Taxonomic status of the amphi-Atlantic species Plesionika acanthonotus (Caridea: Pandalidae): a multi-locus and morphological approach

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4590 (4) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
IRENE A. CARDOSO ◽  
GHENNIE T. RODRÍGUEZ-REY ◽  
MARIANA TEROSSI ◽  
CÁTIA BARTILOTTI ◽  
CRISTIANA S. SEREJO
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Two Populations

Deep-sea shrimps of the species Plesionika acanthonotus (Smith, 1882) and P. holthuisi Crosnier & Forest, 1968 are morphologically similar and exhibit overlapping amphi-Atlantic distributions. In the literature, through morphological studies, there are reports of doubts about the validity of P. holthuisi and some authors believe that the eastern and western Atlantic populations of P. acanthonothus could represent two distinct species. The objective of the present study was to use molecular data to elucidate the taxonomic status of the two populations of P. acanthonothus. DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA and Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I) and a nuclear gene (Histone 3) were obtained for both species and for both populations of P. acanthonotus. The sequences were also obtained from Genbank for comparison. The trees (separate and multi-locus/partitioned genes) were generated by Bayesian Inference analyzes, and genetic divergence (Kimura-2-parameters) was also calculated. All specimens that had their DNA sequenced were examined morphologically to confirm their identification; morphological variations were noted. The genetic data showed that Plesionika holthuisi is closely related to P. acanthonotus, but clearly separated, indicating that P. holthuisi is a valid species. In the multi-locus analysis, the P. acanthonothus specimens were divided into two clades, one with the eastern Atlantic specimens and another with the western Atlantic specimens. However, this genetic separation was considered to be a population structuring for three reasons: (1) the genetic divergences of the two mitochondrial genes between these two groups (eastern Atlantic X western Atlantic) were smaller than the interspecific divergence for Plesionika; (2) the P. acanthonothus sequences of the Histone 3 gene showed no genetic variation; (3) in the analyzed individuals, no valid morphological character was found to support this separation. Thus, the conclusion of this study is that P. holthuisi probably is a valid species and P. acanthonothus presents two populations with mitochondrial divergences that could be in the process of speciation, but which currently represent only one species.

Redescription of Orthopristis ruber and Orthopristis scapularis (Haemulidae: Perciformes), with a hybridization zone off the Atlantic coast of South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4576 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRE PIRES MARCENIUK ◽  
RODRIGO ANTUNES CAIRES ◽  
LEONARDO MACHADO ◽  
NAJILA NOLIE CATARINE DANTAS CERQUEIRA ◽  
RAYLA ROBERTA M. DE S. SERRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Coloration Patterns

The genus Orthopristis includes seven valid species, three from the western Atlantic and five from eastern Pacific, while the available identification guides and taxonomic keys incorrectly recognize Orthopristis ruber as the only valid species found on the Atlantic coast of South America. Efforts to expand the inventory of fish species from the northern coast of Brazil led to the identification of two distinct species of Orthopristis from Atlantic South America, based on the analysis of coloration patterns and meristic data, as well as DNA. In the present study, the limits of Orthopristis ruber are reviewed, while Orthopristis scapularis is recognized as a valid species for the northern and northeastern coasts of South America. Based on intermediate morphological characteristics and nuclear DNA markers, a hybrid zone was identified off the state of Espírito Santo, on the eastern Brazilian coast. Additionally, considerations are made on the diversity and biogeography of the coastal marine and estuarine fishes found on the Brazilian coast. 

scholarly journals The "Crustacean Seas" — an evolutionary perspective on the Ponto–Caspian peracarids

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melania EA Cristescu ◽  
Paul DN Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Colonization Event ◽  
History Of

