Hidden in plain view: an example from Ptilidium (Ptilidiaceae, Marchantiophyta)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 510 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
VADIM BAKALIN ◽  
ANNA VILNET ◽  
KSENIA KLIMOVA ◽  
WEN ZHANG MA ◽  
SEUNG SE CHOI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
The North

Ptilidium ciliare is so common in the North Holarctic and hypothetically morphologically uniform that possible diversification may have been overlooked. Previous results however showed the presence of “cryptic” diversity within the species. In the present investigation we show: 1) this diversity is not cryptic, 2) the taxon we describe as P. himalayanum has at least a Sino-Himalayan range, and 3) it occupies a morphologically intermediate position between what has traditionally been treated as P. ciliare and P. pulcherrimum. Both latter taxa are only slightly diverged genetically, and sometimes morphological discrimination is challenging such that both are better treated as varieties or subspecies within a single species.

From single-species advice to mixed-species management: taking the next step

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1398-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Vinther ◽  
Stuart A. Reeves ◽  
Kenneth R. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Management Advice ◽  
Management Priorities

Abstract Fishery management advice has traditionally been given on a stock-by-stock basis. Recent problems in implementing this advice, particularly for the demersal fisheries of the North Sea, have highlighted the limitations of the approach. In the long term, it would be desirable to give advice that accounts for mixed-fishery effects, but in the short term there is a need for approaches to resolve the conflicting management advice for different species within the same fishery, and to generate catch or effort advice that accounts for the mixed-species nature of the fishery. This paper documents a recent approach used to address these problems. The approach takes the single-species advice for each species in the fishery as a starting point, then attempts to resolve it into consistent catch or effort advice using fleet-disaggregated catch forecasts in combination with explicitly stated management priorities for each stock. Results are presented for the groundfish fisheries of the North Sea, and these show that the development of such approaches will also require development of the ways in which catch data are collected and compiled.

scholarly journals Les rivages des Bermudes et les formes littorales de dissolution du calcaire

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Taillefer
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

The littoral morphology of the Bermudas is an erosional morphology in limestones, the main processes being mechanical action and solution. The temperatures, in January and February, of the waters washing the Bermudas, are low enough to prevent the growing of true coral reefs. Therefore, it is not the morphology of a coral reef. The predominance of wave-cut cliffs is the most striking feature, despite the low and gently rolling topography. There are, however, other types of coasts on the islands, the mangrove being found on many sheltered shores. The writer thus opposes the sheltered shores of the sounds to the ones exposed on the southcoast, while the shores of the north and north-east coasts belong to an intermediate type. The steplike arrangement of the coastal forms of solution of the Bermudas limestones is primarily linked to the amount of the tidal range. These features are similar to those described on the shores of the warm seas, where the tide is negligible or weak. The Bermudas occupy an intermediate position between the regions where reefs are built by corals, and those, to the north, where solution, helped by other processes, occurs without compensation.

scholarly journals Fashion industry, innovation and intellectual property / Indústria da moda, inovação e propriedade intelectual

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Maristela Basso
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Norm ◽  
Fashion Design ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The North ◽  
The One

Bearing in mind the absence of specific legal norm on “fashion design” and the lack of expertise of ourjudges, Brazilian courts have recognized some degree of protection for designs granted by the fashion industry.They do not deny protection, as the North Americans who exclude the utilitarian aspects, nor even declarerights as vast as in French law. The trend of the judged in Brazil is in an intermediate position. That is, they aimto encourage innovation, on the one hand, and on the other, limit copying, requiring incremental elements toprovide protection.

scholarly journals Two new frog species (Microhylidae: Cophixalus) from the Australian Wet Tropics region, and redescription of Cophixalus ornatus

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3271 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CONRAD J. HOSKIN
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Multiple Species

In Australia the frog family Microhylidae is largely restricted to tropical rainforests of the Wet Tropics region in the north-east of the country, but in that region the family is diverse. Only one species, Cophixalus ornatus, is widespread in the WetTropics but there has been suspicion that it may comprise multiple species. A recent study (Hoskin et al. 2011) assessedgenetic and phenotypic variation across the range of C. ornatus, finding three deeply divergent genetic lineages that differin mating call and some aspects of morphology. Two of these lineages abutt in the central Wet Tropics and in that areahybridization was found to be very limited despite sympatry at high densities. Based on multiple lines of data, Hoskin etal. (2011) concluded that the three genetic lineages represent biological species. The taxonomy of these three lineages isresolved here. I describe two new species, Cophixalus australis sp. nov. and Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis sp. nov., andredescribe C. ornatus. The three species are not distinguishable based on any single morphological or call trait and arebest identified by genetics or locality. The distributions of the three species are largely allopatric. Cophixalus ornatus isfound in rainforest in the northern Wet Tropics, C. australis sp. nov. occurs in rainforest and adjacent wet sclerophyllforests in the central and southern Wet Tropics, and C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. inhabits rainforest and montane heathon Hinchinbrook Island. All three species are common. Cophixalus australis sp. nov. contains three genetic subgroupsthat are considered a single species based on phenotypic similarity and high levels of hybridization at contact zones. Thedescription of Cophixalus australis sp. nov. and Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. brings the number of Australian Cophixalus species to 18, 15 of which are restricted to the Wet Tropics region.

Urochordeumatidae Silvestri, 1909, a millipede family endemic to Washington State, USA (Chordeumatida, Striariidea, Striarioidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4657 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. SHEAR ◽  
PAUL E. MAREK
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
North Cascades ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Whatcom County ◽  
Subjective Synonym

Urochordeumatidae Silvestri, 1909 includes a single species, Urochordeuma bumpusi Silvestri, 1909, with U. porona Chamberlin, 1941 as a new junior subjective synonym. The family Urochordeumatidae is removed from the superfamily Caseyoidea and transferred to the superfamily Striarioidea. The species is known only from four counties in Washington State in the North Cascades: Pierce, King, Thurston and Whatcom. The occurrence of U. bumpusi from Whatcom County is a significant range extension. 

