scholarly journals The effect of scene articulation on transparent layer constancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Charlotte Falkenberg ◽  
Franz Faul
Keyword(s):  
Transparent Layer

Formation of chlamydospores in Gilbertella persicaria

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 908-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Powell ◽  
Charles E. Bracker ◽  
David J. Sternshein
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Transparent Layer ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Gilbertella Persicaria

The cytological events involved in the transformation of vegetative hyphae of the zygomycete Gilbertella persicaria (Eddy) Hesseltine into chlamydospores were studied with light and electron microscopy. Thirty hours after sporangiospores were inoculated into YPG broth, swellings appeared along the aseptate hyphae. Later, septa, traversed by plasmodesmata, delimited each end of the hyphal swellings and compartmentalized these hyphal regions as they differentiated into chlamydospores. Nonswollen regions adjacent to chlamydospores remained as isthmuses. Two additional wall layers appeared within the vegetative wall of the developing chlamydospores. An alveolate, electron-dense wall formed first, and then an electron-transparent layer containing concentrically oriented fibers formed between this layer and the plasma membrane. Rather than a mere condensation of cytoplasm, development and maturation of the multinucleate chlamydospores involved extensive cytoplasmic changes such as an increase in reserve products, lipid and glycogen, an increase and then disappearance of vacuoles, and the breakdown of many mitochondria. Underlying the plasma membrane during chlamydospore wall formation were endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies, vesicles with fibrillar contents, vesicles with electron-transparent contents, and cisternal rings containing the Golgi apparatus marker enzyme, thiamine pyrophosphatase. Acid phosphatase activity was localized cytochemically in a cisterna which enclosed mitochondria and in vacuoles which contained membrane fragments. Tightly packed membrane whorls and single membrane bounded sacs with finely granular matrices surrounding vacuoles were unique during chlamydospore development. Microbodies were rare in the mature chlamydospore, but endoplasmic reticulum was closely associated with lipid globules. As chlamydospores developed, the cytoplasm in the isthmus became highly vacuolated, lipid globules were closely associated with vacuoles, mitochondria were broken down in vacuoles, unusual membrane configurations appeared, and eventually the membranes degenerated. Unlike chlamydospores, walls of the isthmus did not thicken, but irregularly shaped appositions containing numerous channels formed at intervals on the inside of these walls. The pattern of cytoplasmic transformations during chlamydospore development is similar to events leading to the formation of zygospores and sporangiospores.

Reflection of light by a plane-parallel transparent layer in contact with an inverse medium

1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-541
Author(s):  
B. B. Boiko ◽  
I. Z. Dzhilavdari ◽  
G. I. Olefir ◽  
N. S. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Transparent Layer ◽  
Plane Parallel ◽  
Inverse Medium ◽  
Reflection Of Light

Modular Origami Robot Inspired by a Scorpion Tail

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Jovanova ◽  
Maja Anachkova ◽  
Viktor Gavriloski ◽  
Dimitar Petrevski ◽  
Franka Grazhdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Multiple Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Transparent Layer ◽  
Plastic Foil ◽  
Greater Curvature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Outer Coating

Arthropod animals like scorpions with modular body parts can be an inspiration for a robot’s structure. The design presented here relays on inter-connected origami towers, but could also be easily disassembled. Each origami tower is fully autonomous and at the same time is part of the robot as a whole. The towers are positioned between two platforms that enable modularity. The scorpion’s tale shape is achieved by the varying platform diameter resulting in cone-like form. Each tower is actuated independently to enable multiple degrees of freedom. Maneuvering with separated units, assists in easier reparation as well as replacement. Detaching the towers into separate parts makes this structure develop more precise movements, since every unit will move autonomously. Therefore, having a higher number of separated movements combined leads to a smooth bionic movement. So, the overall hierarchy will be modular contributing to a greater curvature bending of the whole structure. Actuating and maneuvering the robot in the main concept is done by separated electro motors, built in the platform. The basic structure will be built from thick paper with plastic coatings. The thick paper itself is lightweight, but at the same time flexible. To protect the paper towers, double plastic foil is placed as an outer coating which acts as an origami cover. This transparent layer is elastic hence it can follow and support the individual units’ movements. This work is focused on understanding origami towers kinematics and different combinations of inter-connected towers to achieve multiple degrees of freedom. A conceptual model is developed, supported by CAD and mathematical models. At the end a prototype is presented.