A spectacular adaptive radiation of crustaceans has occurred in the Black, Caspian, and Aral seas. This study tests several evolutionary scenarios based on the extent of genetic differentiation and the phylogenetic relationships among endemic mysids and gammarid amphipods from the Black and Caspian seas. Molecular phylogenies for these taxa were based on two mitochondrial genes: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the large ribosomal RNA subunit (16S), and one nuclear gene, the large ribosomal RNA subunit (28S). The results support the monophyly of the Ponto–Caspian gammarids (genera Dikerogammarus, Echinogammarus, Obesogammarus, and Pontogammarus), suggesting their origin from one colonization event. By contrast, several colonization events preceded the radiation of the Ponto–Caspian mysids (genera Limnomysis and Paramysis). Levels of intraspecific divergence were variable, with mysids showing either no geographic structure or deep genetic splits reflecting a long history of reproductive isolation between populations in marine settings and those in fresh waters. These findings suggest that the diversity of the Ponto–Caspian crustaceans has been underestimated and that species regarded as euryhaline are often composed of distinct evolutionary groups whose taxonomic status should be reevaluated.

scholarly journals Notes on the leaf insects of the genus Phyllium of Sumatra and Java, Indonesia, including the description of two new species with purple coxae (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 913 ◽  
pp. 89-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royce T. Cumming ◽  
Sarah Bank ◽  
Stephane Le Tirant ◽  
Sven Bradler
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Two Populations

Within the last two years, the leaf insects of the genus Phyllium of both the islands of Java and Sumatra have been reviewed extensively based on morphological observations. However, cryptic species which cannot be differentiated morphologically may be present among the various populations. Since it has frequently been demonstrated that analyses based on molecular data can bring clarity in such cases, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on three genes (nuclear gene 28S and mitochondrial genes COI and 16S) from the Phyllium species of these islands. The results show distinct molecular divergence for several populations and suggest the presence of two new cryptic species, morphologically inseparable from Phyllium hausleithneri Brock, 1999. From Sumatra, the population originally thought to be a range expansion for Phyllium hausleithneri, is now here described as Phyllium nisussp. nov., with the only consistent morphological difference being the color of the eggs between the two populations (dark brown in P. hausleithneri and tan in P. nisussp. nov.). Further, an additional population with purple coxae from Java was morphologically examined and found to have no consistent features to separate it morphologically from the other purple coxae species. This cryptic species from Java was however shown to be molecularly distinct from the other purple coxae populations from Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia and is here described as Phyllium gardabagusisp. nov. In addition, Phyllium giganteum is here officially reported from Java for the first time based on both historic and modern records of male specimens.

scholarly journals Does Primula intricata Gren. et Godr. Merit Species Rank? A Taxonomic Revision Based on nrDNA, cpDNA and AFLP Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Dana ŞUTEU ◽  
Mihai PUSCAS ◽  
Ioan BĂCILĂ ◽  
Ana COSTE ◽  
Liviu FILIPAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms

Primula intricata Gren. et Godr. has an unclear taxonomic status: it was originally described as a distinct species but subsequently was considered a subspecies (Primula elatior subsp. intricata) or even a variety (P. elatior var. intricata ) of Primula elatior (L.) Hill. No prior genetic studies were performed on this group of Primulaceae, therefore we considered useful to investigate taxonomies boundaries within the P. elatior-intricata group. We explored genetic differences between Primula intricata and Primula elatior group by applying three different types of molecular markers: nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS1), chloroplast DNA (spacer trnH-psbA and intron trnL) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP). We found a solid differentiation between P. intricata and P. elatior group, differentiation that was confirmed by all the employed molecular markers. This finding enabled us to propose a valid species rank for Primula intricata, as a separate taxon from the P. elatior group.

The identity of Aplocheilus andamanicus (Köhler, 1906) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), an endemic Killifish from the Andaman Islands, with notes on Odontopsis armata van Hasselt

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4382 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
UNMESH KATWATE ◽  
PRADEEP KUMKAR ◽  
RALF BRITZ ◽  
RAJEEV RAGHAVAN ◽  
NEELESH DAHANUKAR
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Group ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Two Populations

