we hereby propose to treat C. venosa as a synonym of C. laciniata. Thus, we now recognize four species of Coptis in North America, C. aspleniifolia, C. laciniata, C. occidentalis and C. trifolia, and provide a key to identify them (as below). 

scholarly journals Taxonomic Review of theCaudatella heterocaudata(McDunnough) andC. hystrix(Traver) Complexes (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke M. Jacobus
Keyword(s):  
Type Specimen ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Type Material ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Comparative Examination

Caudatella columbiella(McDunnough, 1935), new combination, (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) is removed from synonymy withCaudatella heterocaudata(McDunnough, 1929), and a new junior synonym is recognized, based on comparative examination of type material and larval exuviae associated with adults from the type locale ofC. columbiella(=C. californica(Allen and Edmunds, 1961), new status, new synonym).Caudatella circia(Allen and Edmunds, 1961), new status, is recognized as a strict specific synonym ofC. heterocaudata(McDunnough, 1929) (=C. circia(Allen and Edmunds, 1961), new synonym). A neotype is designated forCaudatella hystrix(Traver, 1934), based on a specimen collected in Western Montana, USA, during June 2000. Morphological differences between the type specimen ofC. hystrixand the type specimens of its two junior synonyms,Ephemerella cascadiaAllen and Edmunds, 1961, andE. spinosaMayo, 1952, are detailed. An identification key for larvae of the genusCaudatellais included.

Growth forms and sepal hairs of the purple saxifrage (Saxifraga oppositifolia: Saxifragaceae) in North America related to chromosome records and DNA information

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1088-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Aiken ◽  
M.C. LeBlanc ◽  
R.L. Boles
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The North ◽  
Saxifraga Oppositifolia

Growth forms and the presence or absence of hairs on the surfaces of the sepals of Saxifraga oppositifolia L. plants were examined on type specimens and more than 400 herbarium specimens collected from all over North America and Europe. Data were gathered on whether plant growth forms were compact, trailing, or intermediate between the extremes. Specimens were examined for whether or not hairs were present on the surface of the sepals between the long trichomes on the margins, and if so, an estimate was made of the degree of hairiness. While extreme forms of compact and trailing plants do occur, maps indicate that more of the plants collected in North America were intermediate in growth form. The geographic distribution of the presence or absence of hairs on the sepals is mapped, as is the gradation in degree of hairiness of sepals. The type specimen of S. oppositifolia subsp. smalliana (S. pulvinata), from the Yukon, has compact plants and flowers that have sepal surfaces with a few sparse hairs. The flowers have set fruits that have opened. “The smaller turbinate hypanthium” described in the original description may be the result of the structures being dehisced and dried up fruits. The type specimen of S. oppositifolia subsp. glandulisepala , from Alaska, is a relatively trailing specimen with some larger leaves. The sepal surfaces have a few glandular hairs. Whether or not the hairs appear glandular on herbarium specimens may reflect the stage of flowering at the time of collection. No morphological differences are associated with three different chromosome numbers known for S. oppositifolia plants from the area of the North American type specimens, and DNA analyses done mainly on European specimens, but also including a potential candidate for the name “smalliana”, gave inconclusive results. Thus, chromosome and DNA data join these morphological data on growth forms and the occurrence of sepal hairs to discourage recognizing subspecies among plants occurring in North America.

Lectotypification of Allium perdulce (Amaryllidaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 434 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-130
Author(s):  
HARLAN T. SVOBODA ◽  
MARK H. MAYFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Type Specimen ◽  
State University ◽  
Type Collection ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
The Status ◽  
Kansas State University ◽  
Mixed Collection ◽  
International Code Of Nomenclature

While verifying the status of alleged type specimens in the holdings of the U.S. National Arboretum Herbarium (NA; herbarium codes following Thiers [2020]), the first author (HTS) discovered a specimen of Allium perdulce S.V.Fraser (1939: 124), the gathering “Fraser 72,” that had several contradictory type annotations on the sheet. Additional study of the label and the protologue revealed that the specimen at NA was not a single gathering, as defined by the International Code of Nomenclature (Turland et al. 2018; Art. 8.2), but rather a mixed collection from different dates and locations. The protologue of A. perdulce states that the type specimen was deposited in the herbarium at Kansas State University (KSC) with “cotypes” being sent to GH, US, and NA, but no additional information about the type collection was provided. Thus, type material was sought at KSC to verify if the specimen at NA was in fact part of the type collection.

Revised classification of the genus Eryx Daudin, 1803 (Serpentes: Erycidae) in Iran and neighbouring areas, based on mtDNA sequences and morphological data

2020 ◽  
pp. 2-12
Author(s):  
Naeimeh Eskandarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Morphological Differences

Several attempts have recently been made to elucidate taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships among the species and subspecies of sand boas of the genus Eryx throughout their distribution range, with no stable consensus about their taxonomy. Here the phylogenetic relationships among the populations of Eryx in Iran and adjacent areas are studied based on two mitochondrial markers (cytb and 16S). Sixteen morphological characters were examined for evaluation of morphological differences among major populations. Ecological niche modeling was applied to demonstrate the potential distribution of the populations in Iran. ENMtools was also used to measure the degree of niche overlap among the major populations in Iran. Based on phylogenetic reconstruction and considering the genetic distances with specimens from type localities, E. tataricus is a junior synonym of E. miliaris and the subspecies rank for E. m. nogaiorum seems to be invalid. Considering the genetic distance of populations in western Iran and Iraq, and the habitat and morphological differences among the populations of Eryx in western Iran, Iraq and Egypt, the population of Eryx in western Iran is suggested as a different species from E. jaculus, named here as Eryx sp. and the ones from Iraq as Eryx cf. jaculus. Here, the evaluation and revision of taxonomic status, distribution ranges and descriptions of morphological characters of the studied species have been done.

