Green Remanufacturer’s Mixed Collection Channel Strategy Considering Enterprise’s Environmental Responsibility and the Fairness Concern in Reverse Green Supply Chain

In reverse green supply chain, the mixed collection channel strategy of green remanufacturer is analyzed by building a dynamic game model in which we consider that the green remanufacturer undertakes the environmental responsibility and the green collector shows strong fairness concern for the profit. We analyze the impact of the environmental responsibility level of the green remanufacturer, the preference coefficient of the green remanufacturer, the fairness concern coefficient of the green collector, and the coefficient of cross collection price on optimal decision and profit of the green remanufacturer. The result shows that (1) the green remanufacturer can further improve the collection price, so that it makes many more customers participate in the collection activity; (2) the green remanufacturer pays more attention to fulfill the environmental responsibility, which will increase the intensity of collection of the waste green product, and improve the collection price, as the old green product’s remanufacturing cost is lower than the production cost of the new product, and it can improve the green remanufacturer’s profits; (3) the green remanufacturer’s profit in the mixed collection channel is higher than those in online or offline collection channels.

Lectotypification of Allium perdulce (Amaryllidaceae)

While verifying the status of alleged type specimens in the holdings of the U.S. National Arboretum Herbarium (NA; herbarium codes following Thiers [2020]), the first author (HTS) discovered a specimen of Allium perdulce S.V.Fraser (1939: 124), the gathering “Fraser 72,” that had several contradictory type annotations on the sheet. Additional study of the label and the protologue revealed that the specimen at NA was not a single gathering, as defined by the International Code of Nomenclature (Turland et al. 2018; Art. 8.2), but rather a mixed collection from different dates and locations. The protologue of A. perdulce states that the type specimen was deposited in the herbarium at Kansas State University (KSC) with “cotypes” being sent to GH, US, and NA, but no additional information about the type collection was provided. Thus, type material was sought at KSC to verify if the specimen at NA was in fact part of the type collection.

A Taxonomic Reassessment and a New Synonymy in Peruvian Gentianella (Gentianaceae, Gentianeae, Swertiinae)

Gentiana trichostemma Wedd., which had been included in Gentianella nitida (Griseb.) Fabris, is restored to recognition as a distinct species, which differs from G. nitida in its longer stems, more distantly spaced leaves, and more deeply lobed corollas. The new combination Gentianella trichostemma (Wedd.) J. S. Pringle is made. The holotype of Gentiana trichostemma is shown to be a mixed collection and is herein restricted by lectotypification to the portion of the material that is consistent with the protologue. The name Gentianella andreae-mathewsii (Briq.) Zarucchi is lectotypified and is reduced to synonymy under G. liniflora (Kunth) Fabris ex J. S. Pringle. A second-step lectotypification is published for the name Gentiana liniflora Kunth.

Factors determining the public receptivity regarding waste sorting: a case study in Surabaya city, Indonesia

Waste sorting at the source has been enforced by the Government of Indonesia since the implementation of the Waste Management Law No. 18 Year 2008. However, waste sorting is still not a popular practice in households. We present the findings of a survey conducted for 900 households’ receptivity regarding waste sorting at the source. A logistic regression model allowed us to examine the socio-economic characteristics determining the public receptivity regarding waste sorting at the source. The results show that household heads’ years of education, family members, current sorting practices and understanding of sorting obligations, are the factors determining the public receptivity regarding waste sorting at the source. Moreover, we also assessed the main reasons why households have not practiced waste sorting at the source yet. The three main reasons are mixed collection and transport (26%), lack of sorting facilities (23%), and lack of time (22%). The findings provide useful insight for the local government in developing mechanisms for the implementation of waste sorting at the source on larger scales as a part of the waste reduction program.

Trema domingensis rises like a Phoenix from the ashes of Trema integerrima: a reassessment of the entire-leaved species of neotropical Tream (Cannabaceae)

We resolve three problems concerning the three entire-leaved species of Neotropical Trema. 1) Phylogenetic and morphological results showed that T. integerrima (Beurl.) Standl., T. domingensis Urb., and T. laxiflora Lundell are a single species; therefore, we combine them under a single name. 2) The date of publication gives priority to T. integerrima, as the basionym Sponia integerrima Beurl. was published in 1856. However, the type specimen, Billberg 308 (S), is not a species of Trema but Pouzolzia obliqua (Wedd.) Wedd. (Urticaceae); therefore, Sponia integerrima Beurl. is a new synonym of P. obliqua. The next available name for the entire-leaved species is T. domingensis, published in 1912. 3) The type of T. domingensis, Fuertes 312, is a mixed collection. Specimens of Fuertes 312 held at B, NY, U, and USD are T. domingensis, while those at P, G, US, and Z are Celtis trinervia Lam. We provide a historical review to understand how these problems arose and persisted unnoticed for decades.

PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PASAR DI KECAMATAN LOA KULU KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (SIG)

Pasar Loa Kulu beroperasi setiap hari mulai pukul 06.00 – 17.00 WITA dan dikelola oleh Unit Pengelola Pasar. Pengelolaan sampah di pasar ini belum terkelola dengan baik sehingga perlu adanya pengelolaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik sampah dengan merancang dan merekomendasikan pengelolaan sampah pada sistem pemilahan, pewadahan, pengumpulan, dan pengangkutan sampah. Sistem pemilahan dan pewadahan dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah timbulan dengan hasil rata-rata 540,62 kg/hari dan karakteristik sampah berupa sampah organik sebanyak 492,95 kg/hari dan anorganik 47,66 kg/hari. Direkomendasikan dengan memberikan bak sampah berdasarkan karakteristik agar tidak tercampur. Sistem pengumpulan dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan sampah dari bak sampah hingga ke truk dan ditentukan alternatif rute pengumpulan sampah. Dibuat 3 alternatif rute pada bak sampah belakang dan rute optimum berada pada rute 1. Bak sampah depan dari 2 rute alternatif dipilih rute 2 sebagai rute optimum. Sistem pengangkutan dilakukan penentuan alternatif rute yang efektif dan efisien dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Arcgis 10.1. Sistem pengangkutan direncanakan dibuat celah pada bak truk sampah antara sampah organik dan anorganik dan dibuat 3 rute alternatif dari Pasar hingga ke TPA Bekotok. Sehingga dipilih rute 1 sebagai rute yang efektif dan efisien.Kata kunci: Pasar, Pemilahan, Pewadahan, Pengangkutan, Pengumpulan. Loa Kulu market operate every day starting at 06.00–17.00 WITA and managed by Unit Market Managers. Waste management in the market has not managed well by market manager so that required management. The purpose of this research is knowing characteristic garbage to design and recommends waste management on system sorting, containers, collection, and disposal. The system sorting and containers done by counting the number of pileup with the results average 540,62 kg/day and characteristic of the waste in from organic waste as many as 492, 95 kg/day and inorganic 47,66 kg/day. Recommended by giving a garbage based on characteristic that not mixed. Collection system done with gathering trash from garbage bins to dump truck and determined alternative routes garbage collection. Made 3 alternative routes garbage bins back and route steady be on a route 1. Gabage bins in front of 2 alternative route chosen route 2 as steady route. Transportation system done determination of an effective and efficient by using software Arcgis 10.1. Transportation system planned made a gap in the dump trucks between organic waste and inorganic and made 3 alternative route from market to landfill Bekotok. So chosen route 1 as the route effective and efficient.Keywords: Collection, Containers, Market, Sorting, Transportation.

A clarification of the name Carex hypsipedos C.B.Clarke (Cyperaceae) and a new name for the South American Carex section Acrocystis taxon

In 1906, Clarke described C. hypsipedos based on specimens of Weberbauer 2617 and placed this species in subgenus Vignea. In 1909, Kükenthal also described the name C. umbellata var. depressa on the basis of the number Weberbauer 2617, a species attributed to section Acrocystis of subgenus Carex. Wheeler in 1988 also placed C. hypsipedos in section Acrocystis while reducing Kükenthal’s name to synonymy. During a recent herbarium survey, we studied syntypes corresponding to Weberbauer 2617 at B, F, G, and MOL. The study of these materials revealed important inconsistencies between the specimens and Clarke’s protologue and Wheeler’s study, suggesting that Weberbauer 2617 is a mixed collection of two different species. One plant conforms to Carex sect. Acrocystis, while the other bears resemblance to subgenus Vignea. Several salient characters distinguish these two taxa from each other, most notably including: stigmas 3 vs. stigmas 2, achenes trigonous vs. lenticular, and perigynium pubescent to puberulent vs. glabrous. Carex hypsipedos from Peru, corresponding to Clarke’s original description, is here lectotypified. The Carex sect. Acrocystis species is assigned a new name, Carex punicola, from Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru (South America). In addition to Wheeler’s (1988) observations, we here provide additional detail and illustration of this species. It is closely related to C. geophila, another American species in section Acrocystis.