In his work on the fishes of the Andaman Islands, Francis Day (1870) collected large-sized specimens of Aplocheilus from the south Andamans. Despite differences in the size and dorsal-fin ray counts, Day refrained from recognising the Andaman Aplocheilus as a distinct species and considered it as Aplocheilus panchax, a species distributed in the Ganges delta and across the eastern coast of mainland India. However, Day mentioned the differences in fin-ray counts between these two populations. Subsequently Köhler (1906) described the Andaman population as Haplochilus andamanicus (now in Aplocheilus), referring to the diagnostic characters initially discovered by Day. This species failed to receive recognition from taxonomists, because of the uncertainty regarding the validity of the species and its questionable synonymy with A. panchax. In this study, based on morphological and molecular evidence, we demonstrate that A. andamanicus is indeed a distinct and valid species, which can easily be diagnosed from the widespread A. panchax. While resolving the identity of A. andamanicus, we also demonstrate that the congeners from southeast Asia form a genetically distinct group for which the name Odontopsis armata is available. 

ALLOZYME, SPORE AND FROND VARIATION IN SOME SCOTTISH POPULATIONS OF THE FERNS CYSTOPTERIS DICKIEANA AND CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. PARKS ◽  
A. F. DYER ◽  
S. LINDSAY
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Type Population ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
Two Populations

Cystopteris dickieana R. Sim is a fern species that currently receives legal protection in Britain on the basis that it is endemic to Scotland and extremely rare. However, ever since it was first discovered in the 1830s, there has been considerable debate about its taxonomic status within the Cystopteris fragilis complex. This debate centres on the relative importance of two characters, the architecture of the fronds and the surface sculpturing of the spores, in delimiting C. dickieana from other taxa in the C. fragilis complex and is complicated by the fact that most comparative studies reputed to have included ‘C. dickieana’ have failed to include either the type material of C. dickieana or material from the ’type population‘ (i.e. the population of plants, of uniform and distinctive morphology, that still grows at the type locality for C. dickieana). The principal aim of this investigation was to generate some of the critical data and information currently missing from the debate concerning the taxonomic status of C. dickieana by including material from the ’type population‘ in an allozyme study of several Scottish Cystopteris populations. The frond architecture, spore sculpturing, and allozyme banding patterns were investigated in five natural and two cultivated populations of the C. fragilis complex. All plants from the ‘type population’ of C. dickieana had the distinctive frond architecture and rugose spores of the type material. Two populations comprised plants that had the frond architecture and echinate spores typical of C. fragilis. Also examined were two populations containing plants that had frond architecture typical of C. fragilis but rugose spores similar to those of the type material of C. dickieana. These plants occurred with typical C. fragilis in one of the populations and with typical C. dickieana in the other. In the latter population, situated close to the ‘type population’ for C. dickieana, a third, ‘smooth’ spore type occurred in nine out of 55 fertile plants. Consistent and analysable allozyme results were obtained for seven enzymes at ten loci: eight loci were polymorphic and all but the smallest population showed variation at one or more loci. In total, 22 allozyme phenotypes were recorded in 226 individuals. No consistent correlation was found between frond architecture, spore sculpturing and allozyme banding pattern. Our results provide no support for the recognition of C. dickieana as a distinct species related to C. fragilis.

Phylogeny of Trematomus (Notothenioidei: Nototheniidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Kuhn ◽  
Thomas J. Near
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Phylogenetic Resolution

AbstractThe biota of Antarctica is amazingly rich and highly endemic. The phylogenetics of notothenioid fishes has been extensively investigated through analyses of morphological characters, DNA sequences from mitochondrial genes, and single copy nuclear genes. These phylogenetic analyses have produced reasonably similar phylogenetic trees of notothenioids, however a number of phylogenetic questions remain. The nototheniid clade Trematomus is an example of a group where phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved. In this paper we revisit the phylogenetic relationships of Trematomus using both increased taxon sampling and an expanded dataset which includes DNA sequences from two mitochondrial genes (ND2 and 16S rRNA) and one single-copy nuclear gene (RPS7). The Bayesian phylogeny resulting from the analysis of the combined mitochondrial and nuclear gene datasets was well resolved and contained more interspecific nodes supported with significant Bayesian posteriors than either the mitochondrial or nuclear gene phylogenies alone. This demonstrates that the addition of nuclear gene sequence data to mitochondrial data can enhance phylogenetic resolution and increase node support. Additionally, the results of the combined mitochondrial and nuclear Bayesian analyses provide further support for the inclusion of species previously classified as Pagothenia and Cryothenia in Trematomus.