Latitude, distance offshore and local environmental features as modulators of zooplankton assemblages across the NE Atlantic Shelves Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-308
Author(s):  
Alvaro Fanjul ◽  
Arantza Iriarte ◽  
Fernando Villate ◽  
Ibon Uriarte ◽  
Miguel Artiach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Single Species ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Ne Atlantic ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Thermal Niche ◽  
The North ◽  
Niche Differences ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract Contribution of latitude, distance offshore and environmental factors to variations in zooplankton assemblages across the Northeast Atlantic Shelves Province, from the Bay of Biscay [Bilbao 35 (B35) and Urdaibai 35 (U35)] to the English Channel (Plymouth L4; L4) and the North Sea (Stonehaven; SH), were assessed mainly by redundancy analysis. For coarse zooplankton groups latitude explained the main between-site differences, and meroplankton contributed more than holoplankton. Latitudinal differences were best indicated by contrasting abundances of cirripede larvae and doliolids (most abundant at the lowest latitude sites) and bryozoan and polychaete larvae (most abundant at the highest latitude site). Doliolids were best indicators of temperature-mediated latitudinal differences. The interaction between latitude and distance offshore or salinity and phytoplankton biomass explained smaller percentages of the variability. The main differences in copepod and cladoceran genera reflected the oceanic influence, with highest presence of Corycaeus and Oncaea at L4, likely related to the higher influence of off-shelf water intrusions, and neritic Acartia dominating at SH, U35 and B35. Podon and Evadne, which decreased from south to north, reflected latitude-related differences driven more by salinity than by temperature. Instances where a single species (e.g. Acartia clausi) dominated showed common relationships with temperature, consistent with a common thermal niche. Differences in co-generic species dominance between sites depicted the latitudinal gradient.

scholarly journals Three new species of leaflitter frogs from the upper Amazon forests: cryptic diversity within Pristimantis "ockendeni" (Anura: Strabomantidae) in Ecuador

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1784 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHRYN R. ELMER ◽  
DAVID C. CANNATELLA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Multiple Species

We describe three new species of Pristimantis leaflitter frogs from the upper Amazon basin of Ecuador: Pristimantis achuar, Pristimantis altamnis, and Pristimantis kichwarum. Each of these new species was previously considered to be part of a single species, formerly known as Eleutherodactylus ockendeni (Boulenger) morph B. However, analysis of DNA sequences together with examination of the morphology of more than 600 specimens from Ecuador reveals that multiple species were confused under the same name. The morphological differences among the three new species are subtle but consistent: presence or absence of a black canthal stripe and/or supratympanic ridge, snout-vent length, and ventral colouration. The three species are generally allopatric and geographically restricted, although at some localities two of the species occur sympatrically.Describimos tres especies nuevas de ranas del sotobosque de la cuenca Amazónica Ecuatoriana: Pristimantis achuar, Pristimantis altamnis y Pristimantis kichwarum. Estas especies fueron consideradas antes como una sola especie bajo el nombre Eleutherodactylus ockendeni (Boulenger) morfo B. Sin embargo, el análisis de secuencias de ADN y la examinación de la morfología de más que 600 especímenes Ecuatorianos indican que en realidad existen tres especies. Sus diferencias morfológicas son sutiles pero constantes: presencia o ausencia de una raya cantal negra y/o de un pliegue supratimpánico y su coloración ventral. Las tres especies tienen distribuciones alopátricas y distintas aunque en algunas localidades se puede encontrar dos de las tres especies juntas.

The geographic distribution of echiurans in the Atlantic Ocean (Phylum Echiura)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2222 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMLALL BISESWAR
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
New Records ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
Total Fauna ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
World Fauna

This report provides a checklist of the echiurans from the Atlantic Ocean and maps their distribution. Investigations on the taxonomy of this group since the publication of the monograph by Stephen and Edmonds (1972) on the phyla Sipuncula and Echiura have yielded two new genera, 12 new species and 13 new records. Currently the echiuran fauna of the Atlantic comprises three families, 25 genera and 63 species. The family Bonelliidae contains 35 species in 18 genera; the Echiuridae is represented by six genera and 27 species, and the Urechidae by a single species Urechis chilensis (Müller). This study shows that the Atlantic has a relatively high species diversity, comprising about 38% of the known world fauna. Bonelliids alone comprise about 56% of the echiuran fauna of the Atlantic. An analysis of distribution is given in relation to general biogeographic regions and faunistic provinces. Dichotomous keys for the identification of genera and species of echiurans from the Atlantic is provided. The North Temperate component is the richest and most diverse, making up about 68% of the Atlantic echiuran fauna; 25 species have been recorded from within the tropics; and the South Temperate component is poorly represented, with only about 19% of the total fauna. The cosmopolitan component is also poorly represented, with only four species, so far, known. Thirteen species of echiurans are provisionally considered to be endemic to the Atlantic. Members of the Echiuridae are usually shallow-water inhabitants of intertidal and subtidal zones while bonelliids exhibit a higher species richness on deeper bottoms of all oceans, mostly at depths of 1000–6000 m in the Atlantic.

scholarly journals Cryptic diversity in the North American Dromochorus tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): a congruence-based method for species discovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P Duran ◽  
David P Herrmann ◽  
Stephen J Roman ◽  
Rodger A Gwiazdowski ◽  
Jennifer A Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Species Discovery ◽  
Tiger Beetles ◽  
The North
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