Design of Laser Ranging Device Using the Improved Photodetector and Its Usage in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit Navigation Satellite Orbit Determination

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1508-1517
Author(s):  
Xiangfei Yin ◽  
Genyou Liu ◽  
Shilong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Orbit Determination ◽  
Silicon Substrate ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Absorption Enhancement ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Geo Satellites ◽  
Msm Photodetector ◽  
Regional Augmentation

The geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellites have good coverage performance and are widely used in WAAS, BDS, CAPS and other regional augmentation and regional navigation systems. At the same time, the precise orbit determination and prediction of such satellites play a significant role in high-precision navigation and user real-time positioning. In order to obtain higher accuracy of orbit determination, the laser ranging device is improved by equipping with a silicon-substrate germanium MSM photodetector in this study. In addition, the surface plasmon resonance augmentation effect is further studied to further enhance the photoelectric performance of the silicon-substrate germanium MSM photodetector. The detector is connected to the OPA657. The corresponding pre-amplified circuit is further designed in this study so that the laser ranging device can be used for the orbit determination application of GEO navigation satellites. In the experiment, the designed silicon-substrate germanium MSM photodetector is tested firstly, the finite-different time-domain (FDTD) method is used to analyze the structure of the photodetector. Then, the effects of the structural parameters such as the grating period on the resonance augmentation of the designed photodetector are analyzed. The results reveal that the photodetector has the best performance at 1500 nm with the absorption enhancement factor of higher than 7. The GNSS combined with the laser ranging is used for comparing the orbit determination errors of GEO satellites. 10 laser observation stations are selected, some of which are equipped with the laser ranging device designed in this study and supply to various GEO satellites for information collection. The results show that GEO satellites have to be introduced to the system deviation when adding the laser ranging data, otherwise they will deviate from the orbit. In addition, the laser ranging device designed in this study can significantly reduce the deviation caused by the introduction of laser ranging data from GEO satellites compared with traditional laser ranging devices.

scholarly journals Precise Relative Orbit Determination for Chinese TH-2 Satellite Formation Using Onboard GPS and BDS2 Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4487
Author(s):  
Bin Yi ◽  
Defeng Gu ◽  
Kai Shao ◽  
Bing Ju ◽  
Houzhe Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orbit Determination ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Reference Orbit ◽  
Satellite Formation ◽  
Relative Orbit ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Geo Satellites ◽  
The Impact

TH-2 is China’s first short-range satellite formation system used to realize interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology. In order to achieve the mission goal of InSAR processing, the relative orbit must be determined with high accuracy. In this study, the precise relative orbit determination (PROD) for TH-2 based on global positioning system (GPS), second-generation BeiDou navagation satellite system (BDS2), and GPS + BDS2 observations was performed. First, the performance of onboard GPS and BDS2 measurements were assessed by analyzing the available data, code multipath errors and noise levels of carrier phase observations. The differences between the National University of Defense Technology (NDT) and the Xi’an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping (CHS) baseline solutions exhibited an RMS of 1.48 mm outside maneuver periods. The GPS-based orbit was used as a reference orbit to evaluate the BDS2-based orbit and the GPS + BDS2-based orbit. It is the first time BDS2 has been applied to the PROD of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite formation. The results showed that the root mean square (RMS) of difference between the PROD results using GPS and BDS2 measurements in 3D components was 2.89 mm in the Asia-Pacific region. We assigned different weights to geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites to illustrate the impact of GEO satellites on PROD, and the accuracy of PROD was improved to 7.08 mm with the GEO weighting strategy. Finally, relative orbits were derived from the combined GPS and BDS2 data. When BDS2 was added on the basis of GPS, the average number of visible navigation satellites from TH-2A and TH-2B improved from 7.5 to 9.5. The RMS of the difference between the GPS + BDS2-based orbit and the GPS-based orbit was about 1.2 mm in 3D. The overlap comparison results showed that the combined orbit consistencies were below 1 mm in the radial (R), along-track (T), and cross-track (N) directions. Furthermore, when BDS2 co-worked with GPS, the average of the ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP) reduced from 0.160 cycle to 0.153 cycle, which was about a 4.4% reduction. The experimental results indicate that millimeter-level PROD results for TH-2 satellite formation can be obtained by using onboard GPS and BDS2 observations, and multi-GNSS can further improve the accuracy and reliability of PROD.