Simplification of a species complex: Two new species of Leucothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) previously attributed to Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard, 1789) in Florida, U.S.A.

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine N White
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Two New Species

Abstract Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard, 1789) has long been thought of as a cosmopolitan species; however, relatively recent morphological studies have discovered a species complex previously attributed to L. spinicarpa. Despite this, several species remain hardly distinguishable from the general leucothoid form of L. spinicarpa. Morphological analyses reveal two distinct species in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, which is supported by molecular mitochondrial COI and nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA data. Leucothoe tunicasp. nov. and L. machidaisp. nov. are described herein. Analyses of DNA sequences from specimens from Tampa Bay, FL, Big Pine Key, FL, and Belize of L. tunicasp. nov. demonstrate intraspecific genetic structure in morphologically identical populations. Therefore, the geographically distant populations of L. tunicasp. nov. thus represent one species with a wide distribution, whereas L. machidaisp. nov. has so far been collected only in Tampa Bay.

Recognizing diversity in blennioid fish nomenclature (Teleostei: Blennioidei)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2120 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP A. HASTINGS ◽  
VICTOR G. SPRINGER
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
Evolutionary Pathways

Species inventories for macroecology, biogeography and conservation biology rely upon accurate lists of valid species. In order to provide a more uniform taxonomic treatment for blennioid fishes, we evaluated the taxonomic status of 21 species with currently recognized subspecies. In six cases we found no compelling evidence for recognizing these nominal forms as distinct species. However, in 15 cases, evidence exists for elevating 17 subspecies to full species status based on currently used criteria for delimiting fish species. This evidence includes the existence of significant phenotypic and/or genetic differences supporting the hypothesis that they are on distinct evolutionary pathways in accordance with a phylogenetic species concept. Known distributions of affected species are modified accordingly. Most of these elevated species are separated from their closest relatives by well-known biogeographic barriers.

scholarly journals Three new species of Creptotrema (Trematoda, Allocreadiidae) with an amended diagnosis of the genus and reassignment of Auriculostoma (Allocreadiidae), based on morphological and molecular evidence

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Lidiane Franceschini ◽  
Aline Aguiar ◽  
Aline Cristina Zago ◽  
Priscilla de Oliveira Fadel Yamada ◽  
Mariana Bertholdi Ebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Type Host ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Single Sequence

Diversity of Creptotrema was investigated using morphological and molecular tools, including data for Creptotrema creptotrema (type-species). Three new species, parasites of Brazilian fishes, are described: Creptotrema conconae n. sp. (type-host, Imparfinis mirini Haseman), Creptotrema schubarti n. sp. (type-host, Characidium schubarti Travassos) and Creptotrema megacetabularis n. sp. (type-host, Auchenipterus osteomystax (Miranda Ribeiro)). The diagnosis of the genus was amended to include new features. The new species differ from each other mainly in terms of body shape, relative sucker size, and testes position. DNA sequences were obtained from Creptotrema spp. from Brazil, including 28S, ITS and COI. Genetic divergences among the new species and C. creptotrema varied from 2.1 to 5.2% (21–49 bp) for 28S, and 6.6 to 16.4% (21–45 bp) for COI. Phylogenetic analysis (28S) placed the newly generated DNA sequences of Creptotrema in a clade (Creptotrema clade sensu stricto) composed of C. creptotrema, the new species described herein, and all species previously described as Auriculostoma, revealing that Auriculostoma is best interpreted as a synonym of Creptotrema based on the principle of priority of zoological nomenclature. Creptotrema funduli, the single sequence of the genus previously available, was not grouped within the Creptotrema clade sensu stricto, suggesting the need for reevaluation of the taxonomic status of this species. Our results showed that Creptotrema represents a monophyletic genus of trematodes widely distributed across the Americas, which currently comprises 19 valid species of parasites of teleosts and anurans.

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