Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species

The taxonomy of the subgenus Ashima of the genus Phortica is revised. A cladistic analysis of 66 morphological characters is conducted, covering 35 species (28 known and 7 new species: Phortica efragmentata sp. nov., P. andreagigoni sp. nov., P. watabei sp. nov., P. halimunensis sp. nov., P. akutsui sp. nov., P. kerinciensis sp. nov., and P. takehiroi sp. nov.) which correspond to 71.4% of 49 total spp. of Ashima. The resulting cladogram shows that the studied species are separated into several clades/subclades/cluster each highly supported with specific synapomorphies. Those clades/subclades/cluster are newly defined as the following species groups, subgroups or complex: the afoliolata, foliiseta, nigrifoliiseta and angulata species groups; the foliiseta, tanabei, nigrifoliiseta and glabra species subgroups; and the foliiseta species complex. The subgenus Ashima is peculiar in having the asymmetric male genitalia as the ground plan and showing the antisymmetry (i.e. intraspecific mirror-image variation) in some species but the directional asymmetry (i.e. side-fixed asymmetry) in others. The evolution of genital asymmetry in this subgenus is estimated by mapping the states (symmetry, directional asymmetry and antisymmetry) of bilateral structures of male genitalia on the cladogram. This ancestral state reconstruction estimates that the directional asymmetry of male genitalia has evolved at the ancestor of this subgenus and then changed to the antisymmetric state independently in two lineages, the angulata + nigrifoliiseta species groups and the foliiseta species complex. In this study, a standardized terminology recently proposed for the male terminalia of Drosophila melanogaster is extendedly adopted to describe the morphology of male terminalia in the subgenus Ashima, one group of the subfamily Steganinae.

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Simulium (Hearlea) Vargas, Mart nez Palacios, & D az N jera (Diptera: Simuliidae): Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.396.1.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 396 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. COSCARÓN ◽

D. R. MIRANDA ESQUIVEL ◽

J. K. MOULTON ◽

C. L. COSCARÓNARIAS ◽

S. IBAÑEZ BERNAL

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Character Weighting ◽

Species Groups ◽

Geographic Distributions ◽

Weighting Methods

Simulium (Hearlea) Vargas, Mart nez Palacios, & D az N jera 1957 is comprised of 20 known species that are largely confined to the area between M xico and Guatemala. Herein, all currently recognized species within this subgenus are described, illustrated, keyed (except males), and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Geographic distributions for each species are also updated. Simulium deleoni Vargas, 1945, is synonymized with S. capricorne De Le n, 1944. Simulium paracarolinae new species, from Guatemala, is described from the larva. A cladistic analysis of all Hearlea species and representatives from three outgroups was conducted using 39 morphological characters. Although different character weighting methods yielded different topologies, all trees agreed that Hearlea is monophyletic is comprised of two species groups, based mainly upon characters of the larva and pupa: the Simulium juarezi group S. ayrozai Vargas, S. burchi Dalmat, S. canadense Hearle, S. capricorne De Le n, S. chiriquiense Field, S. contrerense D az N jera & Vulcano, S. dalmati Vargas & D az N jera, S. delatorrei Dalmat, S. estevezi Vargas, S. ethelae Dalmat, S. juarezi Vargas & D az N jera, S. microbranchium Dalmat, and S. nigricorne Dalmat and the S. carolinae group Simulium (Hearlea) carolinae De Le n, S. gorirossiae Vargas & D az N jera, S. johnsoni Vargas & D az N jera, S. larvispinosum De Le n, S. menchacai Vargas & D az N jera, S. paracarolinae n. sp., and S. temascalense D az N jera & Vulcano.

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Review of the Mesovelia horvathi species complex (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Mesoveliidae), with the description of seven new species from India

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4651.3.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4651 (3) ◽

pp. 471-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. EYARIN JEHAMALAR ◽

KAILASH CHANDRA ◽

DAN A. POLHEMUS

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Species Complex ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Group ◽

Andaman Islands ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Species Groups

Seven new species from India are described in the Mesovelia horvathi species complex and assigned to two putatively monophyletic species groups. Mesovelia brevia sp. nov. and M. dilatata sp. nov., both occurring in Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, and M. occulta sp. nov., known from only Tamil Nadu, are described and placed in the Mesovelia horvathi species group. Mesovelia andamana sp. nov. from the Andaman Islands, M. bispinosa sp. nov. and M. isiasi sp. nov. from Meghalaya, and M. tenuia sp. nov. from Tamil Nadu, are described and placed in the M. andamana species group. Photographs of morphological characters, distribution maps, and a key to males are provided for all of the species treated.