Competencias fundamentales como génesis del desarrollo profesional docente de República Dominicana [Basic skills as the genesis of teacher professional development of Dominican Republic]

La investigación se realizó partiendo de que todo educadordebe poseer ciertas habilidades básicas que unidas forman el elemento sustancial o germen para el desarrollo de competencias didácticas y pedagógicas. El estudio evaluó las condiciones de admisión que poseen los participantes inscritos en los Postgrados educativos del CEED-INTEC, en 2013. Para esto se procedió a aplicar la Prueba de Admisión a Estudios de Postgrado (PAEP), buscando identificar la calificación promedio de aprobación de la prueba para los docentes que cursan los programas en Educación, con tal de conocer la factibilidad del examen, como único mecanismo para la admisión y, finalmente, identificar los andamios necesarios para el fortalecimiento de la formación continua. El diseño es de covarianza, tipo estudio de cohorte prospectivo y piloto, con recogida de datos e informaciones mixtas. Se trabajó con una muestra intencional de 40 educadores provenientes del sector público becados por el Estado, a quienes se les observó y aplicó la prueba PAEP. Finalmente, se identificó que el 75% de los participantes evaluados “fallaron” a la prueba de admisión, obteniendo puntaje menor a 200 puntos, mientras que apenas un 15% aprobó con la calificación por encima de 248 puntos. El estudio concluyó que la institucionalización de la prueba PAEP, como único mecanismo para la admisión en estos postgrados educativos, implicaría una baja en la apertura y, eventualmente, el cierre de la oferta de formación continua. Por lo que se recomendó establecer mecanismos rigurosos y combinados de admisión, desarrollar módulos remediales y andamios para la nivelación de docentes candidatos a cursar estos programas de postgrado.[The current study assessed the admission conditions possessed by the participants registered in the graduate programs in education offered by the CEED-INTEC in 2013; For this one proceeds to apply the Admission Exam for Graduate Studies (EXADEP), seeking to identify the average rate of test approval for teachers enrolled in graduate educational programs, also to explore the feasibility of the examination, as the only mechanism for admission and finally to identify the necessary scaffolding for strengthening continuing training. The research was conducted on the basis that every educator must possess certain basic skills that together form a substantial element or brake shoe for the development of educational and pedagogical skills. The research design was covariance, a prospective cohort study and pilot type, with mixed collection of data and information.This work was done with an intentional sample of 40 educators from public sector scholarships ranted by the state that were observed and tested with the EXADEP. Finally, it was identified that 75% of participants valuated “failed” by obtaining admission test scores less than 200 pts., while only 15% teachers “passed” with rating above 248 pts. The study concludes that the institutionalization of the EXADEP test, as the only mechanism for admission to these educational graduate programs implies a decrease in the opening and/or the possibility of closing the continuing education offering. So it was recommended the establishment of combined and rigorous admission mechanisms, as well as the development of remedial modules and scaffolding for leveling teachers candidates to these graduate programs.]

Nomenclature and taxonomy of Salix floccosa, S. opsimantha and S. austrotibetica

Salix floccosa Burkill was originally described based on a mixed collection of two different taxa. Chinese authors in many cases identified S. floccosa, although the species should correctly be named S. austrotibetica N. Chao. The name S. floccosa is lectotypified. S. spodiophylla Handel-Mazzetti, S. dolia var. lineariloba N. Chao, S. eriostachya var. lineariloba (N. Chao) G.H. Zhu, S. spodiophylla f. liocarpa K.S. Hao ex C.F. Fang & A.K. Skvortsov and S. spodiophylla var. liocarpa (K.S. Hao ex C.F. Fang & A.K. Skvortsov) G.H. Zhu are recognized as S. floccosa; S. annulifera var. glabra P.Y. Mao & W.Z. Li and S. floccosa (pro parte) are synonymised with S. opsimantha C.K. Schneider; S. floccosa var. leiogyna P.Y. Mao & W.Z. Li is treated as a synonym of S. austrotibetica. Furthermore, the circumscription of S. austrotibetica is emended to include partly downy to densely downy ovary.