New and noteworthy Melastomataceae from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park and surrounding areas in Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 374 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIÁN A. MICHELANGELI ◽  
RENATO GOLDENBERG
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Nodal Line ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Sclerophyllous Forests

We describe six new species of Melastomataceae from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park and surrounding areas from the Department of Pasco, Province of Oxapampa in Central Peru. Macrocentrum andinum is the first species of the genus described from the Andes, found along creeks at 400–500 m elev. and characterized by its anysophyllous leaves, pubescent stems and four-merous flowers. Meriania rubriflora is found in forests above 2200 m elev. and it is characterized by stem nodes with stipular flaps, leaves with an acute base and four merous, deep red flowers. Miconia palcazuana is found along rivers and streams at 300–400 m on the eastern flank of the park, and it can be distinguished by its flowers with pink anthers with glands on the connective and narrowly oblanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate leaves. Miconia yanachagaensis grows in the dwarf-sclerophyllous forests at the top of ridges and grasslands over 2800 m elev. and it is characterized by its long dendritic-pedicellate trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface, the stems flattened to terete and the presence of a conspicuous annular nodal line. Triolena rojasae is found growing on rocks along the Palcazú River and its tributaries, and it is characterized by its lanceolate-crenate leaves. Triolena vasquezii grows on the northern end of the Huancabamba canyon and the North East portion of the park and can be distinguished by its pustulate leaves with purple abaxial surface and anthers with two ventral appendages. We also present the first report of the genus Wurdastom for Peru.

Morphometric analysis of Correa lawrenceana (Rutaceae) and the reinstatement of var. ferruginea endemic to Tasmania

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Nur Ateeka Othman ◽  
Gregory J. Jordan ◽  
Marco F. Duretto
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Multivariate Morphometrics ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Discriminant Analyses

Correa lawrenceana Hook. is a widespread species in south-eastern Australia with eight recognised varieties. The Tasmanian variety, var. lawrenceana, is morphologically diverse. The present study uses multivariate morphometrics, including cluster, ordination and canonical discriminant analyses of samples of all recognised varieties of C. lawrenceana to assess whether more than one Tasmanian form warrants taxonomic recognition. These analyses showed that (1) var. lawrenceana can be divided into two well discriminated groups that are both endemic to Tasmania, a glabrescent form from the north-east and a hirsute form from the western, central and south-eastern regions, (2) the glabrescent form matches the type of C. lawrenceana and thus retains the name var. lawrenceana, and the hirsute form matches the type of C. lawrenceana var. ferruginea Hook.f. that is reinstated. The two varieties are separated geographically except in a small area around Deloraine in the north where intermediate morphological forms occur. The density of trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface is important for distinguishing the two Tasmanian varieties. An updated key to all varieties of C. lawrenceana along with descriptions of the Tasmanian varieties is presented. Nomenclature of the Tasmanian taxa is discussed and C. lawrenceana, C. lawrenceana var. glabra Benth., C. lawrenceana var. glabra L.Rodway and C. ferruginea Gunn ex Hook. are lectotypified.

Cryptic speciation in the herbaceous bamboo genus Piresia (Poaceae, Olyreae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L Silveira de Carvalho ◽  
Izabela S D de Jesus ◽  
Rilquer M da Silva ◽  
Kelly R B Leite ◽  
Alessandra S Schnadelbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
The North ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Herbaceous Bamboos ◽  
North Eastern

Abstract Piresia, a small genus of herbaceous bamboos, has a geographical disjunction between the Caribbean and northern/western South America and the north-eastern Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Piresia leptophylla is reported from western Amazonia (WA) and the north-eastern Atlantic Forest (NAF), but its occurrence in western Amazonia is questionable. Using an integrative approach, we combined traditional morphological analysis, anatomy and niche modelling. The results revealed few macromorphological differences between WA and NAF specimens (only plant height, leaf length, lodicule dimensions, shape and position), contrasting with consistent differences in leaf anatomy (macrohairs and cruciform silica bodies in the costal zone of the adaxial/abaxial leaf surfaces, crenate silica bodies on the abaxial leaf surface, lack of panicoid hairs on the abaxial leaf surface, bicellular microhairs and lobed papillae over the abaxial leaf surface, and sparse but elongated fusoid cells in the mesophyll of WA specimens) and in niche patterns. The anatomical/micromorphological characters suggest environmental adaptations to the Amazonian and ‘restinga’ forests, respectively. We therefore propose the segregation of the WA populations into a new species, Piresia tenella sp. nov. We provide a formal description, photographs, a line illustration, a distribution map and discussion of the conservation status for the new species.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungicide Mobility and Application Timing on the Management of Grape Powdery Mildew

