Review of Energy Storage Technologies for Compressed-Air Energy Storage

The need for electrical energy storage technologies (EEST) in a future energy system, based on volatile renewable energy sources is widely accepted. The still open question is which technology should be used, in particular in such applications where the implementation of different storage technologies would be possible. In this study, eight different EEST were analysed. The comparative life cycle assessment focused on the storage of electrical excess energy from a renewable energy power plant. The considered EEST were lead-acid, lithium-ion, sodium-sulphur, vanadium redox flow and stationary second-life batteries. In addition, two power-to-gas plants storing synthetic natural gas and hydrogen in the gas grid and a new underwater compressed air energy storage were analysed. The material footprint was determined by calculating the raw material input RMI and the total material requirement TMR and the carbon footprint by calculating the global warming impact GWI. All indicators were normalised per energy fed-out based on a unified energy fed-in. The results show that the second-life battery has the lowest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and material use, followed by the lithium-ion battery and the underwater compressed air energy storage. Therefore, these three technologies are preferred options compared to the remaining five technologies with respect to the underlying assumptions of the study. The production phase accounts for the highest share of GHG emissions and material use for nearly all EEST. The results of a sensitivity analysis show that lifetime and storage capacity have a comparable high influence on the footprints. The GHG emissions and the material use of the power-to-gas technologies, the vanadium redox flow battery as well as the underwater compressed air energy storage decline strongly with increased storage capacity.

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Compressed Air Energy Storage and Future Development

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2108/1/012037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2108 (1) ◽

pp. 012037

Author(s):

Jingyue Guo ◽

Ruiman Ma ◽

Huiyan Zou

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Storage ◽

High Capacity ◽

Green Energy ◽

Compressed Air ◽

Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Technology Advancement ◽

Storage Technologies

Abstract Power generation around the world is changing dramatically as a consequence of the demand to lower greenhouse gas releases and present a mix of power supplies. Energy storage technology is considered to be the fundamental technology to address these challenges and has great potential. This paper presents the current development and feasibilities of compressed air energy storage (CAES) and provides implications for upcoming technology advancement. The paper introduces various primary categories of CAES (Advanced Adiabatic-CAES, Liquid Air Energy Storage and Supercritical CAES). Compared with other energy storage technologies, CAES is considered a fresh and green energy storage with the distinctive superiorities of high capacity, high power rating, and long-term storage, and shortcomings of low power density, high transportation losses, and geological restriction. CAES is regarded as a promising technology that is able to be applied in renewable energy production, cogeneration, and distributed energy and microgrid systems. It’s also considered to be integrated with other technologies, such as renewable energy, gas turbine, solid oxide fuel cells, and other systems in the future.

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Static and Dynamic Modeling Comparison of an Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4033399 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 138 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Youssef Mazloum ◽

Haytham Sayah ◽

Maroun Nemer

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Large Scale ◽

Storage System ◽

Compressed Air ◽

System Efficiency ◽

Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽

Electrical Grid ◽

Transient States ◽

Storage Technologies

The large-scale production of renewable energy is limited by the intermittence nature of the renewable energy sources. Moreover, the electricity production of the thermal and nuclear power plants is not flexible with the electricity demand. Hence, the integration of energy storage technologies into the grid has become crucial as it creates a balance between supply and demand for electricity and protects thereby the electrical grid. Among the large-scale energy storage technologies, a novel adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) system will be developed in this paper. This storage system is characterized, compared to the conventional compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, by the recovery and the reuse of the compression heat in order to improve the system efficiency and avoid the use of fossil fuel sources. This paper discusses a comparison between the static and dynamic modeling of the A-CAES system performed by a computer simulation using “Modelica.” Unlike the static model, the dynamic model takes into account the mechanical inertia of the turbomachinery (compressors and turbines) as well as the thermal inertia of the heat exchangers. Consequently, it enables studying the flexibility of the storage system and its ability to meet the electrical grid requirements (primary and secondary reserves) by evaluating the duration of the transient states. Furthermore, the comparison between the static and dynamic models permits to estimate the efficiency losses due to the transient evolutions.The results show that the storage system needs more than 2 min before being able to consume all the excess energy available on the electrical grid and more than 5 min before being able to produce all the energy required by the electrical grid. These time frames are due especially to the transient states (start-up) of the turbomachines. Finally, the system efficiency is 64.7%, the transient states of the system cause losses of 0.9%. These small losses are explained by the short duration of the transient states relative to that of the steady states (15 hrs).

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The Application Study of Hybrid Expansion System in the Compressed Air Energy Storage Power Generation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.934.150 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 934 ◽

pp. 150-155

Author(s):

Xue Jun Peng

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Compressed Air ◽

Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽

Expansion Process ◽

Application Study ◽

In Series ◽

Expansion System ◽

Storage Technologies

The large capacity storage technologies at present are reviewed, particular attention is paid to the principle and current situation of compressed air energy storage power generation. Considering the operating characteristic of non-fuel compressed air energy storage, this paper proposes a hybrid expansion system with piston expander and turbine expander in series and preliminarily analyses the expansion process. The results display that the application of hybrid expansion system can significantly enhance the efficiency of compressed air energy storage power generation and it shows a broad application prospect.

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Slow dynamics model of compressed air energy storage and battery storage technologies for automatic generation control

Energy Systems ◽

10.1007/s12667-015-0157-5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 271-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Venkat Krishnan ◽

Trishna Das

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Automatic Generation ◽

Compressed Air ◽

Automatic Generation Control ◽

Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽

Battery Storage ◽

Slow Dynamics ◽

Dynamics Model ◽

Storage Technologies ◽

Generation Control

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Seasonal and Multi-Seasonal Energy Storage by Power-to-Methane Technology

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14113265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3265

Author(s):

Kristóf Kummer ◽

Attila R. Imre

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Energy Recovery ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Time Span ◽

Compressed Air ◽

Time Range ◽

Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽

Effective Solution ◽

Pumped Storage ◽

Storage Technologies

The time-range of applicability of various energy-storage technologies are limited by self-discharge and other inevitable losses. While batteries and hydrogen are useful for storage in a time-span ranging from hours to several days or even weeks, for seasonal or multi-seasonal storage, only some traditional and quite costly methods can be used (like pumped-storage plants, Compressed Air Energy Storage or energy tower). In this paper, we aim to show that while the efficiency of energy recovery of Power-to-Methane technology is lower than for several other methods, due to the low self-discharge and negligible standby losses, it can be a suitable and cost-effective solution for seasonal and multi-seasonal energy storage.

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