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Taxonomic revision of the water scavenger beetle genus Sternolophus Solier, 1834 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4282.2.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4282 (2) ◽

pp. 201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

HIVA NASSERZADEH ◽

ALBRECHT KOMAREK

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Valid Species ◽

Old World ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Nomen Dubium ◽

Species Groups

The Old World water scavenger beetle genus Sternolophus Solier is revised. Six new species are described: Sternolophus acutipenis sp. n., S. insulanus sp. n., S. jaechi sp. n., S. mandelai sp. n., S. prominolobus sp. n. and S. solitarius sp. n. Three taxa are reinstated as valid species: Sternolophus angustatus (Boheman), S. elongatus Schaufuss and S. mundus (Boheman). The subgenera within the genus are rejected and Neosternolophus Zaitzev syn. n. is synonymized with Sternolophus s. str. Lectotypes are designated for Hydrophilus angolensis Erichson, H. angustatus, H. rufipes Fabricius, Sternolophus brachyacanthus Régimbart, S. comoriensis Fairmaire, S. elongatus, S. frater Schaufuss, and S. rufipes var. foveoliceps Kolbe. On the basis of similar morphological characters, two species-groups are proposed for some of the species within the genus: The angolensis group including S. angolensis, S. inconspicuus (Nietner), S. mundus, and S. solitarius, and the solieri group including S. angustatus, S. elongatus, S. mandelai, S. rufipes Fabricius, and S. solieri Castelnau. Sternolophus unicolor (Castelnau) is considered a nomen dubium. Male genitalia and other diagnostic morphological characters are illustrated, and distribution maps are presented for all 17 species.

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Digitonthophagus Balthasar, 1959: taxonomy, systematics, and morphological phylogeny of the genus revealing an African species complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4248.1.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4248 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

FRANÇOIS GÉNIER ◽

PHILIPPE MORETTO

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Species Complex ◽

Arabian Peninsula ◽

Economic Importance ◽

African Species ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Afrotropical Region ◽

The Status ◽

Species Groups

The taxonomy and systematics of the genus Digitonthophagus Balthasar (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini) is revised. A detailed study of the male genitalia combined with external morphology suggests that the variability, previously recognized, for D. gazella is hiding a species complex within the Afrotropical region and the Arabian Peninsula. The current study recognizes 16 species; 13 from the Afrotropical region and Arabian Peninsula and three from the eastern portion of the Saharo-Arabian region and the continental Indomalayan region. Species are organized into six species groups based on the results of the morphology-based phylogenetic analysis. The following 12 species are described as new: D. aksumensis Génier new species; D. biflagellatus Génier new species; D. dilatatus Génier new species; D. eucatta Génier new species; D. falciger Génier new species; D. fimator Génier new species; D. namaquensis Génier new species; D. petilus Génier new species; D. sahelicus Moretto new species; D. uks Génier new species; D. ulcerosus Génier new species; and D. viridicollis Génier new species. In order to stabilize nomenclature, lectotypes are designated for Scarabaeus bonasus Fabricius, 1775; Scarabaeus catta Fabricius, 1787, and Onthophagus gazella lusinganus d’Orbigny. A neotype is designated for Scarabaeus dorcas Olivier, 1789 whose status and synonymy need to be altered in order to clarify the status of Scarabaeus gazella auctorum, the widely introduced species with economic importance. A naming scheme is presented for the sclerites of the internal sac. External and male genitalia are illustrated and distribution maps are provided for each species.

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Cryptic species diversity and character congruence: review of the tribe Anthracini (Diptera : Bombyliidae) in Australia

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/it97019 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 977 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David K. Yeates ◽

Christine L. Lambkin

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Cryptic Species ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Group ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Wing Patterns ◽

Species Groups

The Australian Anthracini are revised. In all, 28 new species are described, bringing the total fauna to 34 species. The previously described species of Anthrax Scopoli – A. maculatus Macquart, A. incomptus Walker, A. confluensisRoberts, A. lepidiotus Roberts and A. proconcisus Hardy – are diagnosed and the following eight new species of Anthrax are described: A. argentia, A. asciculus, A. clinatus, A. crenatus, A. dolabratus, A. funestus, A. opacus and A. torulus. This taxonomic study reveals a group of at least 20 cryptic species previously included in collections under the name Anthrax angularis Thomson. A new genus, Thraxan, is erected to contain this cryptic group of species and the following 20 new species are described: T. acutus, T. abditus, T. caligneus, T. cinctus, T. cornuatus, T. depressus, T. echinatus, T. ebenus, T. emicatus, T. hamulus, T. luteus, T. misatulus, T. nodus, T. norrisi, T. obstipus, T. patielus, T. planus, T. prolatus, T. simulatusand T. spiculus. Many of these cryptic species have been collected sympatrically, hill topping together in eastern Australia. A key is provided to the species of Anthrax and Thraxan, genitalia drawings are presented for most species and distribution maps of all species are presented. A cladistic analysis of the species of Anthrax and Thraxan is also presented. A total of 26 of the species is compared for 125 synapomorphies in 39 adult morphological characters. Three species-groups were found: Thraxan, and two species-groups within Anthrax, the A. proconcisus species-group and the A. maculatusspecies-group. Previous authors divided Anthrax into species-groups on the basis of wing patterns, but found that these species-groups were not confirmed when other characters were taken into consideration. We studied the congruence of seven different character sets within the clade comprising Anthrax and Thraxan – antennae, venation, wing patterns, vestiture, genitalia, male genitalia and female genitalia – using several incongruence indices. Significance of incongruence was measured using a randomisation procedure. Results of these studies indicate that the wing-pattern character set is significantly incongruent with the other morphological data. These quantitative cladistic results explain the difficulty previous authors experienced in finding suites of characters to support species-groups in Anthrax on the basis of wing patterns. A relationship is found between the level of incongruence and the distance over which mate-recognition signals operate.