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1167-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Warneke ◽  
Lindsey D. Thiessen ◽  
Walter F. Mahaffee
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Grape Powdery Mildew

Grape powdery mildew (GPM) fungicide programs consist of 5 to 15 applications, depending on region or market, in an attempt to achieve the high fruit quality standards demanded by the market. Understanding how fungicides redistribute and targeting redistributing fungicide to critical crop phenological stages could improve fungicide protection of grape clusters. This study evaluated fungicide redistribution in grapevines from major fungicide groups labeled for GPM control. Translaminar and xylem redistribution was examined by placing fungicide-impregnated filter disks on the adaxial or abaxial leaf surface of detached leaves for 10 min and then incubating for 48 h before inoculating the abaxial surface with conidia. Vapor redistribution used Teflon disks sprayed with fungicides and placed on the abaxial leaf surface of detached leaves 48 h before inoculation. Disease development was rated 10 days later. Translaminar movement through calyptra was tested using flowering potted vines. All fungicides tested redistributed through at least one mechanism. Fungicide timing at critical phenological stages (early, mid, and late bloom) was assessed in small plots of cultivar Pinot noir vines. The application of trifloxystrobin, quinoxyfen, or fluopyram at different bloom stages showed that applications initiated at end of bloom resulted in the lowest berry infection probabilities of 0.073, 0.097, and 0.020, respectively. The results of this study suggest that integrating two carefully timed applications of redistributing fungicides initiated at end of bloom into a fungicide program may be an effective strategy for wine grape growers in western Oregon to produce fruit with low GPM infection.

scholarly journals The flood extent in the lower Biebrza basin calculated by the 1D flow model for different land use scenarios

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Szporak ◽  
Dorota Mirosław-Świątek ◽  
Jarosław Chormański
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
National Park ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
River Valley ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Land Use Scenarios ◽  
Flooded Area

The flood extent in the lower Biebrza basin calculated by the 1D flow model for different land use scenarios The flood extent in the lower Biebrza basin calculated by the 1D flow model for different land use scenarios. An application of an steady 1D flow model for determination of a flood extent in the natural river valley is discussed in this paper. The Pasche method was used to calculate the total Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for each cross section according to the type of vegetation and flow interaction between the main channel and vegetated areas. In this approach friction caused by interaction between the main channel and vegetated areas are taken into account. The model was applied to the Biebrza Valley, fairly undisturbed river-marginal peatland, located in the north-east of Poland. Actual land use carried out in the National Park was analyzed to determine the influence of changes in the vegetation structure on the flood extent in the river valley. The obtained results show variation of a flooded area in relation to the vegetation of the floodplain.

scholarly journals Descriptive text to the Geological map of Greenland, 1:100 000, Kilen 81 Ø.1 Syd

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Kristian Svennevig ◽  
Peter Alsen ◽  
Pierpaolo Guarnieri ◽  
Jussi Hovikoski ◽  
Bodil Wesenberg Lauridsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
The South ◽  
Thrust Sheet ◽  
Basin Inversion ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The geological map sheet of Kilen in 1:100 000 scale covers the south-eastern part of the Carboniferous– Palaeogene Wandel Sea Basin in eastern North Greenland. The map area is dominated by the Flade Isblink ice cap, which separates several minor isolated landmasses. On the semi-nunatak of Kilen, the map is mainly based on oblique photogrammetry and stratigraphical field work while in Erik S. Henius Land, Nordostrundingen and northern Amdrup Land the map is based on field data collected during previous, 1:500 000 scale regional mapping. Twenty-one Palaeozoic–Mesozoic mappable units were identified on Kilen, while the surrounding areas comprise the Late Cretaceous Nakkehoved Formation to the north-east and the Late Carboniferous Foldedal Formation to the south-west. On Kilen, the description of Jurassic–Cretaceous units follows a recently published lithostratigraphy. The Upper Palaeozoic–lowermost Cretaceous strata comprise seven formations and an informal mélange unit. The overlying Lower–Upper Cretaceous succession comprises the Galadriel Fjeld and Sølverbæk Formations, which are subdivided into six and five units, respectively. In addition, the Quaternary Ymer Formation was mapped on south-east Kilen. The Upper Palaeozoic to Mesozoic strata of Kilen are faulted and folded. Several post-Coniacian NNW–SSE-trending normal faults are identified and found to be passively folded by a later N–S compressional event. A prominent subhorizontal fault, the Central Detachment, separates two thrust sheets, the Kilen Thrust Sheet in the footwall and the Hondal Elv Thrust Sheet in the hanging wall. The style of deformation and the structures found on Kilen are caused by compressional tectonics resulting in post-extensional, presumably Early Eocene, folding and thrusting and basin inversion. The structural history of the surrounding areas and their relation to Kilen await further studies.

