New Agraeciini species from the Eastern Arc Mountains, East Africa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4664 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-338
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA HEMP ◽  
KLAUS-GERHARD HELLER
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Tergite ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Eastern Arc Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Arc ◽  
Taita Hills

Eleven new Agraeciini species are described. Six species of Afroanthracites are new to science from the North and South Pare, the West and East Usambara, the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania, and the Taita Hills of Kenya. The two Afroanthracites Hemp & Ingrisch, 2013 species from the Pare Mountains, A. guttatus n. sp. and A. maculatus n. sp., and A. magamba n. sp., from Magamba Forest Reserve in the West Usambara Mountains are morphologically closely related to each other and form a morphological lineage with the already described species from the West Usambara Mountains (A. discolor Hemp, Ingrisch & Ünal, 2013 and A. pseudodiscolor Hemp, 2015) and A. pommeri n. sp. from the Taita Hills of Kenya. A. lineatus n. sp. from Lutindi Forest Reserve in the East Usambara Mountains has its morphologically closest relative in A. jagoi Ünal & Hemp, 2013 endemic to the Mazumbai Forest Reserve of the West Usambara Mountains while A. montium (Sjöstedt, 1910) from the Kilimanjaro/Meru area, A. inopinatus n. sp. from the South Pare Mountains and A. usambaricus (Sjöstedt, 1913) from the West Usambara Mountains form another morphological lineage. Morphological traits like the shape of the last abdominal tergite in males, the male cerci and the colour pattern suggest at least two lineages reflecting dispersal of the ancestors at a time when forest connected the mountain ranges in the past during climatic fluctuations. In the genus Afroagraecia Ingrisch & Hemp, 2013 new species were collected on Zanzibar and in Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve, the Udzungwa and Nguru Mountains. Distribution patterns and the morphology suggest recent speciation patterns of Afroagraecia in the Eastern Arc Mountains and along the Tanzanian coast. From the Nguru Mountains a third Dendrobia species of the genus, D. plagata n. sp., is described. 

scholarly journals Phylogeography and sister group of Lupangus, a new genus for three new flightless allopatric forest litter weevils endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Molytinae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily V. Grebennikov
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Eastern Arc Mountains ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Eastern Arc

This paper reports discovery of a new genus <em>Lupangus</em> gen. n. with three new flightless weevils endemic to the forests of the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania: <em>L. asterius</em> sp. n. (East Usambara; the type species), <em>L. jason</em> sp. n. (Uluguru) and<em> L. orpheus</em> sp. n. (Udzungwa). Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses using parts of mitochondrial (COI), nuclear ribosomal (28S) genes, as well as the nuclear spacer region (ITS2) from 46 terminals grouped together the reciprocally monophyletic <em>Lupangus</em> (3 terminals) and <em>Typoderus</em> (3 terminals), with all three clades strongly supported. Phylogenetic analysis of 32 COI-5’ sequences recovered <em>Lupangus</em> species as reciprocally monophyletic, with <em>L</em>. <em>orpheus</em> being the sister to the rest. Internal phylogeny within both <em>L. jason</em> and <em>L.</em> <em>orpheus</em> are geographically structured, while that of <em>L. asterius</em> is not. Temporal analysis of <em>Lupangus</em> evolution using COI-5’ data assessed under slow and fast substitution rate schemes estimated separation of mitochondrial lineages leading to three <em>Lupangus</em> species at about 7–8 Ma and about 1.9–2.1 Ma, respectively. Temporal analyses consistently failed to suggest correlation between the timing of <em>Lupangus</em> evolution and the late Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, thus rejecting the hypothesis of faunal interchanges during the wettest periods of the last million years. Applicability of flightless weevils for dispersal-vicariance analysis is reviewed, and their mostly undocumented and taxonomically entangled diversity in the Tanzanian Eastern Arc Mountains is briefly highlighted.