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Study of Laemostenus species across Zagros and Central zone of Iran, with the description of seven new cavernicolous species and notes on subgenus Iranosphodrus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Sphodrini)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4344.1.4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4344 (1) ◽

pp. 115 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MOHADESEH SADAT TAHAMI ◽

JAN MUILWIJK ◽

ROMAN LOHAJ ◽

SABER SADEGHI

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Central Zone ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Group ◽

Identification Key ◽

Fars Province ◽

Check List ◽

Two New Species ◽

Species Groups

The species belonging to the Sphodrine genus Laemostenus Bonelli, 1810 from central and southern Zagros Mts. and central zones of Iran were studied. Two new species-groups of the subgenus Antisphodrus Schaufuss, 1865 are proposed, and seven new species belonging to subgenera Antisphodrus Schaufuss, 1865 and Iranosphodrus Lohaj & Casale, 2011 are described. Morphological characters of the habitus and shape of male genitalia were used to delimit the species. New species of subgenus Antisphodrus are: L. (A.) zagrosensis sp. nov. and L. (A.) speleophilus sp. nov. from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, and L. (A.) farsicus sp. nov. from Fars province (zagrosensis species-group); Laemostenus (A) zakariyiensis sp. nov. from Fars province (aequalis species-group), and L. (A.) shirazensis sp. nov. from Fars province (glasunowi species-group). Based on the newly collected material, the subgenus Iranosphodrus is redefined and two new species from Yazd province are described: L.(I.) yazdensis sp. nov. and L.(I.) troglophilus sp. nov. An identification key for the Laemostenus species of the studied area is provided, and a check list for Iranian representatives of subgenera Antisphodrus and Iranosphodrus are given.

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A taxonomic review of the Afrotropical genus Dragmatucha Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea, Lecithoceridae, Torodorinae), with descriptions of eleven new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4786.2.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4786 (2) ◽

pp. 151-175

Author(s):

KYU-TEK PARK ◽

JUN-MO KOO ◽

DAVID J. L. AGASSIZ ◽

LEIF AARVIK

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Color Pattern ◽

Species Group ◽

Fresh Material ◽

Species Groups ◽

Coi Sequences

The genus Dragmatucha Meyrick is reviewed and 11 species of a total of 13 are described as new. The new species originate from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda. Based on morphological characters, especially the color pattern of both wings, the genus is divided into two species-groups: the proaula species-group with five species (D. proaula Meyrick, 1908; D. galbinea Park, sp. nov.; D. kabarolensis Park, sp. nov.; D. saltualis Park, sp. nov. and D. vittatella Park, sp. nov.) and the hispidula species-group with eight species (D. hispidula Park, 2018; D. goniotes Park, sp. nov.; D. cochliana Park, sp. nov.; D. pedalis Park, sp. nov.; D. ghanaensis Park, sp. nov.; D. crinifrutalis Park, sp. nov.; D. dizostera Park, sp. nov. and D. kakumensis Park, sp. nov.). Adults and male genitalia of all new species are illustrated, but female genitalia are provided only for D. ghanaensis Park, sp. nov. and D. kakumensis Park, sp. nov. When fresh material was available, the analysis of COI sequences was undertaken.