scholarly journals Evaluation of BDS-3 Orbit Determination Strategies Using Ground-Tracking and Inter-Satellite Link Observation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2647
Author(s):  
Yifei Lv ◽  
Tao Geng ◽  
Qile Zhao ◽  
Xin Xie ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orbit Determination ◽  
Precise Orbit Determination ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
Satellite Clock ◽  
Additional Measurement ◽  
Satellite Link ◽  
Geo Satellites ◽  
Similar Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

Dual one-way inter-satellite link (ISL) pseudoranges of BDS-3 satellites can be introduced as an additional measurement along with L-band pseudoranges and phases to improve the accuracy of precise orbit determination (POD). In the existing research, although the clock-free or geometry-free ISL observables are derived from the raw two one-way pseudoranges, only the clock-free observables are adopted for the ISL joint POD (Joint 1 POD) without considering the geometric-free observables. An improved joint (Joint 2 POD) strategy making full use of the clock-free and geometry-free observables is applied in this contribution. The orbits of ground-only POD, ISL-only POD, Joint 1 POD, and Joint 2 POD are comprehensively compared by the orbit overlapping differences, the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) residuals, and the characteristics of the satellite clock offsets estimated simultaneously. The comparisons prove that the performance of the Joint 2 POD strategy is better than that of the other three POD strategies regardless of the types of satellites. Moreover, this paper discusses ISL’s contribution to the station selection strategy in terms of the number and distribution. The experimental results show that, when there are more than 20 stations, each additional 10 stations contributes to a maximum of 7.5%, 3.9%, and 2.8% improvement on MEO, IGSO, and GEO satellites 3D accuracy, respectively. When the number of stations reaches 50, the precise orbits achieve similar accuracy to the results using 80 stations. In addition, after adding ISL data, the orbits estimated using 10 regional stations and 10 global stations are greatly improved, and the accuracy between them is only 0.9 cm in 3D errors.

Precision Low Earth Orbit Determination Using Atmospheric Density Calibration

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Marcos ◽  
M. J. Rendra ◽  
J. M. Griffin ◽  
J. N. Bass ◽  
D. R. Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orbit Determination ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Atmospheric Density

Innovative laser ranging station for orbit determination of LEO objects with a fiber-based laser transmitter

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Humbert ◽  
Daniel Hampf ◽  
Paul Wagner ◽  
Fabian Sproll ◽  
Wolfgang Riede
Keyword(s):  
Orbit Determination ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
Laser Transmitter

Improving BDS-3 precise orbit determination for medium earth orbit satellites

GPS Solutions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxing Li ◽  
Yongqiang Yuan ◽  
Yiting Zhu ◽  
Wenhai Jiao ◽  
Lang Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orbit Determination ◽  
Precise Orbit Determination ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Precise Orbit

scholarly journals Space Weather Modeling Capabilities Assessment: Neutral Density for Orbit Determination at low Earth orbit

Space Weather ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1806-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bruinsma ◽  
E. Sutton ◽  
S. C. Solomon ◽  
T. Fuller-Rowell ◽  
M. Fedrizzi
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Orbit Determination ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Neutral Density ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Weather Modeling

Examination and Enhancement of solar radiation pressure model for BDS-3 satellites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Yongqiang Yuan ◽  
Shi Huang ◽  
Chengbo Liu ◽  
Jiaqing Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Radiation Pressure ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Precise Orbit Determination ◽  
Orbital Plane ◽  
Solar Radiation Pressure ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Precise Orbit ◽  
Orbit Perturbation ◽  
Geo Satellites

