scholarly journals TOWARD A MONITORING AND FORECASTING SYSTEM FOR ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 1147-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hollingsworth ◽  
R. J. Engelen ◽  
C. Textor ◽  
A. Benedetti ◽  
O. Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Forecasting System

scholarly journals Extending methane profiles from aircraft into the stratosphere for satellite total column validation using the ECMWF C-IFS and TOMCAT/SLIMCAT 3-D model

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 6663-6678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreeya Verma ◽  
Julia Marshall ◽  
Mark Parrington ◽  
Anna Agustí-Panareda ◽  
Sebastien Massart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Airborne observations of greenhouse gases are a very useful reference for validation of satellite-based column-averaged dry air mole fraction data. However, since the aircraft data are available only up to about 9–13 km altitude, these profiles do not fully represent the depth of the atmosphere observed by satellites and therefore need to be extended synthetically into the stratosphere. In the near future, observations of CO2 and CH4 made from passenger aircraft are expected to be available through the In-Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) project. In this study, we analyse three different data sources that are available for the stratospheric extension of aircraft profiles by comparing the error introduced by each of them into the total column and provide recommendations regarding the best approach. First, we analyse CH4 fields from two different models of atmospheric composition – the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System for Composition (C-IFS) and the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT 3-D chemical transport model. Secondly, we consider scenarios that simulate the effect of using CH4 climatologies such as those based on balloons or satellite limb soundings. Thirdly, we assess the impact of using a priori profiles used in the satellite retrievals for the stratospheric part of the total column. We find that the models considered in this study have a better estimation of the stratospheric CH4 as compared to the climatology-based data and the satellite a priori profiles. Both the C-IFS and TOMCAT models have a bias of about −9 ppb at the locations where tropospheric vertical profiles will be measured by IAGOS. The C-IFS model, however, has a lower random error (6.5 ppb) than TOMCAT (12.8 ppb). These values are well within the minimum desired accuracy and precision of satellite total column XCH4 retrievals (10 and 34 ppb, respectively). In comparison, the a priori profile from the University of Leicester Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) Proxy XCH4 retrieval and climatology-based data introduce larger random errors in the total column, being limited in spatial coverage and temporal variability. Furthermore, we find that the bias in the models varies with latitude and season. Therefore, applying appropriate bias correction to the model fields before using them for profile extension is expected to further decrease the error contributed by the stratospheric part of the profile to the total column.

scholarly journals Poseidon: A marine environmental monitoring, forecasting and information system for the Greek seas

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H. SOUKISSIAN ◽  
G. CHRONIS
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Operational Oceanography ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Marine Environmental

The scope of this work is twofold: i) to discuss and analyze some principles, issues and problems related to the development and advancement of Operational Oceanography in Greece and ii) to present a real-time monitoring and forecasting system for the Aegean Sea, which is currently under implementation. Operational Oceanography in Greece has become a necessity today, since it can provide aid to find solutions on problems related to societal, economic, environmental and scientific issues. Most of the Greek coastal regions are under pressure, susceptible to damages due to the increasing tendency of the population to move from the inland to the coast, marine environmental pollution, competitive development of the coastal market sector, etc. Moreover, the complex geomorphology of the coastal areas and the interdependence between natural processes and human activities causes significant alterations in this delicate environment. A rational treatment of these problems can be based on integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). An absolutely necessary means for establishing ICZM is the operation of marine moni- toring systems. Such a system ("POSEIDON system") is under implementation by the National Centre for Marine Research. POSEIDON is a comprehensive marine monitoring and forecasting system, that aims to improve environmental surveillance and facilitate sea transport, rescue and safety of life at sea, fishing and aquaculture, protection of the marine ecosystem, etc. POSEIDON is expected to enhance considerably the capabilities to manage, protect and develop the marine resources of the Greek Seas and to promote Greek Operational Oceanography.

scholarly journals ECLand: The ECMWF Land Surface Modelling System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souhail Boussetta ◽  
Gianpaolo Balsamo ◽  
Gabriele Arduini ◽  
Emanuel Dutra ◽  
Joe McNorton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The One