Acridocarpus taitensis (Malpighiaceae), a new species from Taita Hills in Kenya, Eastern Arc Mountains

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 435 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
MWADIME NYANGE ◽  
VERONICAH MUTELE NGUMBAU ◽  
QUENTIN LUKE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Eastern Arc Mountains ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Eastern Arc ◽  
Taita Hills ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
A New Species

Acridocarpus taitensis (Malpighiaceae), a new species collected from Taita Hills (Ngangao Forest fragment), Kenya, is described and illustrated. The new entity is similar to A. congestus, but is distinguished by its longer glandular leaves, with markedly impressed lateral veins on the adaxial leaf surfaces, smaller bracts, and fruits with the apex of the wings obtuse in shape. This species has previously been recorded as Acridocarpus sp. in the book Kenya, Trees & Shrubs and as Acridocarpus taxon A in the book Kenya, Trees, Shrubs & Lianas.

Faunistic relations between the ranges of the Eastern Arc mountains: relocation of Peronura hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), the description of the male and implications from its phylogeographical pattern

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3006 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA HEMP
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edge ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Taita Hills ◽  
Female Holotype ◽  
North And South

P. hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 was relocated in the Taita Hills of Kenya. To present only the single female holotype was known. Male and female specimens of this species were found along forest edge in herbaceous vegetation in the Ngangao forest reserve. Closest relative of P. hildebrandtiana Karsch is P. uguenoensis Hemp restricted to the North and South Pare mountains. P. hildebrandtiana is re-described and the male newly described in this paper. Ecological information is provided and co-occurring Saltatoria species listed. Faunistic similarities in flightless Saltatoria between the Taita Hills and the South Pare mountains are discussed.

scholarly journals Elevational and latitudinal changes in tree associations and diversity in the Eastern Arc mountains of Tanzania

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Eastern Arc Mountains ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
The West ◽  
Udzungwa Mountains ◽  
Eastern Arc ◽  
Elevational Range

ABSTRACTA total of 200 variable-area plots covering 20.3 ha containing 4000 trees with a basal area of 921.4 m2 were assessed over a combined elevational range of 410–2180 m in the moist forests of three Tanzanian Eastern Arc mountains: West Usambara, Nguru and Udzungwa. Plot data were ordinated on the basis of species presence/absence, frequency and basal area. Axis 1 of ordinations based on species presence/absence are correlated with elevation. Axis 1 of the frequency-weighted ordination was correlated with elevation in the Nguru and Udzungwa mountains, but plots from the West Usambara showed a rainfall-related discontinuity. Axis 1 of the West Usambara basal area-weighted ordination showed evidence of long-term dynamics of Ocotea usambarensis and in the Udzungwa mountains was determined by presence of Parinari excclsa. Plot diversity was not correlated with elevation or latitude, but was lower in disturbed, low rainfall or more seasonal forest. Stem density was positively correlated with elevation and was greater on ridge tops than valley sides and valley bottoms.

Pseudotibiozus Demange, 1970—millipedes of the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4425 (3) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
HENRIK ENGHOFF ◽  
TOBIAS BERGLUND LARSSON
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Eastern Arc Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Arc ◽  
New Material

The genus Pseudotibiozus Demange, 1970, is discussed, its type species, P. cerasopus (Attems, 1914) is re-described based on type and new material, and P. zophoribates sp. nov. is described from the West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. The millipede faunas of the West and East Usambara Mts are compared. 