scholarly journals HOLOTHURIOIDEA (ECHINODERMATA) DE AGUAS SOMERAS EN LA COSTA NORTE DE COLOMBIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Enrique Caycedo
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
New Records ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Field Identification

Systematic and ecological remarks are presented on 14 species of shallow water holothurians of the northern coast of Colombia. The material was collected from Islas del Rosario off the coast southwest of Cartagena (10° 08' 39" Lat. N 75° 43, 21" Long. W) and from Tayrona National Park to the north east of Santa Marta (11° 20, Lat. N and 74 05, Long. W). Ten species are new records to Colombia, one of them appeared to be undescribed as yet (Holothuria thomaú sp. nov. Pawson & Caycedo, in preparation). A key to these species is given. The occurrence of some species in abundance in different habitats is discussed in order to elucidate ecological interrelationships and facilitate field identification.

scholarly journals Atmospheric ammonia variability and link with particulate matter formation: a case study over the Paris area

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 577-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Viatte ◽  
Tianze Wang ◽  
Martin Van Damme ◽  
Enrico Dammers ◽  
Frederik Meleux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
Northern Switzerland ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Abstract. The Paris megacity experiences frequent particulate matter (i.e.PM2.5, particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm) pollution episodes in spring (March–April). At this time of the year, large numbers of the particles consist of ammonium sulfate and nitrate which are formed from ammonia (NH3) released during fertilizer spreading practices and transported from the surrounding areas to Paris. There is still limited knowledge of the emission sources around Paris, their magnitude, and their seasonality. Using space-borne NH3 observation records of 10 years (2008–2017) and 5 years (2013–2017) provided by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and the Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) instrument, regional patterns of NH3 variabilities (seasonal and interannual) are derived. Observations reveal identical high seasonal variability with three major NH3 hotspots found from March to August. The high interannual variability is discussed with respect to atmospheric total precipitation and temperature. A detailed analysis of the seasonal cycle is performed using both IASI and CrIS instrument data, together with outputs from the CHIMERE atmospheric model. For 2014 and 2015, the CHIMERE model shows coefficients of determination of 0.58 and 0.18 when compared to IASI and CrIS, respectively. With respect to spatial variability, the CHIMERE monthly NH3 concentrations in spring show a slight underrepresentation over Belgium and the United Kingdom and an overrepresentation in agricultural areas in the French Brittany–Pays de la Loire and Plateau du Jura region, as well as in northern Switzerland. In addition, PM2.5 concentrations derived from the CHIMERE model have been evaluated against surface measurements from the Airparif network over Paris, with which agreement was found (r2 = 0.56) with however an underestimation during spring pollution events. Using HYSPLIT cluster analysis of back trajectories, we show that NH3 total columns measured in spring over Paris are enhanced when air masses originate from the north-east (e.g. the Netherlands and Belgium), highlighting the importance of long-range transport in the NH3 budget over Paris. Variability in NH3 in the north-east region is likely to impact NH3 concentrations in the Parisian region since the cross-correlation function is above 0.3 (at lag = 0 and 1 d). Finally, we quantify the key meteorological parameters driving the specific conditions important for the formation of PM2.5 from NH3 in the Île-de-France region in spring. Data-driven results based on surface PM2.5 measurements from the Airparif network and IASI NH3 measurements show that a combination of the factors such as a low boundary layer of ∼500 m, a relatively low temperature of 5 ∘C, a high relative humidity of 70 %, and wind from the north-east contributes to a positive PM2.5 and NH3 correlation.