The land-surface developments of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are based on the Carbon-Hydrology Tiled Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land (CHTESSEL) and form an integral part of the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), supporting a wide range of global weather, climate and environmental applications. In order to structure, coordinate and focus future developments and benefit from international collaboration in new areas, a flexible system named ECLand which would facilitates modular extensions to support numerical weather prediction (NWP) and society-relevant operational services, e.g. Copernicus, is presented . This paper introduces recent examples of novel ECLand developments on (i) vegetation, (ii) snow, (iii) soil, (iv) open water/lake (v) river/inundation, and (vi) urban areas. The developments are evaluated separately with long-range, atmosphere-forced surface offline simulations, and coupled land-atmosphere-ocean experiments. This illustrates the benchmark criteria for assessing both, process fidelity with regards to land surface fluxes and reservoirs of the water-energy-carbon exchange on the one hand, and on the other hand the requirements of ECMWF’s NWP, climate and atmospheric composition monitoring services using an Earth system assimilation prediction framework.

Using Grid Computing and Satellite Remote Sensing in Evapotranspiration Estimation

2015 ◽  
pp. 145-173
Author(s):  
Cristina Serban ◽  
Carmen Maftei
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Grid Computing ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Evapotranspiration Estimation

The most advanced and applicable approach today in the development of environmental monitoring programs is the integration of remote sensing and Grid computing services into a monitoring and forecasting system that helps the analyst to understand the problem without being a remote sensing or computer expert. In this chapter we present the main features of Grid computing and how we can use it in conjunction with remote sensing to develop several applications that will estimate ET (Evapotranspiration), LST (Land Surface Temperature) and some vegetation indices (VI's) directly from a satellite image, these parameters playing an essential role in all activities related to water resources management.

The Development and Application of Real-Time Monitoring and Forecasting System of Urban Air Quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 201-202 ◽  
pp. 586-589
Author(s):  
Rui Lian Hou
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Air Quality ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Network Database ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Function Modules ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Forecasting System

Underlying on the technologies of internet, network database and GIS, this paper presents the total solution of the development of the real-time monitoring and forecasting system model of urban air quality, which fulfils the requirements to low energy consumption and quick response and provides reference for similar project research.The paper systematically describes the system target,background of the development,running environment choice of the software, process of the development etc.Then it analyses function modules of the system.At last it gives the structures and implementation methods of the system’s database and the system security solution.This system not only can generate the state analysis reports and the early warning, but also can visualize the data analysing of the air quality by GIS.

scholarly journals Two global climatologies of daily fire emission injection heights since 2003

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rémy ◽  
A. Veira ◽  
R. Paugam ◽  
M. Sofiev ◽  
J. W. Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Radiative Power ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Monitoring Service ◽  
Semi Empirical

Abstract. The Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) assimilates Fire Radiative Power (FRP) observations from satellite-based sensors to produce daily estimates of biomass burning emissions. It has been extended to include information about injection heights provided by two distinct algorithms, which also use meteorological information from the operational weather forecasts of ECMWF. Injection heights are provided by the semi-empirical IS4FIRES parameterization and an analytical one-dimension Plume Rise Model (PRM). The two algorithms provide estimates for injection heights for each satellite pixel. Similarly to how FRP observations are processed in GFAS, these estimates are then gridded, averaged and assimilated, using a simple observation operator, so as to fill the observational gaps. A global database of daily biomass burning emissions and injection heights at 0.1° resolution has been produced for 2003–2015. The database is being extended in near-real-time with the operational GFAS service of the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). The two injection height datasets were compared against a new dataset of satellite-based plume height observations. The IS4FIRES parameterization showed a better overall agreement against observations, while the PRM was better at capturing the variability of injection heights and at estimating the injection heights of large fires. The results from both also show a differentiation depending on the type of vegetation. A positive trend with time in median injection heights from the PRM was noted, less marked from the IS4FIRES parameterization. This is provoked by a negative trend in number of small fires, especially in regions such as South America. The use of biomass burning emission heights from GFAS in atmospheric composition forecasts was assessed in two case studies: the South AMerican Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) campaign which took place in September 2012 in Brazil, and a series of large fire events in the Western U.S. in August 2013. For these case studies, forecasts of biomass burning aerosol species by the Composition-Integrated Forecasting System (C-IFS) of CAMS were found to better reproduce the observed vertical distribution when using PRM injection heights from GFAS.

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