<p>With the successful launch of the last Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite in June 2020, China has completed the construction of the third generation BeiDou navigation satellites system (BDS-3). BDS-3 global services have been initiated in July 2020 with the constellation of 3 GEO, 3 Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) and 24 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. In order to further improve the performance of BDS-3 services, the quality of BDS-3 precise orbit product needs further enhancements.</p><p>       The solar radiation pressure (SRP) is the main non-conservative orbit perturbation for GNSS satellites and is the key to improve BDS-3 precise orbit determination. In this study, we focus on the SRP models for BDS-3 satellites. Firstly, the widely used Extended CODE Orbit Model with five parameters (ECOM-5) is assessed. With one-year observations of 2020 from both iGMAS and MGEX networks, the five parameters of ECOM model (D0, Y0, B0, Bc and Bs) are estimated for each BDS-3 satellite. The D0 estimates show an obvious dependency on the elevation angle of the Sun above the satellite orbital plane (denoted as β). In addition, large variations can be noticed in eclipse seasons, which indicate the dramatic changes of SRP. The Y0 estimates vary from -0.6 nm/s<sup>2</sup> to 0.6 nm/s<sup>2</sup> for MEO, -1.0 to 1.0 nm/s<sup>2</sup> for IGSO and -1.0 to 1.5 nm/s<sup>2</sup> for GEO satellites. The B0 estimates of several satellites exhibit a clear dependency on the β angle. The largest variation of B0 appears at C45 and C46, changing from 1.0 nm/s<sup>2</sup> at 15 deg to 8.3 nm/s<sup>2</sup> at 64 deg, which implies that the solar panels of these two satellites may have an obvious rotation lag. To compensate the deficiencies of BDS-3 SRP modeling, we introduce several additional parameters into ECOM-5 model (e.g. introducing higher harmonic terms). The POD performances can be improved by about 10% and 40% for BDS-3 MEO/IGSO and GEO satellites, respectively.</p><p>       Except for the empirical model, we also study the semi-empirical SRP model such as the a priori box-wing model. Since the geometrical and optical properties from BDS-3 metadata are general and rough, we apply more detailed geometrical and optical coefficients for BDS-3 satellites. The POD performance can be improved by about 10% compared to empirical SRP models. Furthermore, considering Earth radiation pressure will have an impact of about 1.3 cm in radial component for MEO satellites.</p>

scholarly journals Integrated Precise Orbit Determination of Multi-GNSS and Large LEO Constellations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 2514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxing Li ◽  
Keke Zhang ◽  
Fujian Ma ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orbit Determination ◽  
Precise Orbit Determination ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Accuracy Improvement ◽  
Precise Orbit ◽  
Leo Satellites ◽  
Geo Satellites ◽  
Gnss Observations

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) orbits are traditionally determined by observation data of ground stations, which usually need even global distribution to ensure adequate observation geometry strength. However, good tracking geometry cannot be achieved for all GNSS satellites due to many factors, such as limited ground stations and special stationary characteristics for the geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites in the BeiDou constellation. Fortunately, the onboard observations from low earth orbiters (LEO) can be an important supplement to overcome the weakness in tracking geometry. In this contribution, we perform large LEO constellation-augmented multi-GNSS precise orbit determination (POD) based on simulated GNSS observations. Six LEO constellations with different satellites numbers, orbit types, and altitudes, as well as global and regional ground networks, are designed to assess the influence of different tracking configurations on the integrated POD. Then, onboard and ground-based GNSS observations are simulated, without regard to the observations between LEO satellites and ground stations. The results show that compared with ground-based POD, a remarkable accuracy improvement of over 70% can be observed for all GNSS satellites when the entire LEO constellation is introduced. Particularly, BDS GEO satellites can obtain centimeter-level orbits, with the largest accuracy improvement being 98%. Compared with the 60-LEO and 66-LEO schemes, the 96-LEO scheme yields an improvement in orbit accuracy of about 1 cm for GEO satellites and 1 mm for other satellites because of the increase of LEO satellites, but leading to a steep rise in the computational time. In terms of the orbital types, the sun-synchronous-orbiting constellation can yield a better tracking geometry for GNSS satellites and a stronger augmentation than the polar-orbiting constellation. As for the LEO altitude, there are almost no large-orbit accuracy differences among the 600, 1000, and 1400 km schemes except for BDS GEO satellites. Furthermore, the GNSS orbit is found to have less dependence on ground stations when incorporating a large number of LEO. The orbit accuracy of the integrated POD with 8 global stations is almost comparable to the result of integrated POD with a denser global network of 65 stations. In addition, we also present an analysis concerning the integrated POD with a partial LEO constellation. The result demonstrates that introducing part of a LEO constellation can be an effective way to balance the conflict between the orbit accuracy and computational efficiency.

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