Descriptive text to the Geological map of Greenland, 1:100 000, Kilen 81 Ø.1 Syd

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Kristian Svennevig ◽  
Peter Alsen ◽  
Pierpaolo Guarnieri ◽  
Jussi Hovikoski ◽  
Bodil Wesenberg Lauridsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
The South ◽  
Thrust Sheet ◽  
Basin Inversion ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Surrounding Areas

NOTE: This Map Description was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this series, for example: Svennevig, K., Alsen, P., Guarnieri, P., Hovikoski, J., Wesenberg Lauridsen, B., Krarup Pedersen, G., Nøhr-Hansen, H., & Sheldon, E. (2018). Descriptive text to the Geological map of Greenland, 1:100 000, Kilen 81 Ø.1 Syd. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Map Series 8, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.34194/geusm.v8.4526 _______________ The geological map sheet of Kilen in 1:100 000 scale covers the south-eastern part of the Carboniferous–Palaeogene Wandel Sea Basin in eastern North Greenland. The map area is dominated by the Flade Isblink ice cap, which separates several minor isolated landmasses. On the semi-nunatak of Kilen, the map is mainly based on oblique photogrammetry and stratigraphical field work while in Erik S. Henius Land, Nordostrundingen and northern Amdrup Land the map is based on field data collected during previous, 1:500 000 scale regional mapping. Twenty-one Palaeozoic–Mesozoic mappable units were identified on Kilen, while the surrounding areas comprise the Late Cretaceous Nakkehoved Formation to the north-east and the Late Carboniferous Foldedal Formation to the south-west. On Kilen, the description of Jurassic–Cretaceous units follows a recently published lithostratigraphy. The Upper Palaeozoic–lowermost Cretaceous strata comprise seven formations and an informal mélange unit. The overlying Lower–Upper Cretaceous succession comprises the Galadriel Fjeld and Sølverbæk Formations, which are subdivided into six and five units, respectively. In addition, the Quaternary Ymer Formation was mapped on south-east Kilen. The Upper Palaeozoic to Mesozoic strata of Kilen are faulted and folded. Several post-Coniacian NNW–SSE-trending normal faults are identified and found to be passively folded by a later N–S compressional event. A prominent subhorizontal fault, the Central Detachment, separates two thrust sheets, the Kilen Thrust Sheet in the footwall and the Hondal Elv Thrust Sheet in the hanging wall. The style of deformation and the structures found on Kilen are caused by compressional tectonics resulting in post-extensional, presumably Early Eocene, folding and thrusting and basin inversion. The structural history of the surrounding areas and their relation to Kilen await further studies.

Mechanisms of Resistance to Glyphosate in a Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) Biotype from Chile

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Michitte ◽  
Rafael De Prado ◽  
Nelson Espinoza ◽  
Juan Pedro Ruiz-Santaella ◽  
Christian Gauvrit
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Foliar Uptake ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Target Enzyme

Glyphosate behavior was examined in Italian ryegrass plants from Chile that were sensitive (S) and resistant (R) to this herbicide. In order to explain the resistance to glyphosate, contact angles, spray retention, foliar uptake, herbicide translocation, and target enzyme activity were studied. Contact angles of glyphosate solutions at a field concentration were 40° to 45° on the abaxial surface of R leaves as compared to 70° on S. Glyphosate spray retention by R plants was 35% lower than by S plants. Glyphosate uptake by the abaxial leaf surface of R plants was about 40% lower than that of S plants. In addition, in the R plants more glyphosate migrated to the tip of the treated leaves. The target enzyme in R and S plants was sensitive to the herbicide. Based on these and previous results, it is concluded that resistance in this Italian ryegrass biotype results from lower spray retention, lower foliar uptake from the abaxial leaf surface, and altered translocation pattern. The decreases in spray retention and foliar uptake constitute new mechanisms of glyphosate resistance.

Contribution to the Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of the Cerrado: a transfer to Lessingianthus, in a new rank and with a new name

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Guilherme Medeiros Antar ◽  
BENOÎT LOEUILLE
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
New Name ◽  
The North ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
First Time

Vernonia monocephala subsp. irwinii is a member of the genus Lessingianthus and is hereby transferred to that genus with a new status and a new name, L. semirii. It differs from L. monocephalus by its subsessile to petiolate (vs. sessile) leaves, largely attenuate (vs. rounded to attenuate) leaf bases, adaxial leaf surfaces drying black (vs. greenish), tomentose to velutinous (vs. villous) abaxial leaf surface and stem indument, and number of florets per head (up to 120 vs. up to 210). Both species are native to provinces of the Cerrado Domain, but they do not occur sympatrically: L. semirii is restricted to the North-eastern floristic province (Bahia, Maranhão, Tocantins and Pará states) and northern portion of the Central-western floristic province (Mato Grosso state), whereas L. monocephalus occurs in Distrito Federal and Goiás states in the Central-western, Central and South-eastern floristic provinces. Lessingianthus semirii is hereby described and illustrated for the first time; a distribution map is provided and affinities of this species are discussed.

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