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Phylogeny and evolution of the genus Ctenocolum Kingsolver & Whitehead (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), with the description of three new species

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/1876312x-00002176 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 1-35

Author(s):

Daiara Manfio ◽

Isaac Reis Jorge ◽

Gael J. Kergoat ◽

Cibele Stramare Ribeiro-Costa

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Type Locality ◽

Ancestral State ◽

Dorsal Process ◽

Species Groups ◽

Three New Species ◽

Phylogeny And Evolution ◽

State Estimations

The seed beetle genus Ctenocolum Kingsolver & Whitehead is peculiar because its preferred host Lonchocharpus Kunth (Fabaceae) is not preyed upon by other bruchine species. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of this genus and of its species groups, while providing the description of three new species and of the male of C. biolleyi Kingsolver & Whitehead. To infer phylogenetic relationships, a character matrix of 40 morphological characters was assembled and analysed using both parsimony and Bayesian inference. Ancestral state estimations of host plant use and biogeography analyses were also performed. A total of 22 species were examined: 16 Ctenocolum species (including the three new ones) and six outgroup bruchine species (from genera Caryedes Hummel, Meibomeus Bridwell, Pygiopachymerus Pic and Pachymerus Thunberg). All resulting trees support the monophyly of the genus Ctenocolum. Three synapomorphies characterize the genus: (i) head with frontal carina enlarged at base, (ii) male pygidium truncated apically, and (iii) lateral lobes of tegmen with dorsal process. The two known species groups are also recovered monophyletic in the parsimony analyses. The following three species are described: Ctenocolum inmaculatus Manfio & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (Type locality: Venezuela, Guarico), which belongs to the group tuberculatum; Ctenocolum nigronotus Manfio & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (Type locality: Porto Rico, Mayaguez) and C. pallidus Manfio & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (Type locality: Republic of Guyana), which belong to the group podagricus. Finally, we present colored illustrations of dorsal patterns and male genitalia for these three new species and C. biolleyi in addition to an updated key for the genus Ctenocolum.

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A revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Rhyacopsyche, with the description of 13 new species (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1634.1.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1634 (1) ◽

pp. 1-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

ANNE M. WASMUND ◽

RALPH W. HOLZENTHAL

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Heuristic Search ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Level ◽

Taxonomic Key ◽

Species Groups ◽

Established Species

The Neotropical genus Rhyacopsyche Müller, 1879, was last reviewed in 1971 when 5 species were known. Since that time, the genus has gradually grown to 13 species: R. andina Flint, 1991 (Colombia, Peru, Venezuela), R. chichotla Bueno & Hamilton, 1986 (Mexico), R. duplicispina Flint, 1996 (Tobago), R. hagenii Müller, 1879b (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay), R. jimena Flint, 1991 (Colombia), R. matthiasi Flint, 1991 (Colombia), R. mexicana (Flint, 1967) (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua), R. mutisi Mey & Joost, 1990 (Colombia), R. obliqua Flint, 1971 (Mexico), R. peruviana Flint, 1975 (Ecuador, Peru), R. torulosa Flint, 1971 (Costa Rica, Guatemala), R. turrialbae Flint, 1971 (Costa Rica), and R. yatay Angrisano, 1989 (Argentina). Thirteen new species are described and illustrated: R. benwa (Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru), R. bulbosa (Brazil), R. colei (Venezuela), R. colombiana (Colombia), R. colubrinosa (Ecuador, Peru), R. dikrosa (Brazil), R. flinti (Venezuela), R. hasta (Peru), R. intraspira (Peru), R. otarosa (Venezuela), R. patulosa (Brazil), R. rhamphisa (Colombia, Costa Rica), and R. tanylobosa. (Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela). The distribution of Rhyacopsyche is widened to include Bolivia and Nicaragua. Detailed illustrations are presented for all species as well as diagnoses, descriptions, and a taxonomic key. A species level phylogenetic analysis using PAUP* 4.0b 10 was performed. A heuristic search was conducted based on 20 morphological characters of the male genitalia, with species of Ochrotrichia and Metrichia used as outgroups. A strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees is presented. The analysis revealed 3 characters supporting the monophyly of Rhyacopsyche. The monophyly of 1 of the 2 previously established species groups, the turrialbae group, is supported.

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A REVISION OF THE SYSTEMATICS OF ACALYMMA SENSU STRICTO BARBER (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) FROM NORTH AMERICA INCLUDING MEXICO

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada ◽

10.4039/entm112112fv ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 112 (S112) ◽

pp. 1-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

D.D. Munroe ◽

Ray F. Smith

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

North America ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

The Other ◽

New Subspecies ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Species Groups

AbstractThe systematics of Acalymma sensu stricto of North America including Mexico are revised. Acalymma sensu stricto is defined and distinguished from the other species groups of Acalymma. Sixteen species are discussed including four new species: A. blomorum, A. palomarense, A. invenustum, and A. luridifrons all from Mexico. Three new subspecies of A. blandulum (LeConte) are described: blandulum (LeConte) new status, nigriventre, and yucatanense. Acalymma coruscum costaricense Bechyné is placed as a synonym of A. innubum (Fabricius). Keys are presented to all species and subspecies. Habitus and male genitalia drawings are given for all species and distribution maps are given where appropriate.

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