Revision of the Palaearctic Trachusa interrupta species complex (Apoidea: Anthidiini) with description of four new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4728 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAX KASPAREK
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Western Africa

Trachusa interrupta (Fabricius, 1781) s.l. has so far been regarded as a widespread resin bee in the tribe Anthidiini, whose range extends from northwest Africa and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to Central Asia and China in the east. It was thought that the pattern of yellow maculations on head, meso- and metasoma was quite variable. Several forms which were described since the 18th century have been regarded as synonyms. A comprehensive analysis of hundreds of specimens from all parts of its distribution found that T. interrupta s. l. actually represents a complex of closely related species. The study which included the examination of type material and the analyses of morphometric data of 15 measurements of the head, antennae and wings through multivariate statistical methods showed that there was relatively little variation in the colour pattern. Different colour patterns mostly represent different taxa which form distinctive clusters in Discriminant Function Analysis of morphometric data. The complex hereby consists of three widespread species, Trachusa interrupta (Fabricius, 1781) s.str., T. integra (Eversmann, 1852) stat. resurr., and T. anatolica sp. n., whose combined range extends from the Western Mediterranean to Central Asia and China, and five further species with restricted ranges in the southern part of the overall distribution: T. varia (Olivier, 1789) stat. resurr. and T. maghrebensis sp. n. in Spain and north-western Africa, and T. heinzi Dubitzky, 2007, T. grandicornis sp. n., and T. taurica sp. n. in Turkey and Iran. Additionally, some populations mainly of T. interrupta s. str. show in the southern part of its distribution (e.g. Spain, Italy, Greece) distinctive features in the colour pattern or morphological traits such as antennal length. As these characters are widely overlapping between populations and seem to follow geographic clines, these differences do not seem to reflect taxonomically relevant units. It was thought that they represent populations with reduced but still not ceased reproductive isolation and hence species in statu nascendi. All species of the T. interrupta complex as here defined have clearly delineated distributional areas. There is a little overlap in the distribution areas of the species and even the two most widespread species, T. interrupta s. str. and T. integra, which both occur widely in the West Palaearctic show mutually exclusive patchy distribution patterns, i.e. the two species normally do not occur in the same region. Nevertheless, a few cases were found where two species occur in sympatry, and a few cases (less than 1% of all specimens) where specimens had characters of two species. The latter may indicate that hybridisation occasionally occurs in parapatric contact zones. 

Spatial and temporal variations in parasite prevalence and infracommunity structure in herring (Clupea harengus L.) caught to the west of the British Isles and in the North and Baltic Seas: implications for fisheries science

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Campbell ◽  
Marcus A. Cross ◽  
James C. Chubb ◽  
Carey O. Cunningham ◽  
Emma M. C. Hatfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
North Coast ◽  
British Isles ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

AbstractHerring Clupea harengus L. viscera were examined for endoparasitic infections as part of a multidisciplinary stock identification project (WESTHER, EU Contract no. Q5RS-2002-01 056) which applied a range of stock discrimination techniques to the same individual fishes to obtain comparable results for multivariate analysis. Spawning and non-spawning adults, and juvenile herring were caught, over 3 years, by commercial and research vessels from numerous locations to the west of the UK and Ireland, along with control samples of spawning fish from the eastern Baltic Sea, and juveniles from sites in the eastern and western North Sea, and the north of Norway. The metacercariae of two renicolid digeneans (Cercaria pythionike and Cercaria doricha), one larval nematode (Anisakis simplex s.s.) and one larval cestode (Lacistorhynchus tenuis) were selected as tag species. Results were compared with those from herring collected between 1973 and 1982, which suggested remarkable stability in the parasite fauna of herring in the study area. These species were used to compare the parasite infracommunities of spawning herring. A significant variation in infracommunity structure was observed between different spawning grounds. These results suggest that the parasite fauna of herring are spatially variable but remain temporally stable in both the short and long term. Significant differences in prevalence and abundance of infections and comparisons of parasite infracommunity enabled the separation of putative herring stocks west of the British Isles. Distinctive patterns of parasite infection in two different spawning groups off the north coast of Scotland suggest that this area is occupied by two spawning populations, one recruiting from the west of Scotland, the other from outside this area, and most likely from the eastern North Sea. The distribution patterns of L. tenuis, C. doricha and C. pythionike suggest the potential for fish that spawn in three distinct International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) management units to be present in mixed aggregations found over the Malin Shelf, with significant implications for management in this area.

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

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