The Surface of the Sea-urchin Egg

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (45) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
LORD ROTHSCHILD
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Outer Electron ◽  
Transparent Layer ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg

Unfertilized eggs of the sea-urchin Echinus esculentus were fixed in potassium permanganate, sectioned, and examined under the electron microscope. A membrane consisting of an outer electron-opaque layer 84 Å wide, an electron-transparent layer 67 Å wide, and an inner electron-opaque layer 66 A wide was observed at the egg surface. No other membrane or electron-opaque layer could be found anywhere within 4µ of the egg surface.

scholarly journals Programmable transparent organic luminescent tags

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. eaau7310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Gmelch ◽  
Heidi Thomas ◽  
Felix Fries ◽  
Sebastian Reineke
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Simple Device ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Transparent Layer ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Low Costs

A milestone in the field of organic luminescent labeling is reached, as fast and multiple (>40 cycles) printing of information onto any substrate in any size for very low costs is shown, resulting in rewritable high-resolution (>700 dpi) and high-contrast images. By making use of a simple device structure containing nothing but highly available materials, an ultrathin, flexible, and fully transparent layer stack was realized. Using light alone, any luminescent image can be printed into and erased from this layer contactless and without the need of any ink. Compared to existing approaches, the demonstrated concept represents a promising method for production of luminescent on-demand tags with the potential to supersede conventional labeling techniques in many ways.

scholarly journals Transparent Layer Compensation at the Active Triangulation Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (27) ◽  
pp. 508-513
Author(s):  
I. Janakova ◽  
S. Sediva ◽  
P. Benes
Keyword(s):  
Transparent Layer ◽  
Active Triangulation

On the structure of the teeth, the vascularity of those organs, and their relation to bone

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 70-70
Keyword(s):  
Transparent Medium ◽  
Transparent Material ◽  
Central Cavity ◽  
Transparent Layer ◽  
Muriatic Acid ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Dense Mass

The microscopical examinations which the author has made of the structure of the teeth of man and various animals, lead him to the conclusion that their bony portions are formed of minute tubes, dis­posed in a radiated arrangement, in lines proceeding everywhere perpendicularly from the inner surface of the cavity containing the pulp. These tubuli are surrounded by a transparent material, which cements them together into a solid and dense mass. He finds, by applying the test of muriatic acid, that carbonate as well as phos­phate of lime enters into their composition. In man, the tubuli, du­ring their divergence from their origin at the surface of the central cavity, send off a number of very minute fibrils ; and on approach­ing the enamel or the granular substance, which cover respectively the crown and the fangs of the tooth, the tubuli divide into smaller ones, which freely anastomose with one another, and then either are continued into the enamel, or terminate at the boundary between these two substances. Various modifications of this structure, ex­hibited in the teeth of different animals, in the class Mammalia and Fishes more particularly, are minutely described. The granular sub­stance appears to be composed of irregularly shaped osseous gra­ nules, imbedded in the same kind of transparent medium which ce­ments the tubuli together. External to the granular portion, the author finds another substance entering into the formation of the simple tooth, and commencing where the enamel terminates; and which he describes as beginning by a thin and transparent layer con­taining only a few dark fibres, which pass directly outwards; but assuming, as it proceeds towards the apex of the fang, greater thickness and opacity, and being traversed by vessels. External to the enamel, and in close connexion with it, in com­pound teeth, is situated the crusta petrosa, a substance very similar to the bony layer of the simple tooth. It contains numerous cor­puscles, and is traversed by numerous vessels entering it from with­out, and anastomosing freely with one another, but terminating in its substance. These investigations of the structure of the different component parts of teeth, furnish abundant evidence of their vascu­larity and consequent vitality.

Clinical Value of Ultrasound Fetal Neck Transparent Layer Index in Early Screening of 21-Trisomy Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-966
Author(s):  
Weibo Fan ◽  
Shuli Zeng ◽  
Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Transparent Layer ◽  
Experimental Group

This study used a retrospective analysis method to select 1061 pregnant women from March 2012 to December 2018 to our hospital for obstetrics, and 11–11 weeks +6 days of ultrasound screening for NT values, according to inclusion criteria and exclusion. There were 60 patients who met the criteria of the experimental group and 313 who met the criteria of the control group. All of them were subjected to fetal villus puncture in early pregnancy or amniocentesis in middle pregnancy. The specimens were divided into two parts, one was cultured through cells and the chromosomes were prepared. Analysis and send a copy to a collaborative laboratory for highthroughput sequencing of chromosomes. The aim was to investigate the association between simple cervical thickening (NT) thickening and karyotype and chromosomal microdeletion/microreplication in 11–13 weeks +6 days of gestation. The results of this study show that NT thickening is associated with karyotypic abnormalities, especially with 21-trisomy syndrome; when karyotype is normal, NT thickening is associated with chromosome microdeletions/microduplication; only a single NT increase when thick, the meaning of CNVs detection is not significant.

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