A new species of Contomastix (Squamata, Teiidae) supported by total evidence, with remarks on diagnostic characters defining the genus

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Mario. R. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Proximal Margin ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Molecular Characters

Formerly Cnemidophorus was thought to be the most speciose genus of Teiidae. This genus comprised four morphological groups that were later defined as four different genera, Ameivula, Aurivela, Cnemidophorus and Contomastix. The last appears as paraphyletic in a recent phylogenetic reconstruction based on morphology, but monophyletic in a reconstruction using molecular characters. Six species are allocated to Contomastix. One of them, C. lacertoides, having an extensive and disjunct geographic distribution in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. Preliminary analyses revealed morphological differences among its populations, suggesting that it is actually a complex of species. Here, we describe a new species corresponding to the Argentinian populations hitherto regarded as C. lacertoides, by integrating morphological and molecular evidence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the presence of notched proximal margin of the tongue is a character that defines the genus Contomastix.

scholarly journals Why Age Matters to Higher Education: Age-Friendly Tools and Techniques for Culture Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 551-551
Author(s):  
David Burdick ◽  
Karen Rose ◽  
Dana Bradley
Keyword(s):  
University Presidents ◽  
Steering Committee ◽  
State University ◽  
Community Members ◽  
University Leadership ◽  
Drexel University ◽  
College Of Nursing ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
The University ◽  
Oregon State University

Abstract Momentum is growing for the Age-Friendly University Network as proponents, primarily gerontology educators, have successfully encouraged university presidents to sign nonbinding pledged to become more age-friendly in programs and policies, endorsing 10 Age-Friendly University Principles. While this trend is inspiring, more is needed to fully achieve benefits for universities, students, communities, and older adults. Four presentations discuss innovative ways of deepening university commitment, weaving the principles into the fabric of the university. The first paper describes thematic content analysis from five focus groups with admissions and career services staff at Washington University in St. Louis and the recommendations that emerged for the provision of programs and services for post-traditional students. The second paper describes efforts to utilize community-impact internships and community partnerships to build support for Age-Friendly University initiatives at Central Connecticut State University, particularly in the context of the university’s recent Carnegie Foundation Engaged Campus designation. The third paper describes how Drexel University became Philadelphia’s first Age-Friendly University and current efforts in the Drexel College of Nursing and Heatlh Care Profession’s AgeWell Collaboratory to convene university-wide leadership for an AFU Steering Committee working on four mission-driven efforts to ensure AFU sustainability. The fourth paper describes steps taken by AFU proponents at Western Oregon State University to gain endorsement from university leadership and community, including mapping the 10 AFU Principles to the university’s strategic plan, faculty senate endorsement, and survey/interview results of older community members’ use of the university, which collectively have enhanced deeper and broader campus buy-in of AFU.

Early Paleozoic Hyolitha from North America: reexamination of Walcott's and Resser's type specimens

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mark Malinky
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family

Concepts of the family Hyolithidae Nicholson fide Fisher and the genera Hyolithes Eichwald and Orthotheca Novak have been expanded through time to encompass a variety of morphologically dissimilar shells. The Hyolithidae is here considered to include only those hyolithid species which have a rounded (convex) dorsum; slopes on the dorsum are inflated, and the venter may be flat or slightly inflated. Hyolithes encompasses species which possess a low dorsum and a prominent longitudinal sulcus along each edge of the dorsum; the ligula is short and the apertural rim is flared. The emended concept of Orthotheca includes only those species of orthothecid hyoliths which have a subtriangular transverse outline and longitudinal lirae covering the shell on both dorsum and venter.Eighteen species of Hyolithes and one species of Orthotheca from the Appalachian region and Western Interior were reexamined in light of more modern taxonomic concepts and standards of quality for type material. Reexamination of type specimens of H. similis Walcott from the Lower Cambrian of Newfoundland, H. whitei Resser from the Lower Cambrian of Nevada, H. billingsi Walcott from the Lower Cambrian of Nevada, H. gallatinensis Resser from the Upper Cambrian of Wyoming, and H. partitus Resser from the Middle Cambrian of Alabama indicates that none of these species represents Hyolithes. Hyolithes similis is here included under the new genus Similotheca, in the new family Similothecidae. Hyolithes whitei is designated as the type species of the new genus Nevadotheca, to which H. billingsi may also belong. Hyolithes gallatinensis is referred to Burithes Missarzhevsky with question, and H. partitus may represent Joachimilites Marek. The type or types of H. attenuatus Walcott, H. cecrops Walcott, H. comptus Howell, H. cowanensis Resser, H. curticei Resser, H. idahoensis Resser, H. prolixus Resser, H. resseri Howell, H. shaleri Walcott, H. terranovicus Walcott, and H. wanneri Resser and Howell lack shells and/or other taxonomically important features such as a complete aperture, rendering the diagnoses of these species incomplete. Their names should only be used for the type specimens until better preserved topotypes become available for study. Morphology of the types of H.? corrugatus Walcott and “Orthotheca” sola Resser does not support placement in the Hyolitha; the affinities of these species are uncertain.

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